Ultrasound imaging method and system for transmit signal generation for an ultrasonic imaging system capable of harmonic imaging

• US 5,913,823 A
• Filed: 07/15/1997
• Issued: 06/22/1999
• Est. Priority Date: 07/15/1997
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Siemens Medical Solutions USA Incorporated (Siemens AG)
• Original Assignee: Acuson Corporation (Siemens AG)
• Inventors: Maslak, Samual H., Hossack, John A., Ramamurthy, Bhaskar S., Carp, Stuart L., Hedberg, David J., Need, Daniel E., Dodd, Stirling S.
• Primary Examiner(s): Jaworski, Francis J.
• Application Number:
  US08/893,150
• Time in Patent Office: 707 Days
• Field of Search: 600/437, 600/440-443, 600/447, 600/458
• US Class Current: 600/443
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 8/08 Detecting organic movements or changes, e.g. tumours, cysts, swellings A61B8/02 - A61B8/06 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 8/4281 characterised by sound-transmitting media or devices for coupling the transducer to the tissue
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 7/52038 involving non-linear properties of the propagation medium or of the reflective target
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 7/52046 Techniques for image enhancement involving transmitter or receiver image enhancement by image data processing G06T5/00

Abstract

An improvement to the method for harmonic imaging including the steps of (a) transmitting ultrasonic energy at a fundamental frequency and (b) receiving reflected ultrasonic energy at a harmonic of the fundamental frequency is provided. For the improvement, the transmitting step includes the step of transmitting a uni-polar waveform or a waveform characterized by an amplitude change rate of 8 or fewer times pre carrier cycle, said waveform comprising an envelope shape rising gradually to a respective maximum value and falling gradually from the respective maximum value.

Claims

1. In a method comprising the steps of (a) transmitting ultrasonic energy at a fundamental frequency and (b) receiving reflected ultrasonic energy at a harmonic of the fundamental frequency in an ultrasound system, the reflected ultrasonic energy responsive to the transmitted ultrasonic energy, an improvement wherein step (a) comprises the step of:

(a1) transmitting a uni-polar waveform comprising an amplitude shape rising gradually to a respective maximum value and falling gradually from said respective maximum value.

3. The method of claim 1 or 2 wherein the step (a1) comprises transmitting a waveform characterized by said amplitude change rate of 4 times per said carrier cycle.

4. The method of claim 1 or 2 wherein the step (a1) comprises (a2) generating said waveform characterized by a carrier signal and an envelope signal.

5. The method of claim 4 wherein the step (a1) further comprises (a3) generating said waveform characterized by the envelope signal sampled at a rate corresponding to a multiple of a center frequency of the carrier signal.

6. The method of claim 5 wherein the step (a3) comprises generating said waveform characterized by the envelope signal sampled at 4 times the carrier center frequency.

7. The method of claim 4 wherein the step (a1) further comprises (a3) generating said waveform characterized by the carrier signal sampled at a rate corresponding to a multiple of a carrier center frequency.

8. The method of claim 7 wherein the step (a3) comprises generating said waveform characterized by the carrier signal sampled at a rate corresponding to two times the carrier center frequency.

9. The method of claim 4 wherein the step (a1) further comprises (a3) generating said waveform characterized by setting a phase of the envelope signal relative to a phase of the carrier signal.

10. The method of claim 4 wherein the step (a2) comprises generating said waveform characterized by amplitude modulating said carrier signal with said envelope signal.

11. The method of claim 10 wherein the step (a2) comprises modulating said envelope signal and said carrier signal with a multiplier.

12. The method of claim 4 wherein the step (a2) comprises generating said waveform characterized by setting the width of the envelope signal.

13. The method of claim 4 wherein the step (a2) comprises generating said waveform characterized by setting the amplitude levels of the envelope signal.

14. The method of claim 13 wherein the step (a2) comprises generating said waveform as a function of a number of amplitude levels selected from the group of 4, 8, and 16.

15. The method of claim 13 wherein the step (a2) further comprises setting said amplitude levels associated with said waveform digitally.

16. The method of claim 15 wherein the step (a2) comprises setting said amplitude levels corresponding to multiple bit words selected from the group of:

thermometer code, binary code, gray-code, specific weighted code and a combination thereof.

