Sensor for count and tamper detection

• US 5,910,774 A
• Filed: 09/12/1997
• Issued: 06/08/1999
• Est. Priority Date: 09/18/1996
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Itron, Inc.
• Original Assignee: Itron, Inc.
• Inventors: Capriotti, Roberto, Rahman, Mizanur
• Primary Examiner(s): Wu, Daniel J.
• Application Number:
  US08/928,839
• Time in Patent Office: 634 Days
• Field of Search: 340/635, 340/637, 340/657, 340/568.1, 340/870.02, 324/110, 324/142
• US Class Current: 340/637
• CPC Class Codes: G01F 15/007 comprising means to prevent fraud
• CPC Class Codes: G01F 15/066 involving magnetic transmission devices
• CPC Class Codes: G01R 22/066 Arrangements for avoiding or indicating fraudulent use

Abstract

A sensor assembly and method of forming the sensor assembly for sensing count and tamper, where the count is related to an energy field having a gradient along an axis of sensitivity and where the tamper is related to a static energy field and where the energy comprising the static energy field is the same type as the energy comprising the energy field having a gradient, includes an energy gradient detector that has at least a first sensor spaced apart from and communicably coupled to a second sensor along the axis of sensitivity. A static energy detector that has at least a first shielded sensor, the shielded sensor being substantially shielded from the energy field having a gradient and from the static energy field. A second unshielded sensor is communicably coupled to the shielded sensor. The invention further includes a method of detecting a spatially varying magnetic field.

Claims

1. In a meter having a spatially varying magnetic field, the spatially varying magnetic field varying with respect to source and being related to a count of usage of a metered product, a sensor for sensing count and tamper, comprising:

a count sensor disposed proximate the source of the spatially varying magnetic field for the detection of gradiations of the spatially varying magnetic field, said count sensor being substantially unaffected by a static magnetic field over a certain range of field strength; and

a tamper sensor disposed proximate the count sensor within the spatially varying magnetic field for the detection of a tampering static magnetic field applied external to the meter.

2. A sensor as claimed in claim 1 wherein the count sensor and the tamper sensor are formed integrated in a single semiconductor circuit disposed on a single chip.

3. A sensor as claimed in claim 1 wherein the count sensor counts gradiations of the spatially varying magnetic field even in the presence of a tampering static magnetic field.

4. A sensor as claimed in claim 3 wherein the count sensor counts gradiations of the spatially varying magnetic field even in the presence of a tampering static magnetic field having a strength of between approximately 35 and 500 gauss.

5. A sensor as claimed in claim 3 wherein the count sensor has a certain saturation point defined as a certain field strength of a static magnetic field, the count sensor counting gradiations of the spatially varying magnetic field in the presence of a tampering static magnetic field having a strength of up to the saturation point of the count sensor.

6. A sensor as claimed in claim 1 wherein the count sensor and the tamper sensor exhibit giant magnetoresistive ratio characteristics.

7. A sensor as claimed in claim 5 wherein the count sensor has a sensitivity axis along which the count sensor is sensitive to a spatially varying magnetic field, the count sensor being so disposed with respect to the source of the spatially varying magnetic field that the orientation of the sensitivity axis is normal to a plane of gradiation of the spatially varying magnetic field.

8. A sensor as claimed in claim 7 wherein the count sensor is a gradiometer type sensor, being sensitive to dynamic magnetic fields having a gradiation and not being sensitive to a static magnetic field having a field strength that is less than a known saturation point of the count sensor.

9. A sensor as claimed in claim 5 wherein the count sensor and the tamper sensor each has a saturation point at a specific field strength, the saturation point of the count sensor and the tamper sensor being substantially equal.

10. A sensor as claimed in claim 9 wherein the count sensor and the tamper sensor are each integrated in a single semiconductor circuit, being formed integral on a single chip.

11. A sensor as claimed in claim 1 wherein the spatially varying magnetic field is caused by a magnet imbedded proximate the circumference of a rotating shaft, the count sensor being disposed spaced apart from and proximate the magnet at a point of closest approach of the magnet with respect to the sensor.

12. A sensor as claimed in claim 11, the magnet rotating in a plane of rotation, wherein the count sensor has a sensitive axis, the sensitive axis being disposed in an orthogonal relationship with respect to the plane of rotation of the magnet.

13. A sensor as claimed in claim 1 wherein the count sensor has a count range of magnetic field strengths in which a count is detected thereby and the tamper sensor has a tamper range of magnetic field strengths in which a tamper is detected thereby, the count range of magnetic field strengths and the tamper range of magnetic field strengths being substantially overlapped.

