Apparatus and method for finding optimal sensitivity level for optical encoding circuit

• US 5,898,170 A
• Filed: 07/02/1997
• Issued: 04/27/1999
• Est. Priority Date: 07/02/1997
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Microsoft Technology Licensing LLC (Microsoft Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Microsoft Corporation
• Inventors: Drake, Victor Paul, Featherston, Lord Nigel
• Primary Examiner(s): LE, QUE TAN
• Application Number:
  US08/887,402
• Time in Patent Office: 664 Days
• Field of Search: 250/231.18, 250/231.16, 250/221, 345/165, 345/157, 345/161, 345/163, 345/164, 345/166, 345/167
• US Class Current: 250/231.18
• CPC Class Codes: G01D 5/34 the beams of light being detected by photocells
• CPC Class Codes: G01D 5/34715 Scale reading or illumination devices
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 3/0312 for tracking the rotation of a spherical or circular member, e.g. optical rotary encoders used in mice or trackballs using a tracking ball or in mouse scroll wheels tracking relative movement in co-operation with a regularly or irregularly patterned surface, e.g. as in optical mice G06F3/0317; constructional details of scroll or thumb-wheels G06F3/0362; optical rotary encoders G01D5/3473

Abstract

An apparatus and method for setting a sensitivity level of an optical encoding circuit in an input device includes an adjuster for adjusting the sensitivity level, a threshold locator for detecting a sensitivity threshold of the occurrence of a prescribed output from a light detector circuit, and a motion encoder for encoding motion from the output of the light detector circuit. The threshold locator locates a sensitivity threshold by setting the sensitivity level to one extreme, then repeatedly sampling the light detector circuit output for a prescribed state most likely at the one extreme, while incrementally changing the sensitivity level each time the prescribed state is detected. The sensitivity level used by the threshold locator thus approaches the sensitivity threshold of the prescribed state. A sensitivity level for motion encoding is set based on the sensitivity level for threshold location. Motion encoding samples from the output of the light detector may be interleaved with threshold location samples, and the absolute total motion is tracked. When the sensitivity level has not changed through a prescribed amount of total motion, the threshold location process terminates, the sensitivity level is set for motion encoding, all samples are used for motion encoding, and encoded motion is reported by the device. The prescribed amount of total motion is selected such that the threshold location process completes within a finite displacement, with an optimal-level resulting set point for motion encoding, regardless of the motion of the device throughout the process.

Claims

1. A user input device including an optical encoder apparatus comprising:

one or more light sources;

first and second light detectors positioned near the one or more light sources, each light detector providing an electrical output representative of the amount of light received by the light detector;

a rotatable encoder wheel having light-blocking regions alternating circumferentially with light-transmitting regions and positioned between the light detectors and the one or more light sources such that the amount of light received by the light detectors, and the output of the light detectors, varies periodically with the rotation of the encoder wheel, the light detectors being positioned relative to the encoder wheel and the one or more light sources such that the periodic output of the second light detector is about 90°

out of phase with the periodic output of the first light detector;

first and second single-bit analog-to-digital converters connected respectively to the outputs of the first and second light detectors and converting the outputs to first and second single-bit digital outputs at a digitization threshold;

a sensitivity level adjuster for adjusting the relative levels of the output of the light detectors and the digitization threshold of the first and second analog-to-digital converters; and

a threshold locator for locating the sensitivity threshold of a prescribed state of the first and second digital outputs;

wherein the sensitivity level adjuster adjusts the relative levels of the output of the light detectors and the digitization threshold of the first and second analog-to-digital converters as a function of the sensitivity threshold detected by the threshold locator.

2. The device recited in claim 1 wherein the sensitivity level adjuster adjusts the relative level of the output of the light detectors by affecting both the light detectors and the one or more light sources.

3. The device recited in claim 1 wherein the sensitivity level adjuster comprises a variable resistance.

4. The device recited in claim 1 wherein the sensitivity level adjuster comprises a variable current source.

5. The device recited in claim 1 wherein the sensitivity level adjuster comprises a variable voltage source.

6. The device recited in claim 1 wherein the sensitivity level adjuster comprises first and second sensitivity level adjusters for adjusting, respectively, the effective output levels of the first and second light detectors, and wherein the threshold locator comprises a first threshold locator for detecting a sensitivity threshold of the output of the first light detector and a second threshold locator for detecting a sensitivity threshold of the output of the second light detector, and wherein the first sensitivity level adjuster adjusts the output of the first light detector to a level determined as a function of the sensitivity threshold detected by the first threshold locator, and the second sensitivity level adjuster adjusts the output of the second light detector to a level determined as a function of the sensitivity threshold detected by the second threshold locator.

7. The device recited in claim 6 wherein the sensitivity threshold which is detected by the first threshold locator is the maximum sensitivity level at which the periodic output of the first light detector produces no 1 states at the first digital output.

8. The device recited in claim 6 wherein the sensitivity threshold which is detected by the first threshold locator is the minimum sensitivity level at which the periodic output of the first light detector produces no 0 states at the first digital output.

