Error mitigation and correction in the delivery of on demand audio

• US 5,917,835 A
• Filed: 04/12/1996
• Issued: 06/29/1999
• Est. Priority Date: 04/12/1996
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Intel Corporation
• Original Assignee: Progressive Networks, Inc.
• Inventors: Leif, Stephanie, Carden, Christopher, Clawson, Dennis, Wesley, Richard, Boutell, Thomas, Barrett, Phil
• Primary Examiner(s): Grant, William
• Assistant Examiner(s): Marc, McDieunel, Marc, McDieunel
• Application Number:
  US08/631,846
• Time in Patent Office: 1,173 Days
• Field of Search: 371/37.4, 348/6, 348/410, 348/399, 348/390, 369/48, 369/93, 380/19, 711/157
• US Class Current: 714/755
• CPC Class Codes: G10L 19/005 Correction of errors induced by the transmission channel, if related to the coding algorithm
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 69/04 Protocols for data compression, e.g. ROHC

Abstract

A method and system for mitigating and compensating for loss of digital audio data transmitted as a stream of packets to a client (30). A server (10) compresses digital audio data corresponding to a digitized analog audio signal. The compressed data are divided into N frames of data per packet. The server interleaves the frames, producing interleave packets of up to order N. The interleave operation minimizes the effect of any lost packet when the interleave packets are received, deinterleaved, and converted to an analog signal that is played on a speaker at the client. Lost frames are replaced using the data from frames that are received. As a further aspect, the frames can be scrambled at the server by applying a permutation function F that depends upon the packet number (PN) and a Key value. At the client, an inverse permutation function F^-1 is applied to unscramble the frames.

Claims

1. A method for conveying digital audio data from a server to a client, so as to minimize errors, comprising the steps of:

(a) dividing the digital audio data between a temporally contiguous plurality of frames, each frame including a successive portion of the digital audio data;

(b) forming a plurality of packets for use in conveying the digital audio data from the server to the client, each packet including a plurality of the frames interleaved in a predefined manner so that adjacent frames in each packet generally do not contain temporally contiguous portions of the digital audio data;

(c) transmitting the packets from the server to the client; and

(d) at the client, deinterleaving the frames included in the packets so that the portions of the digital audio data included in the frames are sequentially and temporally arranged in order.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein if a packet is corrupted or is otherwise lost during transmission of the packets from the server to the client, further comprising the step of replacing frames included in the packet that was lost using digital audio data included in sequential and temporally adjacent frames that are conveyed in other packets received by the client.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein a lost frame included in the packet that was lost is replaced at the client using one of a temporally previous and a temporally next frame, said temporally previous frame including a portion of the digital audio data that immediately precedes the portion of the digital audio data included in the lost frame, and said temporally next frame including a portion of the digital audio data that immediately follows the portion of the digital audio data included in the lost frame.

4. The method of claim 3, wherein said one of the temporally previous and temporally next frames is selected based upon a function that determines a preferred replacement frame, said preferred replacement frame being selected because it includes a portion of the audio data that more closely matches the portion of the audio data included in the lost frame.

5. The method of claim 3, wherein a frame included in the packet that was corrupted or otherwise lost is replaced at the client with a frame that includes an approximation of the portion of the digital audio data in the lost frame, based upon the portions of the digital audio data included in other frames that were received at the client.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein up to N packets are interleaved, where N is equal to the number of frames per packet.

7. The method of claim 1, further comprising the steps of compressing the digital audio data at the server and decompressing the digital audio data at the client.

8. The method of claim 1, further comprising the steps of applying a permutation function to the frames in each packet at the server, said permutation function being used to reorder the frames in the packet from an original state;

and applying a corresponding inverse permutation function to the frames in each packet received at the client to restore the original state of the frames.

9. The method of claim 8, wherein both the permutation and inverse permutation functions are based upon a key that is independently determined by both the client and the server.

10. A method for conveying data between a first location and a second location, so as to minimize an impact of any data loss or dropout that may occur when conveying the data, comprising the steps of:

(a) dividing the data, which are input in a temporal sequence, into a plurality of frames, each frame include a portion of the data;

(b) dispersing the frames in a data stream that is transmitted from the first location to the second location, so that frames including temporally sequential portions of the data are not adjacent to each other in the data stream;

(c) receiving the data stream at the second location;

(d) at the second location, recovering the portions of the data from the frames in the data stream and restoring the portions of the data to the temporal sequence; and

(e) replacing the portion of the data included in any frame that was not received at the second location, using portions of the data included in the frames that were received.

11. The method of claim 10, wherein the step of replacing the portion of the data in any frame not received comprises the step of using a temporally adjacent portion of the data included in one of the frames that were received.

