Direct sequence spread spectrum DSP system

• US 5,920,589 A
• Filed: 11/17/1995
• Issued: 07/06/1999
• Est. Priority Date: 06/07/1995
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Globalstar Incorporated, M&FC Holding, LLC
• Original Assignee: Sanconix Inc.
• Inventors: Rouquette, Robert E., Naden, Gary A., Sanderford, H. Britton
• Primary Examiner(s): Vo, Don N.
• Application Number:
  US08/559,913
• Time in Patent Office: 1,327 Days
• Field of Search: 375/200, 375/206, 375/208, 375/209, 375/210, 375/316, 455/323, 455/324, 341/123
• US Class Current: 375/147
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 1/707 using direct sequence modulation
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 1/70752 Partial correlation
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 1/70755 Setting of lock conditions, e.g. threshold
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 1/70775 Multi-dwell schemes, i.e. multiple accumulation times
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 1/708 Parallel implementation
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 1/7097 Interference-related aspects
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 1/7101 with estimation filters

Abstract

A direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) DSP implementation technique utilizing a unique combination of multiple filters, transforms, despreading algorithm and spectral compression, all in a single coefficient set, providing a highly efficient system requiring relatively nominal computational hardware and software requirements. Reallocatable computational resources allow for frequency uncertainty in the transmitter, without the typical excessive noise bandwidth penalties. The present system further contemplates a unique energy detection algorithm for discerning spread spectrum while in the search mode, utilizing several discrete sampling data sets to increase signal strength, reducing noise, while changing the relative phase of the received chipping code with respect to the received signal. The spectral compression of the spreading sequence is achieved by representing the PRC as an array of two, complimenting fractional coefficients. The PRC code is filtered to achieve the required spectral compression characteristics, resulting in minimal despreading loss, while providing interference rejection of CW signals greater than 1.5 MHz from the center IF frequency.

Claims

1. A direct sequence spread spectrum system for receiving packetized data bursts of aggregate data bandwidth of less than 120 Kbit/second, comprising:

a receiving means for receiving an RF signal;

a converting means for converting said RF signal to an IF signal;

an attenuation means for selectively attenuating one of said RF signal prior to conversion by said converting means and said IF signal;

a band-limiting means to band-limit said IF signal;

a digitizing means to digitize said band-limited IF signal using harmonic sampling techniques to produce a digital signal whose center frequency is greater than a chipping frequency of a spreading code of said IF signal;

a downconversion means to quadrature downconvert said digital signal to a baseband digital signal;

a despreading means to despread said baseband digital signal;

a filtering means to filter said despread baseband digital signal using plural filters each having a bandwidth of one of greater than and equal to a bandwidth of a signal of interest;

a detection means to detect candidate signals in at least one of the plural filters;

a selection means to select a filter for demodulation from the plural filters based on a candidate signal detected therein; and

a demodulation means to demodulate data from the candidate signal in the selected filter.

2. The system according to claim 1, wherein said downconversion means and said despreading means are combined and comprise:

a means to produce a digital pseudo-random code (PRC) for despreading;

a means to low-pass filter said digital PRC to produce a spectrally compressed digital PRC;

a means to produce a quadrature digital downconversion tone having a center frequency that coincides with the center frequency of the digital signal;

a mixing means for mixing said digital PRC with said quadrature digital downconversion tone producing a hybrid despread and downconvert signal; and

a means to downconvert and despread the digital signal by mixing said digital signal with said hybrid despread and downconvert signal.

3. The system according to claim 1, wherein said downconversion means and said despreading means are combined and comprise:

a means to pre-calculate and store for recall a digital pseudo-random code (PRC) for despreading;

a means to pre-calculate and store for recall a quadrature digital downconversion tone having a center frequency that coincides with the center frequency of the digital signal;

a means to pre-calculate and store for recall coefficients resulting from a mixing of said stored digital PRC with said stored quadrature digital downconversion tone to produce a hybrid despread and downconvert lookup table; and

a means to downconvert and despread the digital signal by mixing the digital signal with said coefficients stored in said hybrid despread and downconvert lookup table.

4. The system according to claim 1, wherein said downconversion means and said despreading means are combined and comprise:

a means to pre-calculate and store for recall a digital pseudo-random code (PRC) for despreading;

a means to low pass filter said stored digital PRC to produce a spectrally compressed digital PRC;

a means to pre-calculate and store for recall a quadrature digital downconversion tone having a center frequency that coincides with the center frequency of the digital signal;

a means to pre-calculate and store for recall coefficients resulting from a mixing of said stored digital PRC with said stored quadrature digital downconversion tone to produce a hybrid despread and downconvert lookup table;

a means to downconvert and despread the digital signal by mixing the digital signal with said coefficients stored in said hybrid despread and downconvert lookup table.

5. The system according to claim 1 wherein said plural filters have overlapping bandwidths to reduce between-channel loss.

