Method and apparatus for reducing ambient noise effects in electronic monitoring instruments

• US 5,885,213 A
• Filed: 09/17/1997
• Issued: 03/23/1999
• Est. Priority Date: 10/23/1992
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Nellcor Puritan Bennett Incorporated (Medtronic Plc)
• Original Assignee: Nellcor Puritan Bennett Incorporated (Medtronic Plc)
• Inventors: Richardson, Charles A., Okikawa, Jerry K., Bennett, Terrence R., Bernstein, Michael
• Primary Examiner(s): Hindenburg, Max
• Assistant Examiner(s): WINAKUR, ERIC FRANK
• Application Number:
  US08/932,747
• Time in Patent Office: 552 Days
• Field of Search: 600/323, 600/330, 600/336, 356/41
• US Class Current: 600/336
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/02416 using photoplethysmograph signals, e.g. generated by infrared radiation A61B5/14552 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/14551 for measuring blood gases
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/7203 for noise prevention, reduction or removal

Abstract

The present invention provides a method and apparatus for adapting to noise sources affecting a pulse oximeter. Various available frequencies are evaluated to determine their respective noise levels and one is selected to act as the operating demultiplexer frequency. During normal operation of the pulse oximeter, the various available demultiplexer frequencies are periodically scanned to determine which has the lowest associated noise. The noise level associated with the operating frequency is used to determine the signal-to-noise ratio of the pulse oximeter signals and thereby qualify certain signals from the pulse oximeter. Those pulses associated with a signal-to-noise ratio below a predetermined threshold are rejected and excluded from use in calculating blood oxygen saturation.

Claims

1. A method of determining the noise level in a pulse oximeter having light sources of at least two different wavelengths and signal processing means, the method comprising:

deactivating the light sources;

choosing a selected frequency;

temporarily monitoring the signal measured by the signal processing means while the pulse oximeter is operating at the selected frequency and while the light sources are not emitting light; and

determining the noise level associated with the selected frequency from the signal so measured.

2. The method recited in claim 1 further comprising producing light at red and infrared wavelengths.

3. The method recited in claim 1 further comprising determining the noise level at a specified demultiplexer frequency.

4. The method recited in claim 1 wherein the noise level is determined by repeatedly estimating a mean signal level and measuring an instantaneous signal level, subtracting the mean signal from the instantaneous signal level to obtain a difference, squaring the difference to obtain a squared value, summing the squared value with at least one other squared value obtained over a measurement epoch to obtain a sum, and taking the square root of the sum.