12. The method of claim 11, wherein the step of replacing the portion of the data in any frame not received comprises the step of approximating said portion based upon the portion of the data in said one of the frames that were received.

13. The method of claim 11, further comprising the steps of applying a permutation to reorder the frames conveyed in each packet as a function of a permutation key;

and applying an inverse permutation to restore the frames conveyed in each of the packets to an original order that the frames included in the packet had prior to applying the permutation, said inverse permutation also being a function of the permutation key.

14. The method of claim 13, wherein the permutation key is independently determined at each of the first and the second locations.

15. The method of claim 13, wherein the permutation key changes as a function of a packet number in the data stream.

16. The method of claim 10, further comprising the steps of compressing the data prior to conveying the frames between the first and the second locations;

and decompressing the data after the frames are received at the second location.

17. The method of claim 10, further comprising the steps of conveying the frames of data that are dispersed in a plurality of packets.

18. An article of manufacture adapted to be used by a computer, comprising:

a memory medium on which are stored machine instructions that implement a plurality of functions useful for conveying data to another location, when the machine instructions are executed by a computer, said functions including;

(a) dividing data having a temporal sequence into a plurality of frames, each frame including a portion of the data; and

(b) dispersing the frames in a data stream that is transmitted to a different location, so that frames including temporally sequential portions of the data are not adjacent to each other in the data stream.

19. The article of manufacture of claim 18, wherein the functions further include compressing the data prior to transmitting the frames to the other location.

20. The article of manufacture of claim 18, wherein the functions further include forming packets of the frames that are dispersed;

and applying a permutation that reorders the frames included in each packet, from an original order to a scrambled order, said permutation being determined as a function of a permutation key that is supplied to the computer.

21. An article of manufacture adapted to be used by a computer, comprising:

a memory medium on which are stored machine instructions that implement a plurality of functions when the machine instructions are executed by a computer, said machine instructions being useful in enabling the computer to receive data transmitted from another location and to minimize an effect of any data loss or dropout, wherein portions of the data having an original temporal sequence are included in a plurality of frames that are dispersed in a data stream transmitted from the other location so that frames including temporally sequential portions of the data are not adjacent to each other in the data stream, said functions including;

(a) receiving the data stream;

(b) recovering the portions of the data from the frames in the data stream and restoring the portions of the data to the temporal sequence; and

(c) replacing the portion of the data included in any frame that was not received at the second location, using portions of the data included in the frames that were received.

22. The article of manufacture of claim 21, wherein the data are compressed prior to being transmitted from the other location, said functions further including decompressing the data.

23. The article of manufacture of claim 21, wherein the portion of the data included in any frame that was lost is replaced using a temporally adjacent portion of the data included in a frame that was received.

24. The article of manufacture of claim 23, wherein the portion of the data in the frame that was lost is approximated based on the temporally adjacent portion of the data included in the frame that was received.

25. The article of manufacture of claim 21, wherein the frames that are dispersed are used to form packets that are transmitted from the other location, a permutation being applied to the frames in each packet as a function of a permutation key to change an order of the frames from an original order to a permuted order, and wherein the functions include applying an inverse permutation to the frames in each packet that is received to restore the original order of the frames in each packet, as a function of the permutation key.

26. A method for conveying digital audio data from a server to a client, so as to minimize errors, comprising the steps of:

(a) dividing the digital audio data between a temporally contiguous plurality of frames, each frame including a successive portion of the digital audio data;

(b) forming a plurality of packets for use in conveying the digital audio data from the server to the client, each packet including a plurality of the frames interleaved in a predefined manner so that adjacent frames in each packet generally do not contain temporally contiguous portions of the digit audio data;

(c) compressing the digital audio data prior to conveying the packets from the server to the client;

(d) transmitting the packets from the server to the client;

(e) at the client, deinterleaving the frames included in the packets so that the portions of the digital audio data included in the frames are sequentially and temporally arranged in order; and

(f) decompressing the digital audio data after the packets are received at the client.

27. A method for conveying data between a first location and a second location, so as to minimize an impact of any data loss or dropout that may occur when conveying the data, comprising the steps of:

(a) dividing the data, which are input in a temporal sequence, into a plurality of frames, each frame include a portion of the data;

(b) dispersing the frames in a data stream that is transmitted from the first location to the second location, so that frames including temporally sequential portions of the data are not adjacent to each other in the data stream;

(c) compressing the data prior to conveying the frames between the first and the second locations;

(d) receiving the data stream at the second location;

(e) at the second location, recovering the portions of the data from the frames in the data stream and restoring the portions of the data to the temporal sequence;

(f) decompressing the data after the frames are received at the second location; and

(g) replacing the portion of the data included in any frame that was not received at the second location, using portions of the data included in the frames that were received.