17. The method of claim 4 wherein the step (a1) further comprises generating said waveform characterized by said envelope signal comprising a time sequence of amplitudes with a symmetrical distribution of amplitude levels about the peak as a function of time.

18. The method of claim 1 or 2 wherein the step (a1) comprises (a2) generating said waveform comprising a uni-polar waveform and characterized by an offset waveform summed with a bi-polar waveform.

19. The method of claim 18 wherein the step (a2) comprises generating said waveform characterized by said offset waveform comprising a property selected from the group of:

gradually increasing and decreasing shape, duration, and a combination thereof.

20. The method of claim 19 wherein the step (a2) comprises generating said waveform characterized by said offset waveform comprising said gradually increasing and decreasing shape and said duration, said duration comprising a plurality of cycles of said bi-polar waveform.

21. The method of claim 20 wherein the step (a2) comprises generating said waveform characterized by said shape comprising stair stepped amplitude levels associated with sampling at a multiple of the carrier center frequency.

22. The method of claim 18 wherein the step (a2) comprises summing said offset waveform and said bi-polar waveform with a summer in real time transmission.

23. The method of claim 4 or 18 wherein the step (a1) comprises generating said waveform in response to control signals responsive to said characterizations.

24. The method of claim 1 or 2 wherein the step (a1) comprises (a2) transmitting said waveform comprising at least one pulse.

25. The method of claim 24 wherein the step (a2) comprises summing a first rectangular waveform with a second rectangular waveform, wherein said second rectangular waveform is 90 degrees out of phase with said first rectangular waveform.

26. The method of claim 1 or 2 wherein the step (a1) comprises transmitting said waveform comprising a shaped waveform, said shaped waveform selected from the group of:

shaped pulse, pulse to pulse amplitude shape and combinations thereof.

29. The method of claim 1 or 2 wherein said waveform comprises a rectangular waveform.

30. The method of claim 1 wherein said waveform comprises a first waveform and wherein the step (a1) further comprises:

setting a characteristic selected from the group of;

a cycle delay in addition to a focus delay, an amplitude level in addition to apodization scaling, a number of cycles and a combination thereof of at least a first waveform applied to at least a first of a plurality of transducer elements relative to at least a second waveform applied to at least a second of said plurality of transducer elements as a function of a shape comprising a sum of said first and second waveforms; and

transmitting ultrasonic energy responsive to at least said first and second waveforms from at least said first and second transducer elements, respectively, said ultrasonic energy summed at said point comprising said shape, wherein said shape rises gradually to a respective maximum value and falls gradually from said respective maximum value.

31. The method of claim 1 wherein the step (a1) further comprises the step of modulating a pulse width of pulses within said waveform.

32. The method of claim 1 further comprising the step or steps of any combination of two or three of steps a3 and a4:

(a3) wherein said waveform comprises a first waveform, further comprising the steps of;

(i) setting a characteristic selected from the group of;

a cycle delay in addition to a focus delay, an amplitude level in addition to apodization scaling, a number of cycles and a combination thereof of at least a first waveform applied to at least a first of a plurality of transducer elements relative to at least a second waveform applied to at least a second of said plurality of transducer elements as a function of a shape comprising a sum of said first and second waveforms; and

(ii) transmitting ultrasonic energy responsive to at least said first and second waveforms from at least said first and second transducer elements, respectively, said ultrasonic energy summed at said point comprising said shape, wherein said shape rises gradually to a respective maximum value and falls gradually from said respective maximum value; and

(a4) modulating the pulse width of pulses within at least said first waveform.

2. In a method comprising the steps of (a) transmitting ultrasonic energy at a fundamental frequency and (b) receiving reflected ultrasonic energy at a harmonic of the fundamental frequency in an ultrasound system, the reflected ultrasonic energy responsive to the transmitted ultrasonic energy, an improvement wherein step (a) comprises the step of:

(a1) transmitting a waveform characterized by an amplitude change rate of 8 or fewer times a carrier cycle, said waveform comprising an amplitude shape rising gradually to a respective maximum value and falling gradually from said respective maximum value.

27. The method of claim 2 wherein said waveform comprises a bi-polar signal.

28. The method of claim 2 wherein said waveform comprises a uni-polar signal.

33. An ultrasound apparatus for transmitting ultrasonic energy at a fundamental frequency for receipt of reflected ultrasonic energy at a harmonic of the fundamental frequency, the reflected ultrasonic energy responsive to the transmitted ultrasonic energy, comprising:

a transducer; and

a signal generator for transmitting a uni-polar waveform comprising an amplitude shape rising gradually to a respective maximum value and falling gradually from said respective maximum value.

