Method and apparatus for decision directed demodulation using antenna arrays and spatial processing

• US 5,909,470 A
• Filed: 10/11/1996
• Issued: 06/01/1999
• Est. Priority Date: 10/11/1996
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Intel Corporation
• Original Assignee: ArrayComm LLC (Ygomi LLC)
• Inventors: Farzaneh, Farhad, Barratt, Craig H., Parish, David M.
• Primary Examiner(s): Ghebretinsae, Temesghen
• Application Number:
  US08/729,390
• Time in Patent Office: 963 Days
• Field of Search: 375/326, 375/347, 375/348, 375/346, 375/324, 343/879, 343/893, 370/310
• US Class Current: 375/324
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 1/06 using space diversity
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 2027/003 at baseband only
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 2027/0046 Open loops
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 2027/0095 in a preamble or similar structure
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 27/2332 using a non-coherent carrier

Abstract

A method and apparatus for generating a reference signal for use in an alternating projection loop which is part of demodulation in a base station of a wireless communication system, the reference signal relaxed to minimize the effects of frequency offset and amplitude variations, the base station including an array of antennas. The alternating projection loop demodulates in the presence of co-channel interference and includes correction for time alignment and/or frequency offset.

Claims

1. In a wireless communication system including at least one base station and at least one remote terminal of a set of remote terminals, said base station comprising an array of antennas, a method for demodulating a modulated signal transmitted by a particular remote station to produce a reference remote terminal transmission signal, said method implemented at said at least one base station, said modulated signal modulated at symbol points by a modulation scheme that has a finite symbol alphabet, each distinct antenna of the array of antennas receiving a corresponding received signal, all the received signals forming a received signal vector, each received signal comprising signals from all the remote terminals of the set that are transmitting, the method comprising:

a) separating from the received signal vector a remote terminal signal corresponding to the particular remote terminal by using a spatial weight vector corresponding to the particular remote terminal, to form a particular terminal copy signal, said terminal copy signal comprising samples; and

b) for each symbol point

i) constructing an ideal signal from the particular terminal copy signal, the ideal signal having said modulation scheme, the amplitude and phase of the ideal signal determined from the amplitude and phase of said terminal copy signal, with the ideal signal set at the initial symbol point to be equal to said terminal copy signal at the initial symbol point; and

ii) relaxing the ideal signal towards said terminal copy signal, producing a reference remote terminal transmission signal.

2. The method of claim 1 wherein the alphabet of said modulation scheme includes symbols that have different amplitudes and wherein said step of relaxing relaxes the amplitude of the ideal signal towards the amplitude of said terminal copy signal, producing the reference remote terminal transmission signal.

3. The method of claim 2 wherein said step of relaxing the amplitude |b_ideal (n)| of the ideal signal b_ideal (n) towards the amplitude |b_N (n)| of said terminal copy signal b_N (n) corresponds to computing the amplitude |b_R (n)| of the reference remote terminal transmission signal b_R (n) as

4. The method of claim 1 wherein the alphabet of said modulation scheme includes symbols that have different phases and wherein said step of relaxing relaxes the phase of the ideal signal towards the phase of said terminal copy signal, producing the reference remote terminal transmission signal.

5. The method of claim 4, wherein the relaxing step (b)(ii) relaxes the phase ∠

b_ideal (n) of the ideal signal b_ideal (n) towards the phase ∠

b_N (n) of said terminal copy signal b_N (n) by an amount dependent on the difference between the ideal signal phase ∠

b_ideal (n) and the terminal copy signal phase ∠

b_N (n).

6. The method of claim 5 wherein said step of relaxing the phase ∠

b_ideal (n) of the ideal signal b_ideal (n) towards the phase ∠

b_N (n) of said terminal copy signal b_N (n) corresponds to computing the phase ∠

b_R (n) of the reference remote terminal transmission signal b_R (n) as

space="preserve" listing-type="equation">∠

b.sub.R (n)=α

∠

b.sub.ideal (n)+(1-α

)∠

b.sub.N (n)

where 0<

α

<

1.

7. The method of claim 4 wherein said modulation scheme is phase shift keying.

8. The method of claim 7, wherein

the modulation scheme is differential phase shift keying, the ideal signal construction step (b)(i) constructs the ideal signal phase by advancing the phase of the reference remote terminal transmission signal at the previous symbol point of the reference remote terminal transmission signal by a modulation scheme dependent amount determined by the difference between the terminal copy signal phase and the phase of the reference remote terminal transmission signal at the previous symbol point of the reference remote terminal transmission signal, and the relaxing step (b)(ii) relaxes the phase ∠

b_ideal (n) of the ideal signal b_ideal (n) towards the phase ∠

b_N (n) of said terminal copy signal b_N (n) by an amount dependent on the difference between the ideal signal phase ∠

b_ideal (n) and the terminal copy signal phase ∠

b_N (n).

