Method for displaying bitmap derived text at a display having limited pixel-to-pixel spacing resolution

• US 5,910,805 A
• Filed: 01/11/1996
• Issued: 06/08/1999
• Est. Priority Date: 01/11/1996
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: OCLC Online Computer Library Center Incorporated
• Original Assignee: OCLC Online Computer Library Center Incorporated
• Inventors: Hickey, Thomas B., Haschart, Robert J.
• Primary Examiner(s): Hong, Stephen S.
• Application Number:
  US08/584,408
• Time in Patent Office: 1,244 Days
• Field of Search: 395/167, 395/168, 395/170, 395/171, 395/172, 395/805, 395/779, 395/780, 345/20, 345/121, 345/127, 345/128, 345/141, 345/136, 345/147, 345/149, 345/152, 345/467, 345/468, 345/470, 345/471, 345/472, 382/266, 382/298, 382/299, 382/301, 707/542, 707/517, 707/518
• US Class Current: 345/467
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 11/001 Texturing; Colouring; Generation of texture or colour inpainting G06T5/77
• CPC Class Codes: G09G 5/28 for enhancement of character form, e.g. smoothing

Abstract

An image font file is created containing compressed bitmap representations of the characters of one or more fonts utilized for a given text. These compressed bitmap representations are derived as character image templates corresponding with a font of an enlarged size. Upon being conveyed to client software, the individual characters of the image font file are accessed, and while remaining in a compressed format are selectively shifted in accordance with typesetting specification error values, then scaled and filtered to produce a display character in anti-aliased, sub-pixel position format.

Claims

1. A method for generating typeset characterized text, at a platform display exhibiting limited display pixel-to-display pixel spacing resolution, said text having a predetermined font of characters of select character pixel defined font type and font size, and said text being conveyed from a server to client software at said platform, comprising the steps of:

I. providing an image font file as a compressed bit map representation of each of said characters of said font, derived as a compressed character image template corresponding with a font size representing an expansion factor, F, based scaling of said predetermined font select size;

II. providing a device independent typesetting specification file for said text and said predetermined font of characters such typesetting specification representing the ideal location of each character of said text at a display;

III. conveying said image font file and said typesetting specification file to said client software; and

IV. at said platform;

(a) determining any positional error from said typesetting specification file and said display pixel-to-display pixel spacing resolution said positional error being derived with respect to said ideal location for each character of said text when located at the nearest display pixel available at said display,

(b) determining for a text character whether said error is greater than a predetermined portion of said pixel-to-pixel spacing,

(c) accessing said image font file for said compressed character image template corresponding with said text character,

(d) shifting said compressed character image template in a predetermined direction an amount representing at least one character image template pixel when said determination (b) is that said error is greater than said predetermined portion of said spacing,

(e) filtering and scaling said compressed character image template to derive an anti-aliased display character of said select font size,

(f) displaying said display character at said platform display, and

(g) reiterating steps (a) through (f) for characters of said text.

2. The method of claim 1 wherein said step IV(b) determines for a said text character whether said error is greater than 1/F of said pixel-to-pixel spacing.

3. The method of claim 1 wherein:

said step IV(e) filtering is carried out by evaluating pixel representative predetermined lengths of pixel defined sequences of said character image template; and

said scaling is carried out by horizontally and vertically incrementing said sequences a number of pixel spaces, said number being based upon a selected sizing factor.

4. The method of claim 3 in which said sizing factor is selected as F.

5. The method of claim 1 in which step IV(e) thereof includes the step of decompressing said compressed character image template to an extent determining the image edge transitions contained therein.

6. The method of claim 5 in which said step of decompressing a said compressed character image is carried out by producing a list of alternating representative white and black run-lengths of pixel positions.

7. A method for generating typeset characterized text, at a platform display exhibiting limited display pixel-to display pixel spacing resolution, said text having a predetermined font of characters of select character pixel defined font type and font size, said text being conveyed from a server to client software at said platform, comprising the steps of:

I. providing an image font file as a compressed bitmap representation of each of said characters of said font, derived as a compressed character image template corresponding with a font size representing an expansion factor, F, based scaling of said predetermined font select size, said step I comprising the steps of;

(a) creating a portable bitmap file for said predetermined font of characters at F times said predetermined font select size,

(b) creating a Group 4 fax encoded TIFF file corresponding with said portable bitmap file, thereby forming a compressed image template for each character of said predetermined font of characters,

