Method and system for detecting fade transitions in a video signal

• US 5,920,360 A
• Filed: 06/07/1996
• Issued: 07/06/1999
• Est. Priority Date: 06/07/1996
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. (HP Inc.)
• Original Assignee: Electronic Data Systems Corporation (Perspecta, Inc.)
• Inventors: Coleman, Jr., E. North
• Primary Examiner(s): Kostak, Victor R.
• Application Number:
  US08/660,564
• Time in Patent Office: 1,124 Days
• Field of Search: 348/699-701, 348/722, 348/595, 348/558, 348/604, 382/107, 382/209, 382/286, 382/190, 382/195, 382/197
• US Class Current: 348/700
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 16/785 using colour or luminescence
• CPC Class Codes: G06V 20/40 in video content extracting overlay text G06V20/62; video retrieval G06F16/70; processing of video elementary streams in video servers H04N21/234; processing of video elementary streams in video clients H04N21/44
• CPC Class Codes: G11B 27/034 on discs G11B27/036, G11B27/038 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G11B 27/28 by using information signals recorded by the same method as the main recording G11B27/22 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 19/179 the unit being a scene or a shot
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 19/87 involving scene cut or scene change detection in combination with video compression
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 5/147 Scene change detection

Abstract

A method and system for detecting fade transitions in a digital video signal made up of a series of video images is disclosed. In accordance with the method of the invention, a plurality of the video images are segmented into a number of cells wherein each cell comprises a number of pixels having a pixel intensity value representing the intensity of that pixel. A plurality of cell intensity vectors each associated with one of the video images is generated wherein each element of the cell intensity vector is associated with one of the cells and comprises a value proportional to the average of the pixel intensity values for that cell. A fade detect is generated for a particular video image in response to the cell intensity vector for that image.

Claims

1. A method of detecting fade transitions in a digital video signal made up of a series of video images, comprising:

segmenting a plurality of the video images, each of the plurality of video images segmented into a first number of cells, each cell comprising a second number of pixels, a pixel having a pixel intensity value representing the intensity of the pixel;

generating a plurality of cell intensity vectors each associated with one of the segmented video images, each element of the cell intensity vector associated with one of the cells and proportional to the average of the pixel intensity values for the pixels in that cell;

generating a fade-detect signal for a segmented video image in response to the cell intensity vector for that image.

2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:

generating a plurality of intensity change vectors each associated with one of the segmented video images, the intensity change vector for a video image comprising the cell intensity vector for that video image minus the cell intensity vector for another video image;

generating a fade signal comprising a plurality of fade values, each fade value associated with a segmented video image, the fade value for a specific image comprising the difference between the total number of elements of the intensity change vector for the specific image having a value between a first lower limit and a first upper limit and the total number of elements of the intensity change vector for the specific image having a value between a second lower limit and a second upper limit; and

wherein the step of generating a fade-detect signal further comprises generating a fade-detect signal for a segmented video image in response to the fade value associated with that video image.

3. The method of claim 2, further comprising:

filtering the fade signal to produce a filtered fade signal comprising a plurality of filtered values, each filtered value associated with a segmented video image;

wherein the step of generating a fade-detect signal further comprises generating a fade-detect signal for a segmented video image if the filtered value associated with that segmented video image exceeds a first threshold value.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein each video image comprises a field of a video signal.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein each video image comprises a frame of a video signal.

6. The method of claim 2, wherein the intensity change vector for a video image comprises the intensity change vector for that video image minus the intensity change vector for the same field in the immediately prior frame of the digital video signal.

7. The method of claim 3, wherein the fade signal is filtered using a Gaussian filter.

8. The method of claim 3, wherein a fade is centered at a video image designated as the center video image if the filtered value associated with that video image exceeds the first threshold value and if the filtered value associated with that video image exceeds the filtered value associated with the immediately following video image.

9. The method of claim 8, further comprising:

generating a plurality of cell contrast vectors each associated with one of the segmented video images, each element of the cell contrast vector associated with one of the cells and comprising the standard deviation of the pixel intensity values for the pixels in that cell;

calculating the maximum cell contrast for each of the segmented video images, the maximum contrast for an image comprising the value of the largest element of the cell contrast vector for that image; and

generating a fade in from black signal for a center video image if a fade-detect signal has been generated for the center video image, if the fade value for the center video image is greater than zero, and if the maximum cell contrast for at least one video image within the neighborhood of video images immediately preceding the center video image is less than a second threshold.

10. The method of claim 8, further comprising:

generating a plurality of cell contrast vectors each associated with one of the segmented video images, each element of the cell contrast vector associated with one of the cells and comprising the standard deviation of the pixel intensity values for the pixels in that cell;

calculating the maximum cell contrast for each of the segmented video images, the maximum contrast for an image comprising the value of the largest element of the cell contrast vector for that image; and

generating a fade out to white signal for a center video image if a fade-detect signal has been generated for the center video image, if the fade value for the center video image is greater than zero, and if the maximum cell contrast for at least one video image within the neighborhood of video images immediately following the center video image is less than a third threshold.

11. The method of claim 8, further comprising:

generating a plurality of cell contrast vectors each associated with one of the segmented video images, each element of the cell contrast vector associated with one of the cells and comprising the standard deviation of the pixel intensity values for the pixels in that cell;

calculating the maximum cell contrast for each of the segmented video images, the maximum contrast for an image comprising the value of the largest element of the cell contrast vector for that image; and

generating a fade in from white signal for a center video image if a fade-detect signal has been generated for the center video image, if the fade value for the center video image is less than zero, and if the maximum cell contrast for at least one video image within the neighborhood of video images immediately preceding the center video image is less than a fourth threshold.