35. The apparatus of claim 33 or 34 further comprising a summer, wherein said waveform comprises an off-set waveform summed with a bi-polar waveform.

36. The apparatus of claim 33 or 34 further comprising a multiplier, wherein said waveform comprises an envelope signal multiplied with a carrier signal.

37. The apparatus of claim 33 or 34 wherein said signal generator comprises a waveform generator for generating said waveform in response to stored data representing said waveform.

34. An ultrasound apparatus for transmitting ultrasonic energy at a fundamental frequency for receipt of reflected ultrasonic energy at a harmonic of the fundamental frequency, the reflected ultrasonic energy responsive to the transmitted ultrasonic energy, comprising:

a transducer; and

a signal generator for transmitting a waveform comprising 8 or fewer samples per carrier cycle and an amplitude shape rising gradually to a respective maximum value and falling gradually from said respective maximum value.

38. In a method comprising the steps of (a) transmitting ultrasonic energy at a fundamental frequency and (b) receiving reflected ultrasonic energy at a harmonic of the fundamental frequency in an ultrasound system, the reflected ultrasonic energy responsive to the transmitted ultrasonic energy, an improvement wherein step (a) comprises the step of:

(a1) generating a stepped pulse comprising an amplitude shape rising gradually to a respective maximum value and falling gradually from said respective maximum value.

39. The method of claim 38 wherein the step (a1) further comprises generating a second stepped pulse, wherein said first and second pulse comprise a bi-polar waveform.

40. The method of claim 38 wherein the step (a) comprises transmitting said stepped pulse.

41. The method of claim 38 wherein the step (a) further comprises filtering said stepped pulse waveform.

42. The method of claim 38 wherein the step (a) further comprises generating a plurality of said stepped pulses as a waveform.

43. The method of claim 42 wherein the step (a) further comprises generating said waveform characterized by a maximum value of one of said plurality of stepped pulses different from a maximum value of another of said stepped pulses.

44. The method of claim 38 wherein the step (a1) comprises summing a first rectangular pulse with a second rectangular pulse to form said stepped pulse, wherein said second rectangular waveform is 90 degrees out of phase with said first rectangular waveform.

45. In a method comprising the steps of (a) transmitting ultrasonic energy at a fundamental frequency and (b) receiving reflected ultrasonic energy at a harmonic of the fundamental frequency in an ultrasound system, the reflected ultrasonic energy responsive to the transmitted ultrasonic energy, an improvement wherein step (a) comprises the step of:

(a1) generating a waveform comprising a plurality of amplitudes selected from the group of;

a plurality of positive amplitudes and a plurality of negative amplitudes, wherein said amplitudes each comprise a duration representing a step and corresponding to a sample rate less than or equal to 8 times the fundamental frequency, wherein an amplitude shape associated with said amplitudes rises gradually to a respective maximum value and falls gradually from said respective maximum value.

46. The method of claim 45 wherein the step (a1) comprises generating a uni-polar waveform.

47. The method of claim 45 wherein the step (a1) comprises generating a bi-polar waveform.

48. The method of claim 45 wherein the step (a1) comprises (a2) repeating the step (a1).

49. The method of claim 48 wherein the step (a2) comprises generating a series of shaped pulses.

50. A method of generating a waveform transmitted from at least one of a plurality of transducer elements for harmonic imaging responsive to transmission of the waveform in an ultrasound system comprising the steps of:

(a1) generating a waveform carrier signal associated with a fundamental frequency;

(a2) modulating said rectangular wave carrier signal with an envelope signal comprising a gradually increasing and gradually decreasing amplitude; and

(a3) transmitting a waveform responsive to data created in step (a2) and sampled at 8 samples or less for each cycle of said carrier signal.

51. A method of generating a uni-polar waveform transmitted from at least one of a plurality of transducer elements for harmonic imaging in an ultrasound system comprising the steps of:

(a1) generating a bi-polar waveform;

(a2) off-setting said bi-polar waveform with an off-set signal comprising a gradually increasing and gradually decreasing amplitude; and

(a3) transmitting said uni-polar waveform responsive to data created in step (a2).