(c) dividing said TIFF file into strips with one of said strips for each compressed image template corresponding with each character of said predetermined font of characters, and

(d) creating said image font file from said portable bitmap file and said divided TIFF file strips,

II. providing a device independent typesetting specification file for said text and said predetermined font of characters such typesetting specification representing the ideal location of each character of said text at a display;

III. conveying said image font file and said typesetting specification file to said client software; and

IV. at said platform;

(a) determining any positional error from said typesetting specification file and said limited display pixel-to-display pixel matrix resolution, said positional error being derived with respect to said ideal location for each character of said text when located at the nearest display pixel available at said display,

(b) determining for a text character whether said error is greater than a predetermined portion of said display pixel-to-display pixel spacing,

(c) accessing said image font file for said compressed character image template corresponding with said text character,

(d) shifting said compressed character image template in a predetermined direction an amount representing at least one character pixel when said determination (b) is that said error is greater than said predetermined portion of said spacing,

(e) filtering and scaling said character image template to derive an anti-aliased display character of said select font size,

(f) displaying said display character at said platform display, and

(g) reiterating steps (a) through (f) for characters of said text.

8. The method of claim 7 in which step I(a) thereof for creating a portable bitmap file comprises the steps of:

selecting a said predetermined font expanded in size at F times said font select size and representing an expanded font;

creating an empty bitmap file with a pixel-based width greater than the maximum width of the characters of said expanded font and having a height greater than 256 times the height of a said character of said expanded font;

rendering each of said characters of said expanded font as character cells within said empty bitmap; and

writing the pixel based width, height, acscent and descent of said character cells, the width and height of said bitmap and the raw binary image data representing said character cells to an output file.

9. The method of claim 7 in which:

step I(a) thereof for creating a portable bitmap comprises the steps of;

selecting a said predetermined font expanded in size at F times said font select size and representing an expanded font;

creating an empty bitmap file with a pixel-based width greater than the maximum width of the characters of said expanded font and having a height greater than 256 times the height of a said character of said expanded font;

rendering each of said characters of said expanded font as character cells within said empty bitmap; and

writing the pixel based width, height, acscent and descent of said character cells, the width and height of said bitmap and the raw binary image data representing said character cells to an output file;

step I(b) thereof for creating a Group 4 fax encoded TIFF file comprises the steps of;

extracting said character cell width and height;

trimming the said pixel-based width of said bitmap file to equal said extracted character cell width; and

creating a Group 4 fax encoded TIFF file from the trimmed bitmap file with compressed character image template data representing said character cells.

10. The method of claim 7 in which:

step I(a) thereof for creating a portable bitmap file comprises the steps of;

selecting a said predetermined font expanded in size at F times said font select size and representing an expanded font;

creating an empty bitmap file with a pixel-based width greater than the maximum width of the characters of said expanded font and having a height greater than 256 times the height of said character of said expanded font;

rendering each of said characters of said expanded font as character cells within said empty bitmap; and

writing the pixel based width, height, acscent and descent of said character cells, the width and height of said bitmap and the raw binary image data representing said character cells to an output file;

step I(b) thereof for creating a Group 4 fax encoded TIFF file comprises the steps of;

extracting said character cell width and height;

trimming the said pixel-based width of said bitmap file to equal said extracted character cell width; and

creating a Group 4 fax encoded TIFF file from the trimmed bitmap file with compressed character image template data representing said character cells;

step I(c) thereof for dividing said TIFF file into strips comprises the steps of;

for said character cells of said TIFF file, copying said compressed character image template data corresponding with a said character into buffer as a strip;

writing a TIFF header for said strip;

retaining only that compressed character image template data which is unique; and

writing TIFF tags to derive a new multi-stripped TIFF file.

11. The method of claim 7 in which:

step I(a) thereof for creating a portable bitmap file comprises the steps of;

selecting a said predetermined font expanded in size at F times said font select size and representing an expanded font;

creating an empty bitmap file with a pixel-based width greater than the maximum width of the characters of said expanded font and having a height greater than 256 times the height of a said character of said expanded font;

rendering each of said characters of said expanded font as character cells within said empty bitmap; and

writing the pixel based width, height, acscent and descent of said character cells, the width and height of said bitmap and the raw binary image data representing said character cells to an output file;

step I(b) thereof for creating a Group 4 fax encoded TIFF file comprises the steps of;

extracting said character cell width and height;

trimming the said pixel-based width of said bitmap file to equal said extracted character cell width; and

