Control apparatus and method for motor to prevent motor drive circuit from being overloaded

• US 5,923,135 A
• Filed: 11/25/1997
• Issued: 07/13/1999
• Est. Priority Date: 11/27/1996
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Nissan Motor Co., Ltd.
• Original Assignee: Nissan Motor Co., Ltd.
• Inventors: Takeda, Yasushi
• Primary Examiner(s): Shoop, Jr., William M.
• Assistant Examiner(s): DUDA, RINA I
• Application Number:
  US08/978,006
• Time in Patent Office: 595 Days
• Field of Search: 318/432, 318/433, 318/434, 318/798, 318/800, 318/801, 318/802, 318/811, 363/95, 363/98, 363/141, 361/24
• US Class Current: 318/432
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 50/51 characterised by AC-motors
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 1/327 against abnormal temperatures
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 7/5387 in a bridge configuration
• CPC Class Codes: H03K 2017/0806 against excessive temperature
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/70 Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries

Abstract

Described are control apparatus and method for a motor applicable to an electric vehicle in which a motor drive circuit having a plurality of arms, each arm including same series-connected semiconductor switching devices for controllably switching a voltage applied thereacross from a DC power supply so as to apply an AC power to the motor, is associated with the motor, switching operations of the respective semiconductor switching devices so as to regulate a driving of the motor according to a torque instruction inputted thereto are controlled, a temperature having a correlation to a junction temperature of at least one semiconductor switching device is detected, the detected temperature is read, the junction temperature of the semiconductor switching device from the detected temperature is estimated, a determination is made whether the estimated junction temperature is above an allowable limit of the junction temperature, and an output of the motor drive circuit to the motor is adjusted so that the estimated junction temperature is equal to or below the allowable limit on the basis of a result of a determination that the estimated junction temperature is above the allowable limit.

Claims

1. A control apparatus for a motor, comprising:

a motor drive circuit having a plurality of arms, each arm including same series-connected semiconductor switching devices for switching a voltage applied thereacross from a DC power supply so as to apply an AC power to the motor;

a controller for controlling switching operations of the respective semiconductor switching devices so as to regulate a driving of the motor according to a torque instruction inputted thereto; and

a detector for detecting a temperature having a correlation to a junction temperature of at least one semiconductor switching device, and wherein the controller includes;

an estimator for reading the detected temperature and estimating the junction temperature of the semiconductor switching device from the detected temperature;

a determinator for determining whether the estimated junction temperature is above an allowable limit of the junction temperature; and

an adjuster for adjusting an output of the motor drive circuit to the motor so that the estimated junction temperature is equal to or below the allowable limit on the basis of a result of a determination by the determinator that the estimated junction temperature is above the allowable limit.

2. A control apparatus for a motor as claimed in claim 1, which further comprises a plurality of power modules installed for each pair of the same semiconductor switching devices, wherein the detector comprises a plurality of temperature sensors for detecting casing temperatures of the respective power modules, wherein the determinator comprises:

a second determinator for determining which is a maximum value from among the detected casing temperatures;

a third determinator for determining which is a minimum value from among the detected casing temperatures;

a fourth determinator for determining a difference between the maximum value and the minimum value;

a comparator for comparing the difference with a predetermined threshold value; and

a fifth determinator for determining whether the difference is above the predetermined threshold value, and wherein the adjuster adjusts an output current of the motor drive circuit to the motor so as to reduce the difference equal to or below the predetermined threshold value when the fifth determinator determines that the difference is above the predetermined threshold value.

3. A control apparatus for a motor as claimed in claim 2, wherein the predetermined threshold value corresponds to the allowable limit of the junction temperature up to which the junction temperature of one of the semiconductor switching devices whose casing temperature has been detected as the maximum value is allowed to be raised.

4. A control apparatus for a motor as claimed in claim 3, wherein the motor is a three-phase induction motor and the detector comprises three thermisters for detecting the casing temperatures in the respective U, V, and W-phase power modules.

5. A control apparatus for a motor as claimed in claim 2, which further comprises a revolution speed detector for detecting a revolution speed of the motor and a sixth determinator for determining whether the detected revolution speed is so low as to be equal to or below a predetermined speed value and wherein the estimator and the adjuster are effected when the revolution speed of the motor is equal to or below the predetermined speed value.

6. A control apparatus for a motor as claimed in claim 1, which further comprises a plurality of power modules installed for each of the same semiconductor switching devices, wherein the detector comprises a plurality of temperature sensors for detecting casing temperatures of the respective power modules, wherein the determinator comprises:

a second determinator for determining which is a maximum value from among the detected casing temperatures;

a third determinator for determining which is a minimum value from among the detected casing temperatures;

a fourth determinator for determining a difference between the maximum value and the minimum value;

a comparator for comparing the difference with a predetermined threshold value; and

a fifth determinator for determining whether the difference is above the predetermined threshold value, and wherein the adjuster adjusts an output current of the motor drive circuit to the motor so as to reduce the difference equal to or below the predetermined threshold value when the fifth determinator determines that the difference is above the predetermined threshold value.