9. The method of claim 8 wherein said step of relaxing the phase ∠

b_ideal (n) of the ideal signal b_ideal (n) towards the phase ∠

b_N (n) of said terminal copy signal b_N (n) corresponds to computing the phase ∠

b_R (n) of the reference remote terminal transmission signal b_R (n) as

space="preserve" listing-type="equation">∠

b.sub.R (n)=α

∠

b.sub.ideal (n)+(1-α

)∠

b.sub.N (n)

where 0<

α

<

1.

10. The method of claim 4 wherein said modulation scheme is QAM and each symbol in said alphabet has a distinct phase.

11. In a wireless communication system including at least one base station and at least one remote terminal of a set of remote terminals, said base station comprising an array of antennas, a method for demodulating a modulated signal transmitted by a particular remote station to produce a demodulated remote terminal transmission signal, said method implemented at said at least one base station, said modulated signal modulated by a modulation scheme that has a finite symbol alphabet, each distinct antenna of the array of antennas receiving a corresponding received signal, all the received signals forming a received signal vector, each received signal comprising signals from all the remote terminals of the set that are transmitting, the method comprising:

a) down-converting the received signal vector;

b) estimating the time alignment and frequency offset of the received signal vector;

c) separating from the received signal vector a remote terminal signal corresponding to the particular remote terminal by using an initial spatial weight vector corresponding to the particular remote terminal, said separating including correcting for time alignment and frequency offset using the estimated time alignment and frequency offset, said separating forming a corrected terminal copy signal;

d) demodulating the corrected terminal copy signal to produce a demodulated signal; and

e) performing at least once

e1) synthesizing a reference signal from the demodulated signal;

e2) computing a new spatial weight vector by minimizing a prescribed cost function, said cost function dependent on said reference signal; and

e3) performing steps (c) and (d) using in step (c) the last determined new spatial weight vector instead of the initial spatial weight vector.

12. The method of claim 11 wherein step (e.3) further comprises performing step (b).

13. The method of claim 11 wherein step (c) further comprises

c.1) applying the estimated time alignment and frequency offset as corrections to the received signal vector to form a corrected signal vector;

and

c.2) separating from the corrected signal vector the corrected terminal copy signal by using the initial spatial weight vector corresponding to the particular remote terminal.

14. The method of claim 11 wherein step (c) further comprises

c1) separating from the received signal vector a particular terminal copy signal corresponding to the particular remote terminal by using the initial spatial weight vector corresponding to the particular remote terminal;

and

c2) applying the estimated frequency offset as corrections said particular terminal copy signal to form a frequency corrected terminal copy signal.

15. In a demodulation method implemented on a base station of a wireless system which includes one or more base stations and one or more remote terminals of a set of remote terminals, said base station comprising and array of antennas, the method demodulating a modulated signal transmitted by a particular remote terminal to produce a demodulated remote terminal transmission signal, said modulated signal modulated by a modulation scheme that has a finite symbol alphabet, each distinct antenna of the array receiving a corresponding received signal, all the received signals forming a received signal vector, each received signal receiving signals from all the remote terminals of the set transmitting, the method including an alternating projection loop which includes the steps of:

a) down-converting the received signal vector;

b) separating from a signal vector derived from the received signal vector a remote terminal signal corresponding to the particular remote terminal to form a particular terminal copy signal;

c) determining an ideal reference signal from the particular terminal copy signal;

d) determining a spatial weight vector from the ideal reference signal; and

e) performing steps (b), (c) and (d) at least once, step (b) using the latest spatial weight vector determined in step (d),

the improvement comprising

using in step (d) a relaxed reference signal which has been relaxed from the ideal reference signal towards the particular terminal copy signal.

16. In a demodulation method implemented on a base station of a wireless system which includes one or more base stations and one or more remote terminals of a set of remote terminals, said base station comprising an array of antennas, the method demodulating a modulated signal transmitted by a particular remote terminal to produce a demodulated remote terminal transmission signal, said modulated signal modulated by a modulation scheme that has a finite symbol alphabet, some of said symbols having different phases, each distinct antenna of the array receiving a corresponding received signal, all the received signals forming a received signal vector, each received signal receiving signals from all the remote terminals of the set transmitting, the method including an alternating projection loop which includes the steps of:

a) down converting the received signal vector;

b) separating from a signal vector derived from the received signal vector a remote terminal signal corresponding to the particular remote terminal to form a particular terminal copy signal;

c) determining an ideal reference signal from the particular terminal copy signal;

d) determining a spatial weight vector from the ideal reference signal; and

e) performing steps (b), (c) and (d) at least once, step (b) using the latest spatial weight vector determined in step (d),

the improvement comprising

estimating the time alignment and frequency offset of the received signals, and using in step (d) a corrected reference signal which has been corrected for frequency offset and time alignment.

17. The improvement of claim 16 wherein the phase of the corrected reference signal used in step (d) has been relaxed from the phase of the ideal reference signal towards the phase of the particular terminal copy signal.

