Battery system and electric motor vehicle using the battery system with charge equalizing features

• US 5,905,360 A
• Filed: 08/21/1997
• Issued: 05/18/1999
• Est. Priority Date: 08/22/1996
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha (Toyota Motor Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha (Toyota Motor Corporation)
• Inventors: Ukita, Susumu
• Primary Examiner(s): Tso, Edward H.
• Application Number:
  US08/915,595
• Time in Patent Office: 635 Days
• Field of Search: 320/103, 320/104, 320/116, 320/118, 320/121, 320/122, 320/134, 320/136, 320/162, 320/FOR 105, 320/FOR 116, 320/FOR 138, 320/FOR 142
• US Class Current: 320/118
• CPC Class Codes: B60K 6/28 characterised by the electric energy storing means, e.g. batteries or capacitors
• CPC Class Codes: B60K 6/46 Series type
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2200/26 Rail vehicles
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2250/16 by display
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 50/61 by batteries charged by engine-driven generators, e.g. series hybrid electric vehicles
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 58/14 Preventing excessive discharging
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 58/15 Preventing overcharging
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 58/18 of two or more battery modules
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 58/20 having different nominal voltages
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 58/22 Balancing the charge of battery modules
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 10/08 including control of electric propulsion units, e.g. motors or generators
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 10/26 for electrical energy, e.g. batteries or capacitors
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/0014 Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/0019 using switched or multiplexed charge circuits
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/0048 Detection of remaining charge capacity or state of charge [SOC]
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/1415 with a generator driven by a prime mover other than the motor of a vehicle
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/62 Hybrid vehicles
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/70 Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/7072 Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 903/903 having energy storing means, e.g. battery, capacitor
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 903/907 : Electricity storage, e.g. battery, capacitor

Abstract

In an electric motor vehicle, a bidirectional boosting converter is placed in a battery circuit. A main contactor is turned off to disconnect one battery block from another and contactors are turned on to connect a first battery block to one terminal pair of the bidirectional boosting converter and to connect a second battery block to another terminal pair of the bidirectional boosting converter. A refreshing discharge of the first battery block or an equalizing charge of the second battery block is performed by boosting output of the first battery block and using this output to charge the second battery block. The boosting direction of the bidirectional boosting converter is changed to perform an equalizing charge of the first battery block or a refreshing discharge of the second battery block. The boosting direction is changed again to balance battery block SOCs, these by eliminating need for a charging device for equalizing charge or a discharging device for refreshing discharge.

Claims

1. An electric motor vehicle comprising:

a battery block set including battery blocks connectable in series and each having an electromotive force, each battery block having more than one battery cell connected in series;

a vehicle propelling motor-generator configured to supply electric power to, and receive electric power from, the battery block set;

means for determining whether a predetermined executing condition of at least one of an equalizing charge operation and a refresh discharge operation is met concerning said battery block set; and

means for performing, in order to achieve a predetermined equalized state of charge between the more than one battery cell in each battery block, the at least one of the equalizing charge operation and the refresh discharge operation for each battery block by sequentially performing a forced charge transfer operation from one battery block to another battery block for each of said battery blocks, when the predetermined executing condition is met and there is no need to supply or receive electric power between said battery blocks and said vehicle propelling motor-generator.

2. An electric motor vehicle according to claim 1, further comprising:

means for eliminating a significant difference of states of charge between said battery blocks by sequentially performing the forced charge transfer from one battery block to another battery block for each of the battery blocks after the at least one of the equalizing charge operation and the refresh discharge operation is performed for every battery block is completed.

3. An electric motor vehicle according to claim 1, further comprising:

means for eliminating a significant difference of states of charge between said battery blocks which appears during traveling by sequentially performing the forced charge transfer from one battery block to another battery block for each of said battery blocks when a need arises for supplying or receiving electric power between said battery blocks and said vehicle propelling motor-generator is-removed or when there occurs a change for a temporary stoppage of supplying or receiving electric power between said battery blocks and said vehicle propelling motor-generator.

4. An electric motor vehicle according to claim 1, further comprising:

means for notifying a driver, prior to an execution of the at least one of the equalizing charge operation and the refresh discharge operation, of a time necessary for said execution, so as to obtain permission therefor; and

means for performing the at least one equalizing charge operation and the refresh discharge operation if permission is obtained, and for prohibiting the at least one of a equalizing charge operation and the refresh discharge operation if permission is not obtained.

5. An electric motor vehicle according to claim 1, further having:

a variable output electric power source for providing electric power at an output thereof to said battery block set when the respective battery blocks are connected to each other in series;

means for controlling the output of said variable output electric power source so that states of charge of the battery blocks connected to each other in series are always within a target range, when a need arises to supply or receive electric power between the battery blocks and the vehicle propelling motor-generator; and

means for setting said target range close to the predetermined equalized state of charge when the output of said variable output electric power source being controlled and the predetermined executing condition being met.

6. An electric motor vehicle according to claim 1, further comprising:

a variable output electric power source for providing electric power at an output thereof to the battery blocks, the battery blocks being connected in series;

means for controlling output of said variable output electric power source so that a state of charge of battery blocks connected in series is always within a target range when a need arises to exchange electric power between the battery blocks and the vehicle propelling motor-generator; and

means for setting said target range when there is a significant difference in states of charge between said battery blocks so that the target range occupies a minute range which includes an average state of charge of said battery blocks.