7. A control apparatus for a motor as claimed in claim 1, which further comprises a plurality of power modules installed for each pair of the same semiconductor switching devices and wherein the detector comprises a plurality of temperature sensors for detecting casing temperatures of the respective power modules and the estimator estimates the junction temperature of the one of the semiconductor switching devices whose corresponding casing temperature is a maximum from among the detected casing temperatures.

8. A control apparatus for a motor as claimed in claim 1, water cooling motor drive circuit and the estimator estimates the junction temperature of the one of the semiconductor switching devices from the detected coolant temperature.

9. A control apparatus for a motor as claimed in claim 1, which further comprises a plurality of power modules installed for each pair of the same semiconductor switching devices and wherein the detector comprises a plurality of temperature sensors for detecting casing temperatures of the respective power modules and the estimator comprises a first estimator for estimating the junction temperature (Tj11) of the one of the semiconductor switching devices whose corresponding casing temperature is a maximum (Tcmax) from among the detected casing temperatures, and and wherein the detector comprises a coolant temperature sensor for detecting a coolant temperature of water cooling motor drive circuit, the estimator further comprises a second estimator for estimating the junction temperature (Tj22) of one of the semiconductor switching devices from the detected coolant temperature (Tw), and the determinator further comprises a second determinator for determining which one of the estimated junction temperatures (Tj11 or Tj22) by the first and second estimators is larger than the other thereof and for determining that the larger one of the estimated junction temperature is the estimated junction temperature (Tj).

10. A control apparatus for a motor as claimed in claim 1, which further comprises a plurality of power modules installed for each of the same semiconductor switching devices and wherein the detector comprises a plurality of temperature sensors for detecting casing temperatures of the respective power modules and the estimator estimates the junction temperature of the one of the semiconductor switching devices whose corresponding casing temperature is a maximum from among the detected casing temperatures.

11. A control apparatus for a motor as claimed in claim 9, wherein the motor is a three-phase motor used for an electric vehicle as a prime mover and each semiconductor switching device comprises an IGBT.

12. A control apparatus for a motor as claimed in claim 11, which further comprises a current detector for detecting an output current of the motor drive circuit and wherein the first estimator estimates the junction temperature from one of the detected casing temperatures which indicates the maximum using the following equation:

space="preserve" listing-type="equation">Tj(Tj11)=P·

θ

1+Tc,

wherein P denotes a collector loss of the IGBT derived on the basis of the output current of the motor drive circuit, θ

1 denotes a thermal resistance established between a junction part of the IGBT and a casing of the corresponding one of the power modules, and Tc=Tcmax and the second estimator estimates the junction temperature of the IGBT from the coolant temperature (Tw) using the following equation;

space="preserve" listing-type="equation">Tj(Tj22)=P·

(θ

1+θ

2)+Tw,

wherein θ

2 denotes a thermal resistance established between the coolant and the casing of the corresponding one of the power modules.

13. A control apparatus for a motor as claimed in claim 12, wherein the adjuster adjustably reduces the output current of the motor drive circuit so that the estimated junction temperature is equal to or below the allowable limit when the determinator determines that the estimated junction temperature is above the allowable limit.

14. A control apparatus for a motor as claimed in claim 13, wherein the adjuster adjustably reduces an on duty ratio of a pulse signal to be applied to each gate of the IGBTs so as to adjustably reduce the output current of the motor drive circuit to the motor.

15. A control apparatus for a motor, comprising:

a motor drive circuit having a plurality of arms, each arm including series-connected semiconductor switching devices for switching a voltage applied thereacross from a DC power supply so as to apply an AC power to the motor;

controlling means for controlling switching operations of the respective semiconductor switching devices so as to regulate a driving of the motor according to a torque instruction inputted thereto;

detecting means for detecting a temperature having a correlation to a junction temperature of at least one semiconductor switching device;

estimating means for reading the detected temperature and estimating the junction temperature of the semiconductor switching device from the detected temperature;

determining means for determining whether the estimated junction temperature is above an allowable limit of the junction temperature; and

adjusting means for adjusting an output of the motor drive circuit to the motor so that the estimated junction temperature is equal to or below the allowable limit on the basis of a result of the determination by the determining means that the estimated junction temperature is above the allowable limit.

16. A control method for a motor associated with a motor drive circuit having a plurality of arms, each arm including same series-connected semiconductor switching devices for controllably switching a voltage applied thereacross from a DC power supply so as to apply an AC power to the motor, the control method comprising the steps of:

controlling switching operations of the respective semiconductor switching devices so as to regulate a driving of the motor according to a torque instruction inputted thereto;

detecting a temperature having a correlation to a junction temperature of at least one semiconductor switching device;

reading the detected temperature;

estimating the junction temperature of the semiconductor switching device from the detected temperature;

determining whether the estimated junction temperature is above an allowable limit of the junction temperature; and

adjusting an output of the motor drive circuit to the motor so that the estimated junction temperature is equal to or below the allowable limit on the basis of a result of a determination that the estimated junction temperature is above the allowable limit.