Three-dimensional heat pipe

• US 5,921,315 A
• Filed: 06/07/1995
• Issued: 07/13/1999
• Est. Priority Date: 06/07/1995
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Heat Pipe Technology, Inc. (Berkshire Hathaway Incorporated)
• Original Assignee: Heat Pipe Technology, Inc. (Berkshire Hathaway Incorporated)
• Inventors: Dinh, Khanh
• Primary Examiner(s): Leo, Leonard R.
• Application Number:
  US08/487,151
• Time in Patent Office: 1,497 Days
• Field of Search: 165/104.14, 165/104.21, 165/104.22, 165/104.28, 165/104.29
• US Class Current: 165/104.21
• CPC Class Codes: F24F 3/153 with subsequent heating, i.e. with the air, given the required humidity in the central station, passing a heating element to achieve the required temperature
• CPC Class Codes: F28D 15/0266 with separate evaporating and condensing chambers connected by at least one conduit; Loop-type heat pipes; with multiple or common evaporating or condensing chambers F28D15/043 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: F28D 15/0275 Arrangements for coupling heat-pipes together or with other structures, e.g. with base blocks; Heat pipe cores

Abstract

A heat pipe heat exchanger is provided in the form of a serpentine heat pipe that does not have the ends of the individual tubes manifolded to one another via a straight pipe or via any other common connector. Instead, it has been discovered that heat pipes connected via U-bends to form a continuous coil function adequately. The serpentine heat pipe may include integral condenser and evaporator portions separated by a divider to form a one-slab heat exchanger, or separate evaporator and condenser coils connected to one another by vapor and return lines to form a two-section heat pipe. The heat pipe heat exchanger may be formed in a continuous closed-loop pipe so that the heat exchanger can operate with or without the aid of gravitational effects. A method of producing a serpentine heat pipe includes providing a plurality of U-shaped tubes which are interconnected to form a single serpentine heat pipe, one of the tubes having an open end, and inserting sufficient refrigerant in the one tube to allow each of the tubes to function as a separate heat pipe. The serpentine heat pipe heat exchanger may be used to increase the dehumidification capacity of an air conditioner.

Claims

1. A device, comprising:

a continuous valve-less closed-loop pipe, said continuous closed-loop pipe having at least first, second, third, and fourth generally longitudinal sections which are all spaced laterally from one another;

a wall that extends across each of said sections to divide each of said sections into a first portion and a substantially adjoining second portion of said continuous valve-less closed-loop pipe, wherein said first and second sections lie at least generally in a first plane and said third and fourth sections lie at least generally in a second plane which is spaced from said first plane; and

a refrigerant contained within said continuous valve-less closed-loop pipe, said refrigerant being capable of flowing

     1) from said first section and into said second sections and

     2) from said third and second and into said fourth section,

wherein said first portion of each of said sections serves as an evaporator and said second portion of said sections serves as a condenser so that said continuous valve-less closed-loop pipe forms a heat pipe, and

wherein said continuous valve-less closed-loop heat pipe, said wall, and said refrigerant are configured and arranged relative to one another such that, in operation, generally regardless of the orientation of said continuous valve-less closed-loop heat pipe relative to a horizontal plane,

     1) a first portion of the refrigerant continuously flows though the entire continuous valve-less closed-loop pipe in a loop and

     2) a second portion of the refrigerant continuously and bi-directionally flows within each of said sections between said evaporator and said condenser, the first portion of the refrigerant thereby transferring heat from the evaporator to the condenser and the second portion of the refrigerant thereby transferring heat within each of said sections.

2. The device of claim 1, further comprising at least one additional continuous closed-loop pipe with refrigerant to form a one-slab multiple row heat pipe heat exchanger.

3. A device of claim 1, wherein said first and second sections are connected by a curved section and said third and fourth sections are connected by a curved section.

4. A device as claimed in claim 1, wherein said wall has at least one flat surface.

5. A device as claimed in claim 4, wherein said at least one flat surface is substantially perpendicular to said at least two first generally longitudinal sections.