14. A sensor as claimed in claim 1 further comprising processor means being communicatively coupled to the count sensor for receiving communication therefrom related to consumption of the metered product and being communicatively coupled to the tamper sensor for receiving communication therefrom related to a tamper static magnetic field.

15. A sensor as claimed in claim 14 further comprising transmitting means being communicatively coupled to the processor means for receiving communication therefrom related to an electrical energy consumption and to a tamper static magnetic field, the transmitting means transmitting signals responsive to said communication to an external receiver, said signals being related to the electrical energy consumption and to the tamper static magnetic field.

16. A sensor as claimed in claim 15 wherein the transmitting means transmits said signals by means of radio frequency transmission through the atmosphere.

17. A sensor as claimed in claim 15 wherein the transmitting means is operably coupled to a telephone line and transmits said signals by means of transmission through said telephone line.

24. A sensor as claimed in claim 14 wherein the metered product is selected from a list of products consisting of:

1. natural gas;

2. electrical energy; and

18. A method of detecting a spatially varying magnetic field in a meter, the meter for metering a commodity consumption, the spatially varying magnetic field having an origin and varying about an axis, the axis being displaced from the origin of the spatially varying magnetic field, comprising the steps of:

disposing a gradiometer type sensor spaced apart from and proximate the origin of the spatially varying magnetic field, the sensor having a sensitivity axis ,the sensitivity axis being substantially normal to plane of variation of the spatially varying magnetic field, such that the sensor senses a magnetic field gradient, said magnetic field gradient being related to the commodity consumption; and

disposing a magnetometer type sensor proximate the gradiometer type sensor to sense the presence of an externally applied static magnetic field, said static field being imposed to tamper with the sensing of the commodity consumption.

19. The method of claim 18 further including the step of overlapping a count range of magnetic field strengths in which a count is detected by the gradiometer type sensor and a tamper range of magnetic field strengths in which a tamper is detected by the magnetometer type sensor.

20. The method of claim 19 further including the step of disposing the magnetometer type sensor proximate the gradiometer type sensor such that the magnetometer type sensor and the gradiometer type sensor are influenced by substantially the same field strength of the externally applied static magnetic field.

21. The method of claim 20 further including the step of transmitting signals related to the sensed commodity consumption and to the sensed tamper static magnetic field.

22. The method of claim 21 further including the step of transmitting said signals by means of radio frequency transmission through the atmosphere.

23. The method of claim 22 further including the step of transmitting said signals by means of transmission through a telephone line.

25. water.

27. The sensor assembly of claim 25 wherein the energy gradient detector and the static energy detector are formed on the same integrated circuit structure.

29. The sensor assembly of claim 25 wherein the energy gradient detector and the static energy detector have the characteristic of saturating at substantially the same strength of the energy field.

26. A sensor assembly for sensing count and tamper, said count being related to an energy field having a gradient along an axis of sensitivity and said tamper being related to a static energy field where the energy comprising the static energy field is the same type as the energy comprising the energy field having a gradient, the sensor assembly comprising:

an energy gradient detector having at least a first sensor spaced apart from and communicably coupled to a second sensor along the axis of sensitivity; and

a static energy detector having at least a first shielded sensor, the shielded sensor being substantially shielded from the energy field having a gradient and from the static energy field, and a second unshielded sensor being communicably coupled to said shielded sensor.

28. The sensor assembly of claim 26 wherein the integrated circuit structure has a length and a width dimensions, the length dimension being less than 200 mils and the width dimension being less than 40 mils.

30. A method of forming a sensor assembly for sensing count and tamper, said count being related to an energy field having a gradient along an axis of sensitivity and said tamper being related to a static energy field where the energy comprising the static energy field is the same type as the energy comprising the energy field having a gradient, the method comprising the steps of:

providing a substrate;

forming a first count sensor for sensing count on said substrate;

forming a second count sensor for sensing count on said substrate, said second count sensor being spaced apart from said first count;

forming a communication path communicatively coupling said first count sensor to said second count sensor;

forming a first tamper sensor for sensing tamper on said substrate, said first tamper sensor being disposed centered with respect to said first and said second count sensors;

forming a shield over said first tamper sensor for shielding said first tamper sensor from the energy field;

forming a second tamper sensor for sensing tamper on said substrate; and

forming a communication path communicatively coupling said first tamper sensor to said second tamper sensor.