18. An apparatus for producing a reference signal in a base station for a wireless communication system, said system including at least one base station and at least one remote terminal of a set of remote terminals, the signal transmitted by a particular remote station modulated at symbol points by a modulation scheme that has a finite symbol alphabet, the base station including an array of antennas, each antenna receiving a corresponding received signal, all the received signals forming a received signal vector;

each received signal comprising signals from all the remote terminals of the set that are transmitting, said apparatus comprising;

a) means for separating from the received signal vector a remote terminal signal corresponding to a particular remote terminal which is transmitting, said separating means using a spatial weight vector corresponding to the particular remote terminal, to form a particular terminal copy signal, said terminal copy signal comprising samples; and

b) a demodulator for produce a reference remote terminal transmission signal, said demodulator comprising;

i) means for constructing an ideal signal from the particular terminal copy signal, the ideal signal having said modulation scheme, the amplitude and phase of the ideal signal determined from the amplitude and phase of said terminal copy signal, with the ideal signal set at the initial symbol point to be equal to said terminal copy signal at the initial symbol point; and

ii) means for relaxing the ideal reference signal towards said terminal copy signal, producing the reference remote terminal transmission signal.

19. The apparatus of claim 18 wherein the alphabet of said modulation scheme includes symbols that have different amplitudes and wherein said relaxing means relaxes the amplitude of the ideal signal towards the amplitude of said terminal copy signal, producing the reference remote terminal transmission signal.

20. The apparatus of claim 19 wherein said means for relaxing the amplitude |b_ideal (n)| of the ideal signal b_ideal (n) towards the amplitude |b_N (n)| of said terminal copy signal b_N (n) includes means for computing the amplitude |b_R (n)| of the reference remote terminal transmission signal b_R (n) as

21. The apparatus of claim 18 wherein the alphabet of said modulation scheme includes symbols that have different phases and wherein said relaxing means relaxes the phase of the ideal signal towards the phase of said terminal copy signal, producing the reference remote terminal transmission signal.

22. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein the means for relaxing relaxes the phase ∠

b_ideal (n) of the ideal signal b_ideal (n) towards the phase ∠

b_N (n) of the terminal copy signal b_N (n) by an amount dependent on the difference between the ideal signal phase ∠

b_ideal (n) and the terminal copy signal phase ∠

b_N (n).

23. The apparatus of claim 22 wherein said means for relaxing the phase ∠

b_ideal (n) of the ideal signal b_ideal (n) towards the phase ∠

b_N (n) of said terminal copy signal b_N (n) includes means for computing the phase ∠

b_R (n) of the reference remote terminal transmission signal b_R (n) as

space="preserve" listing-type="equation">∠

b.sub.R (n)=α

∠

b.sub.ideal (n)+(1-α

)∠

b.sub.N (n)

where 0<

α

<

1.

24. The apparatus of claim 21 wherein said modulation scheme is phase shift keying.

25. The apparatus of claim 24, wherein

the modulation scheme is differential phase shift keying, the means for ideal signal constructing constructs the ideal signal phase by advancing the phase of the reference remote terminal transmission signal at the previous symbol point of the reference remote terminal transmission signal by a modulation scheme dependent amount determined by the difference between the terminal copy signal phase and the phase of the reference remote terminal transmission signal at the previous symbol point of the reference remote terminal transmission signal, and the means for relaxing relaxes the phase ∠

b_ideal (n) of the ideal signal b_ideal (n) towards the phase ∠

b_N (n) of the terminal copy signal b_N (n) by an amount dependent on the difference between the ideal signal phase ∠

b_ideal (n) and the terminal copy signal phase ∠

b_N (n).

26. The apparatus of claim 25 wherein said step of relaxing the phase

∠

b_ideal (n) of the ideal signal b_ideal (n) towards the phase ∠

b_N (n) of said terminal copy signal b_N (n) corresponds to computing the phase ∠

b_R (n) of the reference remote terminal transmission signal b_R (n) as

space="preserve" listing-type="equation">∠

b.sub.R (n)=α

∠

b.sub.ideal (n)+(1-α

)∠

b.sub.N (n)

where 0<

α

<

1.

27. The apparatus of claim 21 wherein said modulation scheme is QAM and each symbol in said alphabet has a distinct phase.

28. An apparatus for demodulating a modulated signal transmitted by a particular remote station to produce a demodulated remote terminal transmission signal in a wireless communication system, said system including at least one base station and at least one remote terminal of a set of remote terminals, said base station comprising an array of antennas, said apparatus in said at least one base station, said modulated signal modulated by a modulation scheme that has a finite symbol alphabet, each distinct antenna of the array of antennas receiving a corresponding received signal, all the received signals forming a received signal vector, each received signal comprising signals from all the remote terminals of the set that are transmitting, the apparatus comprising:

a) a down-converter for downconverting the received signal vector;

b) means for estimating the time alignment and frequency offset of the received signal vector;

c) means for separating from the received signal vector a remote terminal signal corresponding to the particular remote terminal, said separating means using an initial spatial weight vector corresponding to the particular remote terminal, said separating means comprising means for correcting for time alignment and frequency offset using the estimated time alignment and frequency offset, said separating means forming a corrected terminal copy signal;

d) a demodulator for demodulating the corrected terminal copy signal to produce a demodulated signal;

e) means synthesizing a reference signal from the demodulated signal; and

f) means for computing a new spatial weight vector by minimizing a prescribed cost function, said cost function dependent on said reference signal.