High side driver circuit with diagnostic output

• US 5,923,210 A
• Filed: 05/07/1997
• Issued: 07/13/1999
• Est. Priority Date: 05/07/1997
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Caterpillar Incorporated
• Original Assignee: Caterpillar Incorporated
• Inventors: Gottshall, Paul C., Le, Long T.
• Primary Examiner(s): TON, MY TRANG
• Application Number:
  US08/852,483
• Time in Patent Office: 797 Days
• Field of Search: 327/427, 327/431, 327/432, 327/434, 327/437, 327/440, 327/478, 327/483, 327/475, 327/538, 327/540, 327/541, 327/543, 327/546, 327/576, 327/581, 327/389, 327/52, 327/63 , 327/90, 327/108
• US Class Current: 327/538
• CPC Class Codes: H03K 17/063 in field-effect transistor switches
• CPC Class Codes: H03K 17/18 Modifications for indicating state of switch

Abstract

A high side driver circuit includes a command voltage source, a first switching transistor having a base connected to the command voltage source, an emitter connected to ground, and a collector connected to a second switching transistor base. The second switching transistor includes an emitter connected to an electrical energy source through an internal voltage source. A power transistor includes a gate connected to the second switching transistor collector through a resistor, a drain connected to the electrical energy source through a sense resistor, and a source connected to a load. A diagnostic circuit portion including a comparator establishes a diagnostic output voltage based upon the state of the power transistor and characteristics of the power transistor drain and source for indicating fault conditions of the driver circuit.

Claims

1. A driver circuit, comprising:

a command voltage source;

an npn switching transistor having a collector, a base and an emitter, the base connected to the command voltage source, the emitter connected to ground;

a pnp switching transistor having a collector, a base, and an emitter, the base connected to the npn switching transistor collector;

an electrical energy source;

an internal voltage source connected between the electrical energy source and the pnp switching transistor emitter;

a power transistor having a drain, a source, and a gate, the drain connected to the electrical energy source through a sense resistor, the source connected to a load; and

a first resistor connected between the pnp switching transistor collector and the power transistor gate.

2. A driver circuit, as set forth in claim 1, further comprising:

a diagnostic circuit portion for indicating the occurrence of a fault condition in the driver circuit, the diagnostic circuit portion including;

a comparator having a positive input terminal, a negative input terminal, an output terminal, and a ground terminal, the positive input terminal connected to a first reference voltage, the negative input terminal connected to a second reference voltage, the ground terminal connected to ground;

a second pnp switching transistor having a collector, a base, and an emitter, the base connected between the sense resistor and the power transistor drain, the emitter connected to the electrical energy source, and the collector connected to the comparator negative input terminal;

a second resistor connected in series with the first resistor between the power transistor gate and the comparator positive input terminal; and

a first zener diode connected between the comparator positive input terminal and ground.

3. A driver circuit, as set forth in claim 2, wherein the diagnostic circuit portion further includes:

a first diode having an anode terminal and a cathode terminal, the cathode terminal connected to the power transistor source, the anode terminal connected to the second pnp switching transistor collector through a third resistor; and

a fourth resistor having a first side connected between the first resistor and the second resistor and a second side connected to ground.

4. A driver circuit, as set forth in claim 3, wherein the diagnostic circuit portion further includes:

a second diode having an anode terminal connected to the comparator negative input terminal and a cathode terminal connected to a third reference voltage.

5. A driver circuit, as set forth in claim 4, further comprising:

a second zener diode connected between the power transistor gate and the power transistor source;

a first capacitor having a first side connected to the power transistor source and a second side connected to ground; and

a third diode connected in parallel with the first capacitor.

6. A driver circuit, as set forth in claim 1, wherein the power transistor is an N-channel MOSFET.

7. A driver circuit, comprising:

an electrical energy source;

a power transistor including a drain, a gate, and a source, the source connected to a load;

a sense resistor connected between the electrical energy source and the power transistor drain;

a first switching transistor having an emitter, a base, and a collector, the emitter connected to the electrical energy source, the base connected between the sense resistor and the power transistor drain; and

a comparator including a positive input terminal, a negative input terminal and an output terminal, the positive input terminal connected with the power transistor gate, the negative input terminal connected with the first switching transistor collector and with the power transistor source.

8. A driver circuit, as set forth in claim 7, wherein the comparator negative input terminal is connected with the power transistor source through a first diode.

9. A driver circuit, as set forth in claim 8, further comprising.

a first resistor connected between the comparator negative input terminal and the switching transistor collector;

a second resistor connected between the comparator positive input terminal and the power transistor gate;

a third resistor having a first side connected between the second resistor and the power transistor gate and a second side connected to ground; and

a first zener diode connected between the comparator positive input terminal and ground.

10. A driver circuit, as set forth in claim 9, further comprising:

a fourth resistor connected between the comparator positive input terminal and a first reference voltage; and

a fifth resistor connected between the comparator negative input terminal and a second reference voltage.

11. A driver circuit, as set forth in claim 10, further comprising:

a second switching transistor and an internal voltage source connected in series between the electrical energy source and the power transistor gate;

a command voltage source associated with the base of the second switching transistor for controlling the switching thereof; and

a second zener diode connected between the power transistor gate and the power transistor source.

12. A method of detecting a fault condition of a driver circuit including a power transistor having a drain, a gate and a source, the method comprising the steps of:

(a) sensing a characteristic of the power transistor drain;

(b) sensing a characteristic of the power transistor source;

(c) establishing a voltage indicative of at least one of the characteristics sensed in steps (a) and (b);

(d) establishing a voltage indicative of whether the power transistor is in an on state;

(e) comparing the voltage established in step (c) with the voltage established in step (d); and

(f) establishing a diagnostic output voltage based upon the comparison made in step (e).

13. A method, as set forth in claim 12, wherein the characteristic of the power transistor drain sensed in step (a) is whether the current flowing into the power transistor exceeds a predetermined level.

14. A method as set forth in claim 12, wherein the characteristic of the power transistor source sensed in step (b) is a voltage of the power transistor source.

15. A method as set forth in claim 12, wherein the characteristic of the power transistor source sensed in step (b) is an open circuit condition thereof.

16. A method, as set forth in claim 12, wherein, if the voltage established in step (c) is greater than the voltage established in step (d), the diagnostic output voltage established in step (f) is indicative of a fault condition of the driver circuit.

17. A method, as set forth in claim 16, wherein, a fault indicative voltage established at step (f) is indicative of a first fault condition if the power transistor is on and is indicative of a second fault condition if the power transistor is off.

18. A method, as set forth in claim 17, wherein the first fault condition is a short circuit condition and the second fault condition is an open circuit condition.