Helical antenna and method of making same
First Claim
1. A helical antenna comprising a conductor having a helical shape, the conductor having a resonance frequency f0 and an inductance L, the inductance L and resonance frequency f0 satisfying the following relation:
- ln (L)=A0+A1×
ln (f0), where ln is a natural logarithm, and A0 and A1 are constants and further wherein the helical antenna comprises a substrate having a surface, the conductor being disposed spirally on the surface of the dielectric substrate or in the substrate;
a power supply terminal provided on a portion of the surface of the substrate for applying voltage to the conductors the conductor having one end coupled to the power supply terminal and a second end left unconnected, the substrate comprising a base comprising a plurality of layers stacked on top of each others the stacked layers establishing a direction normal to the stacked layers, the conductor disposed spirally such that the conductor has a spiral axis extending perpendicular to the direction normal to the stacked layers.
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Accused Products
Abstract
A helical antenna is provided in which a predetermined resonance frequency can be determined at the design stage. The helical antenna includes a conductor which is formed from copper or a copper alloy inside a base in the shape of a rectangular parallelopiped formed from a dielectric material having barium oxide, aluminum oxide and silica as main constituents and which is wound in a helical shape along the length of the base. In such a case, the resonance frequency f0 of the helical antenna and the inductance components L of the conductor satisfy the relationship: ln (L)=A0+A1×ln (f0), where ln is a natural logarithm, and A0 and A1 are constants. One end of the conductor is extended onto the surface of the base and forms a power feeding terminal connected to a power feeding terminal formed on the surface of the base for applying a voltage to the conductor, and the other end thereof forms a free end inside the base.
25 Citations
20 Claims
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1. A helical antenna comprising a conductor having a helical shape, the conductor having a resonance frequency f0 and an inductance L, the inductance L and resonance frequency f0 satisfying the following relation:
- ln (L)=A0+A1×
ln (f0), where ln is a natural logarithm, and A0 and A1 are constants and further wherein the helical antenna comprises a substrate having a surface, the conductor being disposed spirally on the surface of the dielectric substrate or in the substrate;
a power supply terminal provided on a portion of the surface of the substrate for applying voltage to the conductors the conductor having one end coupled to the power supply terminal and a second end left unconnected, the substrate comprising a base comprising a plurality of layers stacked on top of each others the stacked layers establishing a direction normal to the stacked layers, the conductor disposed spirally such that the conductor has a spiral axis extending perpendicular to the direction normal to the stacked layers. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13)
- ln (L)=A0+A1×
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14. A method for making a helical antenna having a desired resonance frequency f0, the method comprising the steps of:
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forming a conductor on or in a base in a helical shape and determining structural parameters of the conductor to obtain the desired resonance frequency f0, the structural parameters comprising a winding cross-section S of the conductor, a number n of windings of the conductor and a coil length a of the conductor based upon the following relationships; L=K×
μ
×
S×
(n2 /a), where K is the Nagaoka coefficient, μ
is the magnetic permeability of the base and L is the inductance of the conductor, the Nagaoka coefficient being defined as K=1/(1+0.9 r/a-0.02 (r/a)2) where r is the radius of the coil and a is the coil length; andln (L)=A0+A1×
ln (f0), where A0 and A1 are coefficients determined by the dielectric material of the base, and further wherein the base of the helical antenna comprises a substrate having a surface, the conductor being disposed spirally on the surface of the substrate or in the substrate;
a power supply terminal provided on a portion of the surface of the substrate for applying voltage to the conductor, the conductor having one end coupled to the power supply terminal and a second end left unconnected, the substrate comprising a plurality of layers stacked on top of each other, the stacked layers establishing a direction normal to the stacked layers, the conductor disposed spirally such that it has a spiral axis extending perpendicular to the direction normal to the stacked layers. - View Dependent Claims (15)
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16. A method for forming a helical antenna having a desired resonance frequency f0 comprising forming a conductor into a helical shape on a base of dielectric material, the conductor having an inductance L wherein the inductance L satisfies a relationship ln (L)=A0+A1×
- ln (f0) where A0 and A1 are constants determined by the dielectric material, and further wherein the base of dielectric material has a surface, the conductor being disposed spirally on the surface of the base or in the base;
a power supply terminal provided on a portion of the surface of the base for applying voltage to the conductor, the conductor having one end coupled to the power supply terminal and a second end left unconnected, the base comprising a plurality of layers stacked on top of each other, the stacked layers establishing a direction normal to the stacked layers, the conductor disposed spirally such that it has a spiral axis extending perpendicular to the direction normal to the stacked layers. - View Dependent Claims (17, 18)
- ln (f0) where A0 and A1 are constants determined by the dielectric material, and further wherein the base of dielectric material has a surface, the conductor being disposed spirally on the surface of the base or in the base;
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19. A method for determining structural parameters of a helical antenna given a desired resonance frequency f0, the method comprising:
determining a winding cross-section S, coil length a and number of winding turns n of a conductor of the helical antenna based on the formula;
space="preserve" listing-type="equation">n={(e.sup.A0 ×
f0.sup.A1)/(μ
×
S)}.sup.1/2 ×
(a/K).sup.1/2 whereA0 and A1 are constants determined by a dielectric material through which the conductor traverses, e is the dielectric constant of the dielectric material, μ
is the magnetic permeability of the dielectric material and K is the Nagaoka coefficient, the Nagaoka coefficient being defined as K=1/(1+0.9 r/a-0.02 (r/a)2) where r is the radius of the coil and a is the coil length; and
further wherein the helical antenna comprises a dielectric substrate having a surface, the conductor being disposed spirally on the surface of the dielectric substrate or in the substrate;
a power supply terminal provided on a portion of the surface of the dielectric substrate for applying voltage to the conductor, the conductor having one end coupled to the power supply terminal and a second end left unconnected, the dielectric substrate comprising a plurality of layers stacked on top of each others the stacked layers establishing a direction normal to the stacked layers, the conductor disposed spirally such that it has a spiral axis extending perpendicular to the direction normal to the stacked layers.
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20. A method for making a helical antenna having a defined resonance frequency f0 and bandwidth W, the method comprising the steps of:
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choosing a winding cross section S of the helical antenna, a number n of turns of the winding of the antenna and a coil length a of the helical antenna according to the equations; L=K×
μ
×
S×
(n2 /a) where K is the Nagaoka coefficient, n is the magnetic permeability of the material through what the winding traverses; and
L is the inductance the Nagaoka coefficient being defined as K=1/(1+0.9 r/a-0.02 (r/a)2) where r is the radius of the coil and a is the coil length;ln (L)=A0+A1×
ln (f0) where A0 and A1 are constants determined by the material through which the winding traverses; andW/f0=B0+B1×
(A/λ
) where B0 and B1 are constants determined by the material through which the winding traverses and λ
is the wavelength; and
further wherein the helical antenna comprises a substrate having a surface, the winding comprising a conductor disposed spirally on the surface of the substrate or in the substrate;
a power supply terminal provided on a portion of the surface of the substrate for applying voltage to the conductor, the conductor having one end coupled to the power supply terminal and a second end left unconnected, the substrate comprising a plurality of layers stacked on top of each other, the stacked layers establishing a direction normal to the stacked layers, the conductor disposed spirally such that it has a spiral axis extending perpendicular to the direction normal to the stacked layers.
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Specification