creating a Group 4 fax encoded TIFF file from the trimmed bitmap file with compressed character image template data representing said character cells;

step I(c) thereof for dividing said TIFF file into strips comprises the steps of;

for said character cells of said TIFF file, copying said compressed character image template data corresponding with a said character into buffer as a strip;

writing a TIFF header for said strip;

retaining only that compressed character image template data which is unique; and

writing TIFF tags to derive a new multi-stripped TIFF file;

step I(d) thereof for creating said image font file comprises the steps of;

extracting said width, height, ascent and descent data of said character cells derived in said step I(a);

writing out identification bytes for said image font file;

writing out the size of the header of said image font file;

writing out said extracted width, height, ascent and descent data into said image font file header; and

copying the contents of said multi-stripped TIFF file to said image font file.

12. A method for generating typeset characterized text, at a platform display exhibiting limited pixel-to-pixel spacing resolution, said text having a predetermined font of characters of selected pixel defined font type and font size, and said text being conveyed from a server to a client software at said platform, comprising the steps of:

I. providing an image font file as a compressed bitmap representation of each of said characters of said font, derived as a compressed character image template corresponding with a font size representing an expansion factor, F, based scaling of said predetermined font select size;

II. providing a device independent typesetting specification file for said text and said predetermined font of characters representing the ideal location of each character of said text at a display;

III. conveying said image font file and said typesetting specification file to said client software; and

IV. at said platform;

(a) determining any positional error from said typesetting specification file and said given pixel matrix resolution, said positional error with respect to said ideal location for a character of said text when located at the nearest pixel available at said display,

(b) determining for said character of said text whether said error is greater than a predetermined portion of said pixel-to-pixel spacing resolution,

(c) when said error is determined to be greater than said predetermined portion of said pixel-to-pixel spacing resolution, then determining whether an anti-aliased display character has been generated in accordance with step (g) hereof and cached in temporary memory and, in the event that it has been so cached, then going to step (i) hereof,

(d) when said display character has not been cached, accessing said image font file for said compressed character image template corresponding with said character of said text,

(e) decompressing said accessed compressed character image template to an extent identifying character image transitions from relative black and white runs of pixels,

(f) when said error is determined to be greater than said predetermined portion of said pixel-to-pixel spacing, carrying out an effective shifting of a predetermiend number of pixel positions in a predetermined horizontal direction at said decompressed character image template, to derive a shifted character image template,

(g) then filtering and scaling said shifted character image template to produce an anti-aliased display character of said select font size,

(h) caching said anti-aliased display character in temporary memory,

(i) displaying said display character at said platform display, and

(j) reiterating steps (a) through (i) for characters of said text.

13. The method of claim 12 in which said step (e) of decompressing said accessed compressed character image template is carried out by decoding each row position of said template to produce a list of alternating relative white and black pixel run lengths.

14. A method for generating typeset characterized text, at a platform display exhibiting limited display pixel-to-display pixel spacing resolution, said text having a predetermined font of characters of selected character pixel defined font type and font size, and said text being conveyed from a server to a client software at said platform, comprising the steps of:

I. providing an image font file as a compressed bitmap representation of each of said characters of said font, derived as a compressed character image template corresponding with a font size representing an expansion factor, F, based scaling of said predetermined font select size;

II. providing a device independent typesetting specification file for said text and said predetermined font of characters representing the ideal location of each character of said text at a display;

III. conveying said image font file and said typesetting specification file to said client software; and

IV. at said platform;

(a) determining from said typesetting specification file and said display pixel-to-display pixel spacing resolution the positional error with respect to said ideal location for a character of said text when located at the nearest pixel available at said display,

(b) determining for said character of said text whether said error is greater than a predetermined portion of said display pixel-to-display pixel spacing resolution, said predetermined portion being 2/F,

(c) when said error is determined to be greater than said predetermined portion of said pixel-to-pixel spacing resolution, then determining whether an anti-aliased display character has been generated in accordance with step (g) hereof and cached in temporary memory and, in the event that it has been so cached, then going to step (i) hereof,

(d) when said display character has not been cached, accessing said image font file for said compressed character image template corresponding with said character of said text,

(e) decompressing said accessed compressed character image template to an extent identifying character image transitions from relative black and white runs of pixels,

(f) when said error is determined to be greater than said predetermined portion of said pixel-to-pixel spacing, carrying out an effective shifting of at least two character pixel positions in a predetermined horizontal direction at said decompressed character image template, to derive a shifted character image template,

(g) then filtering and scaling said shifted character image template to produce an anti-aliased display character of said select font size,

(h) caching said anti-aliased display character in temporary memory,

(i) displaying said display character at said platform display, and

(j) reiterating steps (a) through (i) for characters of said text.

