Method and apparatus for embedding authentication information within digital data

• US 5,912,972 A
• Filed: 03/26/1997
• Issued: 06/15/1999
• Est. Priority Date: 12/14/1994
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Sony Corporation (Sony Group Corp.)
• Original Assignee: Sony Corporation (Sony Group Corp.)
• Inventors: Barton, James M.
• Primary Examiner(s): Gregory, Bernarr E.
• Application Number:
  US08/824,174
• Time in Patent Office: 811 Days
• Field of Search: 380/2, 380/4, 380/5, 380/10, 380/23, 380/25, 380/30, 380/49, 380/50, 380/54, 380/59
• US Class Current: 713/176
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 1/0028 Adaptive watermarking, e.g. Human Visual System [HVS]-based watermarking
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 1/0057 Compression invariant watermarking
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 2201/0051 Embedding of the watermark in the spatial domain
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 2201/0061 Embedding of the watermark in each block of the image, e.g. segmented watermarking
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 2201/0065 Extraction of an embedded watermark; Reliable detection
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 2201/0083 whereby only watermarked image required at decoder, e.g. source-based, blind, oblivious
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 2201/0203 whereby the image with embedded watermark is reverted to the original condition before embedding, e.g. lossless, distortion-free or invertible watermarking
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 2209/34 Encoding or coding, e.g. Huffman coding or error correction
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 2209/60 Digital content management, e.g. content distribution
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 9/3247 involving digital signatures
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 1/32144 embedded in the image data, i.e. enclosed or integrated in the image, e.g. watermark, super-imposed logo or stamp
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 1/32154 Transform domain methods H04N1/32309 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 1/32277 Compression
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 1/4486 using digital data encryption
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 21/23892 involving embedding information at multiplex stream level, e.g. embedding a watermark at packet level
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 21/8358 involving watermark protecting executable software by watermarking G06F21/16; image watermarking in general G06T1/0021; watermarks inserted in still images for transmission purposes H04N1/32144; inserting watermarks during video coding H04N19/467
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 2201/3233 of authentication information, e.g. digital signature, watermark
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 2201/327 which are undetectable to the naked eye, e.g. embedded codes
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 2201/3281 Encryption; Ciphering
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 7/1675 Providing digital key or authorisation information for generation or regeneration of the scrambling sequence pseudo-random number generators in general G06F7/58

Abstract

Arbitrary digital information is embedded within a stream of digital data, in a way that avoids detection by a casual observer and that allows a user to determine whether the digital data have been modified from their intended form. The embedded information may only be extracted as authorized and may be used to verify that the original digital data stream has not been modified.

Claims

1. An apparatus for authenticating an image data block, comprising:

a frame sequence counter;

a scan line counter;

an error correction accumulator adapted to generate a digital signature;

a last line error correction register;

a multiplexor for selecting either of a scan line value from said scan line counter and a frame sequence value from said frame sequence counter as an embedded image data block bit pattern; and

a controller for recognizing each frame and each scan line in said image data block;

said controller routes image pixels to a selected one of said frame sequence counter and said scan line counter, and to send an error correction code from said error correction accumulator to said last line error correction register if an end of a frame is encountered;

said controller comprising;

means for routing each image pixel in said image data block to said controller;

means for generating an authentication code by prepending either of a scan line value from said scan line counter and a frame sequence value from said frame sequence counter to said digital signature; and

means for embedding said authentication code into said image data block, wherein said authentication code is offset from the beginning of either of said image scan line and said frame.

2. A method for authenticating an image data block, comprising the steps of:

generating a digital signature with an error correction accumulator;

selecting either of a scan line value from a scan line counter and a frame sequence value from a frame sequence counter as an embedded image data block bit pattern;

recognizing each frame and each scan line in said image data block;

routing image pixels to a selected one of said frame sequence counter and said scan line counter;

sending an error correction code from said error correction accumulator to said last line error correction register if an end of a frame is encountered;

routing each image pixel in said image data block to a controller;

generating an authentication code by prepending either of a scan line value from said scan line counter and a frame sequence value from said frame sequence counter to said digital signature; and

embedding said authentication code into said image data block, wherein said authentication code is offset from the beginning of at least-one of a scan line and a frame in said image data block.

3. A method for embedding information into a digital data block, comprising the steps of:

deliberately introducing errors into a digital data block to embed the information into the data block, wherein the information is any sequence of bits that encode knowledge of interest to a receiver of the data block, and said errors do not change the basic format of the digital data block and are not readily noticeable when the digital data block is converted into a non-digital form; and

detecting any errors introduced into the digital data block after the information embedding step is completed.

4. The method of claim 3, further comprising the step of:

retrieving the embedded information on demand.

5. The method of claim 3, further comprising the step of:

inserting a compressed representation of portions of the data block that are modified during the information embedding step into the embedded information.

6. The method of claim 5, further comprising the step of:

recovering the data block by decompressing the representation and placing the modified portions of the data block into position within the data block.

7. The method of claim 3, further comprising the step of:

protecting the embedded information by at least one of an encrypting step and an error correction step.

8. The method of claim 7, further comprising the step of:

encoding data into the embedded information that indicates the at least one encryption technique used during the encrypting step and error correction technique used during the error correction step.