7. A battery system comprising:

a battery block set including battery blocks connectable in series and each having an electromotive force, each battery block having more than one battery cell connected in series;

a vehicle propelling motor-generator configured to supply electric power to and receive electric power from the battery block set;

means for determining whether a predetermined executing condition of at least one of an equalizing charge operation and a refreshing discharge operation is met concerning said battery block set; and

means for performing, in order to achieve a predetermined refreshed state of charge between the more than one battery cell in each battery block, the at least one of an equalizing charge operation and the refreshing discharge operation for each battery block by sequentially performing a forced charge transfer operation from one battery block to another battery block for each of said battery blocks, when the predetermined executing condition is met and there being no need to supply or receive electric power between said one battery block and the another battery block and said vehicle propelling motor generator.

8. A battery system according to claim 7, further comprising:

means for eliminating a significant difference of states of charge between said battery blocks by sequentially performing the forced charge transfer from one battery block to another battery block for each of the battery blocks after the at least one of an equalizing charge operation and the refreshing discharge operation for every battery block is completed.

9. A battery system according to claim 7, further comprising:

means for eliminating a significant difference of states of charge between said battery blocks when traveling by sequentially performing forced charge transfers from battery block to battery block for each of said battery blocks when a need arises for giving and receiving electric power between said battery blocks and said vehicle propelling motor-generator is removed or when there occurs room for a temporary stoppage of giving and receiving of electric power between said battery blocks and said vehicle propelling motor-generator.

10. A battery system according to claim 7, further comprising:

means for notifying a driver of an electric motor vehicle, prior to an execution of the at least one of the equalizing charge operation and the refreshing discharge operation, of a time necessary for said execution, so as to obtain permission therefor; and

means for performing the at least one of the equalizing charge operation and the refreshing discharge operation if permission is obtained, and for prohibiting the at least one of the equalizing charge operation and the refreshing discharge operation if permission is not obtained.

11. A battery system according to claim 7, further comprising:

a variable output electric power source for providing electric power at an output thereof to said battery block set when the respective battery blocks are connected in series;

means for controlling the output of said variable output electric power source so that states of charge of the battery blocks connected to each other in series are always within a target range when there exists a need to supply and receive electric power between the battery blocks and the vehicle propelling motor-generator; and

means for setting said target range close to the predetermined refreshed state of charge, when the output of said variable output electric power source is controlled and the predetermined executing condition is met.

12. A battery system according to claim 7, further comprising:

a variable output electric power source for providing electric power at an output thereof to said battery blocks connected in series;

means for controlling output of said variable output electric power source so that a state of charge of said battery blocks connected in series is always within a target range when a need arises to exchange electric power between the battery blocks and the vehicle propelling motor-generator; and

means for setting said target range when there exists a significant difference in states of charge between said battery blocks so that the target range occupies a minute range which includes an average state of charge of said battery blocks.

13. An electric motor vehicle comprising:

a battery block set including battery blocks connectable in series and each having an electromotive force, each battery block having more than one battery cell connected in series;

a vehicle propelling motor-generator configured to supply electric power to, and receive electric power from, the battery block set; and

an electronic control unit configured to determine whether a predetermined executing condition of at least one of an equalizing charge operation and a refresh operation is met concerning said battery block set,

said electronic control unit being configured to control the at least one of an equalizing charge operation and a refresh operation by sequentially performing a forced charge transfer operation from one battery block to another battery block for each of said battery blocks, when the electronic control unit determines that the predetermined executing condition is met and there is no need to supply or receive electric power between said battery blocks and said vehicle propelling motor-generator, said forced charge transfer operation achieving a predetermined equalized state of charge between the more than one battery cell in each battery block.

14. An electric motor vehicle according to claim 13, wherein:

said electronic control unit being configured to eliminate a significant difference of states of charge between said battery blocks by sequentially performing the forced charge transfer from one battery block to another battery block for each of the battery blocks after controlling the at least one of an equalizing charge operation and the refreshing discharge operation for every battery block.

15. An electric motor vehicle according to claim 13, wherein:

said electronic control unit being configured to eliminate the significant difference of states of charge between said battery blocks when traveling by sequentially performing forced charge transfers from battery block to battery block for each of said battery blocks when a need arises for giving and receiving electric power between said battery blocks and said vehicle propelling motor-generator is removed or when there occurs room for a temporary stoppage of giving and receiving of electric power between said battery blocks and said vehicle propelling motor-generator.

16. An electric motor vehicle according to claim 13, wherein:

said electronic control unit being configured to notify a driver, prior to an execution of the at least one of the equalizing charge operation and the refreshing discharge operation, of a time necessary for said execution, so as to obtain permission therefor; and

said electronic control unit being configured to perform the at least one of an equalizing charge operation and the refreshing discharge operation if permission is obtained, and for prohibiting the at least one of the equalizing charge operation and the refreshing discharge operation if permission is not obtained.

17. An electric motor vehicle according to claim 13, further comprising:

a variable output electric power source configured to provide electric power at an output thereof to said battery block set when the respective battery blocks are connected in series, wherein

said electronic control unit being configured to control the output of said variable output electric power source so that states of charge of the battery blocks connected to each other in series are always within a target range when there exists a need to supply and receive electric power between the battery blocks and the vehicle propelling motor-generator, and

said electronic control unit being configured to set said target range close to the predetermined refreshed state of charge, when the output of said variable output electric power source is controlled and the predetermined executing condition is met.

18. An electric motor vehicle according to claim 13, further comprising:

a variable output electric power source configured to provide electric power at an output thereof to said battery blocks connected in series, wherein

said electronic control unit being configured to control said variable output electric power source so that a state of charge of said battery blocks connected in series is always within a target range when a need arises to exchange electric power between the battery blocks and the vehicle propelling motor-generator, and

said electronic control unit being configured to set said target range when there exists a significant difference in states of charge between said battery blocks so that the target range occupies a minute range which includes an average state of charge of said battery blocks.