12. The method of claim 8, further comprising:

generating a plurality of cell contrast vectors each associated with one of the segmented video images, each element of the cell contrast vector associated with one of the cells and comprising the standard deviation of the pixel intensity values for the pixels in that cell;

calculating the maximum cell contrast for each of the segmented video images, the maximum contrast for an image comprising the value of the largest element of the cell contrast vector for that image; and

generating a fade out to black signal for a center video image if a fade-detect signal has been generated for the center video image, if the fade value for the center video image is less than zero, and if the maximum cell contrast for at least one video image within the neighborhood of video images immediately following the center video image is less than a fifth threshold.

13. The method of claim 8, further comprising:

generating a plurality of cell contrast vectors each associated with one of the segmented video images, each element of the cell contrast vector associated with one of the cells and comprising the standard deviation of the pixel intensity values for the pixels in that cell;

calculating the maximum cell contrast for each of the segmented video images, the maximum contrast for an image comprising the value of the largest element of the cell contrast vector for that image;

calculating the maximum cell brightness for each of the segmented video images, the maximum brightness for an image comprising the value of the largest element of the cell intensity vector for that image;

generating a fade in from black signal for a center video image if a fade-detect signal has been generated for the center video image, if the fade value for the center video image is greater than zero, if the maximum cell brightness for at least one video image within the neighborhood of video images immediately preceding the center video image is less than a sixth threshold and if the maximum cell contrast for at least one video image within the neighborhood of video images immediately following the center video image is greater than a second threshold;

generating a fade out to white signal for a center video image if a fade-detect signal has been generated for the center video image, if the fade value for the center video image is greater than zero, if the maximum cell brightness for at least one video image within the neighborhood of video images immediately preceding the center video image is greater than a seventh threshold, and if the maximum cell contrast for at least one video image within the neighborhood of video images immediately following the center video image is less than a third threshold;

generating a fade in from white signal for a center video image if a fade-detect signal has been generated for the center video image, if the fade value for the center video image is less than zero, if the maximum cell brightness for at least one video image within the neighborhood of video images immediately following the center video image is greater than a eighth threshold and if the maximum cell contrast for at least one video image within the neighborhood of video images immediately preceding the center video image is less than a fourth threshold; and

generating a fade out to black signal for a center video image if a fade-detect signal has been generated for the center video image, if the fade value for the center video image is less than zero, if the maximum cell brightness for at least one video image within the neighborhood of video images immediately following the center video image is less than a ninth threshold and if the maximum cell contrast for at least one video image within the neighborhood of video images immediately preceding the center video image is greater than a fifth threshold.

14. A computerized system for detecting fade transitions in a digital video signal made up of a series of video images, comprising:

a computer-readable medium; and

a computer program encoded on the computer-readable medium, the computer program further operable to

segment a plurality of the video images, each of the plurality of video images segmented into a first number of cells, each cell comprising a second number of pixels, a pixel having a pixel intensity value representing the intensity of the pixel;

generate a plurality of cell intensity vectors each associated with one of the segmented video images, each element of the cell intensity vector associated with one of the cells and comprising the average of the pixel intensity values for the pixels in that cell;

generate a fade-detect signal for a video image in response to the cell intensity vector for that image.

15. The computerized system of claim 14, wherein the computer program is further operable to:

generate a plurality of intensity change vectors each associated with one of the segmented video images, the intensity change vector for a video image comprising the cell intensity vector for that video image minus the cell intensity vector for another video image;

generate a fade signal comprising a plurality of fade values, each fade value associated with a segmented video image, the fade value for a specific image comprising the difference between the total number of elements of the intensity change vector for the specific image having a value between a first lower limit and a first upper limit and the total number of elements of the intensity change vector for the specific image having a value between a second lower limit and a second upper limit; and

generate a fade-detect signal for a segmented video image in response to the fade value for that segmented video image.

16. The computerized system of claim 15, wherein the computer program is further operable to:

filter the fade signal to produce a filtered fade signal comprising a plurality of filtered values, each filtered value associated with a segmented video image; and

generate a fade-detect signal for a segmented video image if the filtered value associated with that segmented video image exceeds a first threshold value.

17. The computerized system of claim 16, wherein the fade signal is filtered using a Gaussian filter.

18. The computerized system of claim 16, wherein a fade is centered at a video image designated as the center video image if the filtered value associated with that video image exceeds the first threshold value and if the filtered value associated with that video image exceeds the filtered value associated with the immediately following video image.

19. A computerized system for detecting fade transitions in a digital video signal made up of a series of video images, comprising:

a storage medium;

a processor coupled to the storage medium;

a digital video signal source coupled to the storage medium and providing the digital video signal to the system;

a computer program stored in the storage medium, the computer program operable to run on the processor and process the digital video signal, the software further operable to

segment a plurality of the video images, each of the plurality of video images segmented into a first number of cells, each cell comprising a second number of pixels, a pixel having a pixel intensity value representing the intensity of the pixel;

generate a plurality of cell intensity vectors each associated with one of the segmented video images, each element of the cell intensity vector associated with one of the cells and comprising the average of the pixel intensity values for the pixels in that cell;

generate a plurality of intensity change vectors each associated with one of the segmented video images, the intensity change vector for a video image comprising the cell intensity vector for that video image minus the cell intensity vector for another video image;

generate a fade signal comprising a plurality of fade values, each fade value associated with a segmented video image, the fade value for a specific image comprising the difference between the total number of elements of the intensity change vector for the specific image having a value between a first lower limit and a first upper limit and the total number of elements of the intensity change vector for the specific image having a value between a second lower limit and a second upper limit;

filter the fade signal to produce a filtered fade signal comprising a plurality of filtered values, each filtered value associated with a segmented video image;

generate a fade-detect signal for a segmented video image if the filtered value associated with that segmented video image exceeds a first threshold value.