6. The system according to claim 1, wherein said despreading means, said filtering means, and said detection means operate to perform a method for detecting candidate signals, comprising the steps of:

slipping one relative code phase of a PRC code utilized in despreading by said despreading means;

incrementing a PRC period counter;

collecting a data sample of the baseband digital signal despread by said despreading means for a duration of a period of said PRC;

determining a correlation power value in each of multiple channels defined by said plural filters of the collected data sample;

calculating a mean correlation power value in each of said multiple channels over a predetermined number of PRC periods;

applying a first trip algorithm based on a current maximum channel correlation value, the mean correlation power value, and a first threshold value to determine whether a first trip condition exists;

applying a second trip algorithm based on an average correlation power of the current and a previous maximum channel correlation value, the mean power value, and a second threshold value to determine whether a second trip condition exists;

selecting, if both said first and second trip conditions exist, the trip algorithm having a largest peak-to-noise power value (SNR);

verifying the trip corresponding to the selected algorithm by collecting an additional data sample, recalculating correlation and mean correlation power values, and reapplying the selected trip algorithm;

performing message demodulation if the trip corresponding to the selected trip algorithm was verified as valid; and

modifying the trip threshold value corresponding to the selected trip algorithm, if the trip corresponding to the selected trip algorithm was not verified as valid, by performing the substeps of,

incrementing a counter that counts false positive trips for the selected trip algorithm,

calculating a ratio of false positive trips against the a count of said PRC period counter;

increasing the threshold value corresponding to the selected trip algorithm if said false trip ratio is greater than a maximum target value, and

decreasing the threshold value corresponding to the selected trip algorithm if said false trip ratio is less than a minimum target value.

7. The system according to claim 1, further comprising:

a means to produce a digital pseudo-random code (PRC) for despreading;

a means to produce a quadrature digital downconversion tone having a center frequency that coincides with the center frequency of the digital IF signal;

a mixing means for mixing said digital PRC with said quadrature digital downconversion tone to produce a hybrid despread and downconvert signal; and

a means to downconvert and despread the digital IF signal by mixing said digital IF signal with said hybrid despread and downconvert signal.

8. The system according to claim 7, further comprising:

a decimation means for decimating said despread baseband digital signal when said baseband digital signal has a BW greater than a frequency ambiguity of said receiving means and a transmitter transmitting said RF signal, said decimation means comprising,

a means to decimate the despread baseband digital signal to a BW of greater than or equal to a bandwidth of said candidate signal and less than or equal to said frequency ambiguity, and

a means to further divide the decimated despread baseband digital signal into a plurality of adjacent filters.

9. The system according to claim 8, wherein said plurality of adjacent filters have overlapping bandwidths to reduce between-channel loss.

10. A method to enhance coarse search sensitivity in a direct sequence spread spectrum system utilizing dynamic thresholding techniques, comprising the steps of:

slipping one relative code phase of a pseudo-random code (PRC) used in despreading a received signal;

incrementing a PRC period counter;

collecting a data sample of said despread received signal for a duration of a period of said PRC;

determining a correlation power value in each of multiple channels of said data sample collected;

calculating a mean correlation power value in each of said multiple channels over a predetermined number of PRC periods;

applying a first trip algorithm based on a current maximum channel correlation value, the mean correlation power value, and a first threshold value to determine whether a first trip condition exists;

applying a second trip algorithm based on an average correlation power of the current and a previous maximum channel correlation value, the mean correlation power value, and a second threshold value to determine whether a second trip condition exists;

selecting, if both said first and second trip conditions exist, the trip algorithm having a largest peak-to-noise power value (SNR);

verifying the trip corresponding to the selected trip algorithm by collecting an additional data sample, recalculating correlation and mean correlation power values, and reapplying the selected trip algorithm;

performing message demodulation if the trip corresponding to the selected trip algorithm was verified as valid; and

modifying the trip threshold value corresponding to the selected trip algorithm, if the trip corresponding to the selected trip algorithm was not verified as valid, by performing the substeps of,

incrementing a counter that counts false positive trips for the selected trip algorithm,

calculating a ratio of false positive trips against the a count of said PRC period counter;

increasing the threshold value corresponding to the selected trip algorithm if said false trip ratio is greater than a maximum target value, and

decreasing the threshold value corresponding to the selected trip algorithm if said false trip ratio is less than a minimum target value.

11. A method to implement a downconversion and despread function in a direct sequence spread spectrum receiver, comprising the steps of:

producing a digital pseudo random code (PRC);

producing a quadrature digital downconversion tone whose center frequency coincides with a center frequency of a digital IF signal of said direct sequence spread spectrum receiver;

mixing said digital PRC with said quadrature digital downconversion tone to produce a hybrid despread and downconvert signal;

downconverting and despreading the digital IF signal by mixing said digital IF signal with said hybrid despread and downconvert signal.

12. The method according to claim 11, further comprising the steps of:

pre-calculating and pre-mixing said digital PRC and said quadrature digital downconversion tone to produce a hybrid despread and downconvert lookup table; and

storing said hybrid despread and downconvert lookup table for subsequent use.

13. A method to implement a downconversion and despread function in a direct sequence spread spectrum receiver, comprising the steps of:

producing a digital pseudo random code PRC;

filtering said PRC with a low-pass filter to produce a spectrally compressed PRC;

producing a quadrature digital downconversion tone whose center frequency coincides with a center frequency of a digital IF signal of said direct sequence spread spectrum system;

mixing said spectrally compressed PRC with said quadrature digital downconversion tone to produce a hybrid despread and downconvert signal;

downconverting and despreading the digital IF signal by mixing said digital IF signal with said hybrid despread and downconvert signal.

14. The method according to claim 13, further comprising the steps of:

pre-calculating and pre-mixing said spectrally compressed PRC and said quadrature digital downconversion tone to produce a hybrid despread and downconvert lookup table; and

storing said hybrid despread and downconvert lookup table for subsequent use.