Method and apparatus for temporarily interconnecting an unmanned aerial vehicle

• US 5,906,336 A
• Filed: 11/14/1997
• Issued: 05/25/1999
• Est. Priority Date: 11/14/1997
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Donald Eckstein
• Original Assignee: Donald Eckstein
• Inventors: Eckstein, Donald
• Primary Examiner(s): Jordan, Charles T.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Ducker, Jr., Charles R.
• Application Number:
  US08/970,559
• Time in Patent Office: 557 Days
• Field of Search: 244/1 TD, 244/135 A, 244/139, 244/161, 244/3.13, 244/3.14, 244/3.16, 244/3.17
• US Class Current: 244/135.00A
• CPC Class Codes: B64D 39/00 Refuelling during flight filling or emptying fuel tanks B64D37/14
• CPC Class Codes: B64U 2101/30 for imaging, photography or videography

Abstract

An apparatus and method for aerial refueling of an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) wherein a laser receiver/transmitter on a target device towed by a host aircraft projects a reticle pattern aft of the host aircraft and a laser receiver/transmitter on a probe of the UAV is activated as the UAV is moved within the projected reticle pattern. Thereafter, a rangefinder guides the UAV towards the host aircraft until the laser transmitter/receiver of the UAV is aligned and boresighted with the laser transmitter/receiver of the host aircraft at which time the mode of the laser transmitter/receiver of the UAV alternates between a rangefinder mode and a modulation data link mode to transmit vital information concerning the UAV to the host aircraft. The probe on the UAV continues to move toward the drogue until the probe establishes contact within a receptacle structure of the drogue and is coupled thereto.

Claims

1. The method of interconnecting an airborne host aircraft having a trailing target drogue with a distal ring with a generally circular distalmost rim and a proximal generally circular receptacle structure, and a hose interconnecting the interior of the host aircraft and the receptacle structure of the drogue;

an airborne unmanned aircraft having a probe extending generally along the path of flight of the unmanned aircraft to a distal end and including sensor means to point distally of the probe toward a laser generated reticular pattern and an automatic target recognition algorithm means;

wherein the probe and the drogue are companionately sized and shaped for telescopic receipt of the probe within the receptacle structure of the drogue;

wherein the probe and drogue each include a laser transmitter/receiver means tuned to a specific frequency and wave length outside of the visible spectrum, each laser transmitter/receiver means being generally radially offset a common distance from the centerline of a) the drogue and receptacle structure and b) the probe, for boresighted alignment of the laser transmitter/receivers when the probe is telescopically received in the receptacle structure;

wherein the laser transmitter/receiver means of the unmanned aircraft includes switch means to transfer to and from the transmitter and receiver mode and the receiver mode includes a rangefinder mode adapted to determine when the probe is within the reticle pattern and the distance of the distal end of the probe from the drogue; and

automatic target recognition algorithm means to determine exactly where in the projected laser reticle beam the distal end of the probe is located; and

wherein the laser transmitter/receiver of the target drogue includes a projection lens means to generate a laser beam which expands aft of the drogue in a graduated cone-shaped reticle pattern of a predetermined expansion ratio and a pulse code modulation data link mode to transmit vital unmanned aircraft information such as altitude, heading, airspeed, rate of closure, fuel status, fuel onload desired, and major systems status to the host aircraft;

said method comprising the steps of;

activating the laser receiver/transmitter means of the target drogue and projecting a reticle pattern expanded aft of the host aircraft;

activating the receiver mode of the laser receiver/transmitter of the unmanned vehicle;

moving the unmanned vehicle relative to the host aircraft until the unmanned aircraft is within the projected laser reticle pattern;

simultaneously,

a) activating the rangefinder mode of the laser receiver/transmitter of the unmanned aircraft, and

b) moving the unmanned aircraft within the pattern toward and into alignment of the laser transmitter/receiver of the unmanned vehicle and the laser transmitter/receiver of the host aircraft;

accelerating the movement of the unmanned vehicle at a predetermined slow rate of approach to the host aircraft;

switching the mode of the laser transmitter/receiver of the unmanned vehicle into a timeshare mode where part of the time the transmitter operates in the rangefinder mode, and another part of the time it operates in the post modulation data link mode to transmit vital information concerning the unmanned aircraft such as altitude, heading, airspeed, rate of closure, fuel status, fuel onload desired, and major systems status to the host aircraft;

establishing probe contact within the receptacle structure of the target drogue; and

coupling and maintaining the coupling of the probe and drogue receptacle structure.

2. The method as set forth in claim 1 wherein the probe and drogue are provided with mutually interengaging means to selectively lock the probe of the unmanned aircraft in the receptacle structure of the drogue of the host aircraft to couple the host aircraft and the unmanned aircraft in towing relation of the unmanned aircraft.

3. The method as set forth in claim 1 wherein the sensor means are electro optical means.

4. The method as set forth in claim 1 wherein the sensor means are infrared detection means.

5. The method as set forth in claim 1 wherein the sensor means are radar means.

6. The method as set forth in claim 1 wherein the sensor means are a combination of electro optical means, infrared means, and radar means.

7. The method as set forth in claim 1 wherein the target drogue of the host aircraft includes a thermal imaging camera means to monitor the approach of the unmanned aircraft and wherein the method includes the step of transmitting images from the thermal imaging camera means to the host aircraft and displaying the images in the host aircraft.

8. The method as set forth in claim 7 wherein the image of the thermal imaging camera means displayed in the host aircraft is displayed with flight data of the unmanned aircraft and the host aircraft.

9. A drogue for interconnection with the distal end of a hose, said drogue comprising:

an enlarged, generally circular ring having a distalmost rim;

a plurality of equi-angularly spaced spokes each having a distal end connected to the ring and each converging at a uniform angle to a proximal receptacle structure;

said receptacle structure interconnecting the proximal ends and being adapted to interconnect with the end of a hose; and

a laser transmitter/receiver means carried by the drogue including a lens means to generate and transmit a reticular pattern aft of the rim and with said pattern converging to a confluence at said drogue.

11. A drogue as set forth in claim 9 and a companionate elongate probe extending from an aircraft in the general direction of its flight path for interconnecting with a receptacle structure within a drogue, said probe comprising an elongate tubular length and including a laser transmitter/receiver means.

12. A drogue and companionate elongate probe as set forth in claim 11 including hose means extending from said receptacle structure and mutually intercooperating means on said drogue and probe to engage and releasably lock said probe and drogue together as a unit, said hose means having reinforcing means to increase the strength of said hose means.

10. An elongate probe extending from an aircraft in the general direction of its flight path for interconnecting with a receptacle structure within a drogue, said probe comprising an elongate tubular length and including a laser transmitter/receiver means including switch means to select between the transmitter and receiver mode.