6. A method comprising:

providing a continuous valve-less closed-loop pipe having at least

     1) first, second, third, and fourth generally longitudinal sections which are all spaced laterally from one another, and

     2) a wall that extends across each of said sections to divide each of said sections into a first portion and a substantially adjoining second portion, wherein said first and second sections lie at least generally in a first plane and said third and fourth sections lie at least generally in a second plane which is spaced from said first plane;

inserting sufficient refrigerant within said continuous closed-loop pipe so that said first portion of each of said sections serves as an evaporator and said second portion of each of said sections serves as a condenser so that said continuous valve-less closed-loop pipe forms a heat pipe;

permitting first and second fluid bodies to flow over said first and second portions of said longitudinal sections;

absorbing heat from said first fluid body and dissipating heat into said second fluid body, wherein substantially the entire surface area of said continuous valve-less closed-loop pipe either absorbs or dissipates heat;

exchanging heat between said evaporator and said condenser, including the steps of

     1) causing a first portion of the refrigerant to continuously flow through the entire continuous valve-less closed-loop pipe in a loop and

     2) causing a second portion of the refrigerant to continuously and bi-directionally flow within each of the longitudinal sections between said evaporator and said condenser, wherein the heat exchanging step does not rely exclusively on gravitational forces and takes place generally regardless of the orientation of said continuous valve-less closed-loop heat pipe relative to a horizontal plane, wherein refrigerant flows

     1) from said first section and into said second and

     2) from said third section and into said fourth section.

7. The method of claim 6, further comprising:

installing said continuous closed-loop pipe in an air path so that a pumping action of the refrigerant is developed in said continuous closed-loop pipe.

8. The method of claim 6, further comprising:

selecting said continuous closed-loop pipe so when said continuous closed-loop pipe is placed in an air flow a pumping action of the refrigerant is developed.

9. The method as claimed in claim 6 wherein the step of providing comprises the step of providing the wall with at least one flat surface.

10. The method as claimed in claim 9, wherein the step of providing further comprises the step of arranging said at least one flat surface substantially perpendicular to said at least two first generally longitudinal sections.

11. A device, comprising:

a continuous valve-less closed-loop pipe, said continuous closed-loop pipe having at least first, second, third, and fourth generally longitudinal sections which are all spaced laterally from one another, said first and second sections lying at least generally in a first plane and said third and fourth sections lying at least generally in a second plane which is spaced from said first plane;

a wall that extends across each of said sections to divide each of said sections into a first portion and a substantially adjoining second portion of said continuous valve-less closed-loop pipe; and

a refrigerant contained within said continuous valve-less closed-loop pipe,

wherein said first portion of each of said sections serves as an evaporator and said second portion of each of said sections serves as a condenser so that said continuous valve-less closed-loop pipe forms a heat pipe, and

wherein said continuous valve-less closed-loop heat pipe, said wall, and said refrigerant are confused and arranged relative to one another such that, in operation, generally regardless of the orientation of the continuous valve-less closed-loop heat pipe relative to a horizontal plane,

     1) substantially the entire surface area of said continuous valve-less closed-loop pipe is not covered by said wall and can either absorb or dissipate heat,

     2) a first portion of the refrigerant continuously flows through the entire continuous valve-less closed-loop pipe in a loop, and

     3) a second portion of the refrigerant continuously and bi-directionally flows within each of said sections between said evaporator and said condenser, said fist portion of the refrigerant thereby transferring heat from said evaporator to said condenser and said second portion of said refrigerant thereby transferring heat within each of said sections.

12. A method comprising:

providing a continuous valve-less closed-loop heat pipe having at least first, second, third, and fourth generally parallel, spaced tubular sections, wherein

said first and second sections lie at least generally in a first plane a said third and fourth sections lie at least generally in a second plane which is spaced from said first plane,

wherein said heat pipe is charged with a refrigerant, and wherein

a wall extends across said first, second, third, and fourth sections to define an evaporator on one side of said wall and a condenser on another side of said wall;

directing a stream of hot fluid and a stream of cold fluid to flow over said evaporator and said condenser in opposite directions such that

     1) said stream of hot fluid flows through said first and second planes in sequence and

     2) said stream of cold fluid flows through said second and first planes in sequence; and

absorbing heat into said evaporator from said stream of hot fluid and dissipating heat into said stream of cold fluid from said condenser, wherein

said stream of bot fluid is cooled initially as it passes through said first plane and is cooled additionally as it passes though said second plane, wherein

said stream of cold fluid is heated initially as it passes through said second plane and is heated additionally as it passes through said first plane, wherein

refrigerant vaporizes in said evaporator and condenses in said condenser such that

     1) a first portion of the refrigerant continuously flows through the entire heat pipe in a loop, and

     2) a second portion of the refrigerant continuously and bi-directionally flows within each of the longitudinal sections between said evaporator and said condenser, and wherein

refrigerant flow through said heat pipe does not rely exclusively on gravitational forces and takes place generally regardless of the orientation of said heat pipe relative to a horizontal plane.