15. The method of claim 14 in which:

said step IV(b) includes a step of determining whether said error is greater than 1/F of said pixel-to-pixel spacing resolution when said error is not greater than 2/F; and

said step IV(f) predetermined number of character pixel positions is at least one when said error is greater than 1/F but not greater than 2/F of said display pixel-to-display pixel spacing resolution.

16. The method of claim 15 in which said step IV(f) predetermined number of character pixel positions is zero when the determination of step IV(b) is that said error is less than 1/F of said display pixel-to-display pixel spacing resolution.

17. A method for generating typeset characterized text, at a platform display exhibiting limited display pixel-to-display pixel spacing resolution, said text having a predetermined font of characters of selected character pixel defined font type and font size, and said text being conveyed from a server to a client software at said platform, comprising the steps of:

I. providing an image font file as a compressed bitmap representation of each of said characters of said font, derived as a compressed character image template corresponding with a font size representing an expansion factor, F, based scaling of said predetermined font select size;

II. providing a device independent typesetting specification file for said text and said predetermined font of characters representing the ideal location of each character of said text at a display;

III. conveying said image font file and said typesetting specification file to said client software; and

IV. at said platform;

(a) determining from said typesetting specification file and said given pixel matrix resolution the positional error with respect to said ideal location for a character of said text when located at the nearest pixel available at said display,

(b) determining for said character of said text whether said error is greater than a predetermined portion of said pixel-to-pixel spacing resolution,

(c) when said error is determined to be greater than said predetermined portion of said pixel-to-pixel spacing resolution, then determining whether an anti-aliased display character has been generated in accordance with step (g) hereof and cached in temporary memory and, in the event that it has been so cached, then going to step (i) hereof,

(d) when said display character has not been cached, accessing said image font file for said compressed character image template corresponding with said character of said text,

(e) decompressing said accessed compressed character image template to an extent identifying character image transitions from relative black and white runs of pixels,

(f) when said error is determined to be greater than said predetermined portion of said pixel-to-pixel spacing, carrying out an effective shifting of a predetermined number of pixel positions in a predetermined horizontal direction at said decompressed character image template, to derive a shifted character image template,

(g) then filtering and scaling said shifted character image template to produce an anti-aliased display character of said select font size,

(h) caching said anti-aliased display character in temporary memory,

(i) displaying said display character at said platform display, and

(j) reiterating steps (a) through (i) for characters of said text, said step (g) comprising the steps of;

(g1) examining a sequence of x pixel positions in an initial row of pixel positions of said character image template with a virtual filter of x successive horizontal pixel positions and y pixel rows, each such position having a select weighting factor,

(g2) deriving an intermediate output value representing the sum of the product of each said weighting factor with an associated pixel position,

(g3) horizontally shifting said virtual filter along said row a number of pixel horizontal positions corresponding with a select scaling factor, S, and deriving a next said intermediate output value,

(g4) reiterating said step (g3) until all pixel horizontal positions along said row have been examined,

(g5) reiterating said step (g4) to derive said intermediate values at each row for said y pixel rows, and summing said intermediate values for a said virtual filter x, y orientation of x horizontal pixel position and y rows, and

(g6) deriving a gray scale value for a pixel represented by said virtual filter x, y orientation summed intermediate values.

18. The method of claim 17 including the steps of:

(g7) vertically shifting said virtual filter a number of rows corresponding with said select scaling factor, S;

(g8) then reiterating said steps (g5) and (g6) for the entire said character image template and deriving a scaled gray scale bitmap representing said display character.

19. The method of claim 18 in which:

said expansion factor, F, has a value of 3;

said virtual filter x succession of horizontal pixel positions is 4 positions and said y pixel rows are 4 rows; and

said scaling factor, s, has a value of 3.

20. The method of claim 19 in which:

said step (g1) select weighting factor for each pixel of said virtual filter x succession of horizontal pixel positions respectively is;

1,2,2,1; and

said select weighting factors for successive rows of said virtual filter x, y orientation of four y pixel rows are multiplied by the respective values;

1,2,2,1 subsequent to said step (g1) and prior to said step (g2).

21. The method of claim 19 in which said step (g7) includes the step of discarding the intermediate output values derived from the first three rows of the next previous four y pixel rows.