Alternate key index query apparatus and method

• US 5,884,304 A
• Filed: 11/15/1996
• Issued: 03/16/1999
• Est. Priority Date: 09/20/1996
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Apple Inc.
• Original Assignee: Novell Incorporated (Open Text Corporation)
• Inventors: Sanders, Daniel S., Hodgkinson, Andrew A., Pathakis, Scott W., Davis, James R. III, Jensen, Brian L., Bradshaw, W. Brent
• Primary Examiner(s): Black, Thomas G.
• Assistant Examiner(s): HO, RUAY L
• Application Number:
  US08/749,576
• Time in Patent Office: 851 Days
• Field of Search: 707/1-10, 707/100-104, 707/200-206, 705/1, 705/14, 1/1
• US Class Current: 1/1
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 16/22 Indexing; Data structures therefor; Storage structures
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 16/2448 for particular applications; for extensibility, e.g. user defined types
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 16/33 Querying
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 16/83 Querying
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 707/99931 Database or file accessing
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 707/99934 Query formulation, input preparation, or translation

Abstract

A method and apparatus disclosed may be implemented in a digital computer to query a set of arbitrarily structured records. Arbitrarily structured records are structured differently from each other. A query engine, query structure, operators of conventional and non-conventional types may be used in formulating a query. The apparatus may evaluate records having missing fields, repeating fields, or an UNKNOWN value arising from a missing field, division by zero, modulo by zero, or the like. New aggregator (e.g. universal quantifier and existential quantifier) and selector operators (e.g., first, last, nth) may distill multiple values to return a single value. To evaluate a query, the search engine may implement filtered indices, alternate-key indices, compound alternate-key indices, hybrid queries having both full-text and non-full text operands, and joinder of records. Certain of these features may be implemented for evaluating records from both prior art databases and heterogeneous databases of arbitrarily structured records.

Claims

1. An apparatus for formulating and executing a query on a database comprising records, the apparatus comprising a digital computer having a processor operably connected to a memory device storing modules executable on the processor and data structures containing data associated with the modules, the modules and data structures comprising:

the records stored in the memory device;

a query structure stored in the memory device and representing a selection criterion;

an alternate-key index stored in the memory device; and

a query engine module stored in the memory device to be executable by the processor for building the query structure and using the alternate-key index to retrieve indicia of records satisfying the query.

2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the alternate-key index is a compound alternate-key index.

3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the alternate-key index is a simple alternate-key index.

4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the alternate-key index is a simple alternate-key filtered index.

5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the alternate-key index is a compound alternate-key filtered index.

6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the records are arbitrarily structured records.

7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the query structure contains a disjunctive selection criterion.

8. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the query engine is programmed to optimize evaluation of the disjunctive selection criterion using the alternate-key index.

9. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the query engine is programmed to optimize evaluation of the selection criterion using the alternate-key index.

10. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the query structure is a hybrid query structure.

11. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the hybrid query structure comprises a full-text selection criterion and a non-full-text selection criterion.

12. The memory device of claim 1, wherein the alternate-key index is selected from the group consisting of:

a compound alternate-key index;

a simple alternate-key index;

a simple alternate-key filtered index; and

a compound alternate-key filtered index.

13. A method of formulating and executing a query against records in a database, the method being implemented in a query engine, the query engine being executable by a processor operably connected to a memory device, and the method comprising the following steps executed in an order and repetition determined by the query engine:

building, in a memory device, a query structure having selection criterion and information defining a query;

retrieving indicia of records from the database in accordance with the query structure, using an alternate-key index to find the indicia;

evaluating each of the indicia according to the selection criterion to determine whether the indicia satisfy the selection criterion; and

returning selected indicia that satisfy the selection criterion.

14. The method of claim 13, wherein the alternate-key index is selected from the group consisting of:

a compound alternate-key index;

a simple alternate-key index;

a simple alternate-key filtered index; and

a compound alternate-key filtered index.

15. The method of claim 13, wherein the records are arbitrarily structured records.

16. The method of claim 13, wherein the query structure contains a disjunctive selection criterion.

17. The method of claim 16, further comprising using the alternate-key index to optimize the retrieving step to find records satisfying the disjunctive selection criterion.

18. The method of claim 13, wherein the query structure is a hybrid query structure.

19. The method of claim 18, wherein a hybrid query structure comprises a full-text selection criterion and a non-full-text selection criterion.

20. A memory device storing data structures comprising:

records having indicia associated therewith;

a query structure representing a selection criterion corresponding to a query;

an alternate-key index reflecting the indicia of the records; and

a query engine module stored in the memory device to be executable by a processor operably connected to the memory device for building the query structure and using the alternate-key index to retrieve indicia of records satisfying the query.

21. The memory device of claim 20 wherein the records are arbitrarily structured records.

22. The memory device of claim 20, wherein the query structure contains a disjunctive selection criterion.

23. The memory device of claim 22, wherein the query engine contains an executable effective to optimize evaluation of the disjunctive selection criterion using the alternate-key index.

24. The memory device of claim 20, wherein the query structure is a hybrid query structure.