9. The device recited in claim 6 wherein the first threshold locator detects first and second sensitivity thresholds, the first sensitivity threshold being the maximum sensitivity at which the periodic output of the first light detector produces no 1 states, the second sensitivity threshold being the minimum sensitivity level at which the periodic output of the first light detector produces no 0 states, and wherein the first sensitivity level adjuster adjusts the sensitivity level of the first light detector for motion encoding to between the levels of the first and second sensitivity thresholds.

10. The device recited in claim 1 wherein the sensitivity threshold which is detected by the threshold locator is the maximum sensitivity level at which the periodic output of the first light detector produces no 1 states at the first digital output.

11. The device recited in claim 1 wherein the sensitivity threshold which is detected by the threshold locator is the minimum sensitivity level at which the periodic output of the first light detector produces no 0 states at the first digital output.

12. The device recited in claim 1 wherein the threshold locator detects first and second sensitivity thresholds, the first sensitivity threshold being the maximum sensitivity at which the periodic output of the first light detector produces no 1 states, the second sensitivity threshold being the minimum sensitivity level at which the periodic output of the first light detector produces no 0 states, and wherein the sensitivity level adjuster adjusts the sensitivity level of the first light detector for motion encoding to between the levels of the first and second sensitivity thresholds.

13. The device recited in claim 1 wherein the threshold locator locates the maximum sensitivity at which no 1,1 state occurs at the first and second digital outputs.

14. The device recited in claim 1 wherein the threshold locator locates the minimum sensitivity at which no 0,0 state occurs at the first and second digital outputs.

15. The device recited in claim 1 wherein the sensitivity level adjuster comprises a variable current source coupled to each light detector and a variable current source coupled to each light source.

16. The device recited in claim 1 further including a motion encoder connected to the first and second analog-to-digital converters so as to sample the first and second digital outputs for encoding motion of the encoder wheel based on the first and second digital outputs.

17. The device recited in claim 16 further comprising third and fourth analog-to-digital converters connected respectively to the outputs of the first and second light detectors and converting the outputs of the first and second light detectors to third and fourth single-bit digital outputs, wherein the threshold locator is connected to the third and fourth analog-to-digital converters so as to sample the third and fourth digital outputs, the third and fourth analog-to-digital converters having a digitization threshold different from the digitization threshold of the first and second analog-to-digital converters.

18. The device recited in claim 17 wherein the motion encoder is adapted to sample the first and second digital outputs in parallel with the threshold locator sampling the third and fourth digital outputs.

19. The device recited in claim 16 wherein the threshold locator is connected to the first and second analog-to-digital converters, so as to sample the first and second digital outputs, the threshold locator being adapted to sample the first and second digital outputs alternatingly with the motion encoder sampling the first and second digital outputs, the sensitivity level of the first and second light detectors being adjusted by the sensitivity level adjuster to a motion encoding sensitivity level during sampling by the motion encoder, and to a threshold location sensitivity level, different from the motion encoding sensitivity level, during sampling by the threshold locator.

20. The device recited in claim 1 wherein the one or more light sources comprise light-emitting diodes and the light sensors comprise phototransistors.

21. A method for setting an adjustable sensitivity level of an optical encoding device having an optical encoding wheel and first and second digital outputs in quadrature representative of the rotational position of the optical encoding wheel, the adjustable sensitivity level compensating for variations in LED-phototransistor pairs used with the optical encoding wheel, the method comprising the steps of:

setting the adjustable sensitivity level to a first level at an extreme of the total range of the adjustable sensitivity level that yields the greatest probability of the outputs matching prescribed output values;

repeatedly sampling the outputs during motion of the encoding wheel to obtain search output values;

whenever the search output values match the prescribed output values, changing the adjustable sensitivity level to a new first level at a small change from the previous first level, the change being in the direction away from the extreme;

the change yielding an equal or lessor probability of the outputs matching the prescribed output values.

22. The method recited in claim 21 further comprising the steps of:

totaling the absolute motion of the encoding wheel,

whenever the search output values match prescribed output values, setting the total of the absolute motion of the encoding wheel to zero; and

when the total of the absolute motion of the encoding wheel reaches a prescribed total motion value, ceasing to sample the outputs to obtain search output values.

23. The method recited in claim 22 wherein the step of totaling the absolute motion of the encoding wheel comprises sampling the two outputs respectively with two single-bit analog-to-digital converters with the sensitivity level set to a second level determined as a function of the first level, and wherein the step of sampling the outputs to obtain search output values comprises sampling the two outputs respectively with the two analog-to-digital converters with the sensitivity level set to the first level, the sampling at the second sensitivity level being interleaved with the sampling at the first sensitivity level.

24. The method of claim 23 further comprising the steps of:

selecting the prescribed total motion value such that when the total of the absolute motion reaches the prescribed total motion value, the second level, determined as a function of the first level, is within a range that ensures correct motion encoding by the optical encoding device; and

setting the adjustable sensitivity level to the second level when the total of the absolute motion of the encoding wheel reaches the prescribed total motion value.

25. The method of claim 22 wherein the step of totaling the absolute motion of the encoding wheel includes the step of not including in the total motion each first increment of encoded motion corresponding to any change of direction of the encoding wheel.

26. The method of claim 22 wherein the step of totaling the absolute motion of the encoding wheel includes subtracting from the total motion one increment of motion for each detected change of direction of the encoding wheel.