Planar antenna design

• US 5,926,147 A
• Filed: 04/22/1997
• Issued: 07/20/1999
• Est. Priority Date: 08/25/1995
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Nokia Technologies Oy (Nokia Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Nokia Telecommunications Oy (Nokia Corporation)
• Inventors: Sehm, Tomas, Lehto, Arto, Raisanen, Antti
• Primary Examiner(s): Kim, Robert H.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Lauchman, Layla G.
• Application Number:
  US08/836,115
• Time in Patent Office: 819 Days
• Field of Search: 343/776, 343/778, 343/777, 343/780, 343/786
• US Class Current: 343/776
• CPC Class Codes: H01Q 21/0087 Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing antenna arrays manufacturing waveguides H01P11/00
• CPC Class Codes: H01Q 21/061 Two dimensional planar arrays

Abstract

An antenna design includes a plurality of radiating elements which radiate electro-magnetic energy, and feeders which feed the electromagnetic energy to the radiating elements. The feeders have a supply network substantially at the same level in the antenna thickness direction. In order to achieve a small antenna with adequate properties for radio link usage, the radiating elements are arranged next to the supply network in the thickness direction and include box horn antennas which have a step, characteristic of a box horn, in the plane of the magnetic field.

Claims

1. An antenna, said antenna comprising:

a plurality of radiating elements which radiate electromagnetic energy; and

feeders which feed said electromagnetic energy to said radiating elements, said feeders comprise a supply network substantially at the same level in an antenna thickness direction,

wherein said radiating elements are arranged next to said supply network in said antenna thickness direction and comprise box horn antennas, said box horn antennas having a step in the plane of the magnetic field.

2. The antenna as claimed in claim 1, said antenna further comprising

a first part and a second part, said second part being disposed on said first part, said first part comprising said supply network and said second part comprising said box horn antennas.

3. The antenna as claimed in claim 1, wherein said supply network comprises waveguides, said waveguides having a substantially rectangular cross-section and in which power is divided to said radiating elements by T-junctions.

4. The antenna as claimed in claim 3, wherein at least some of said T-junctions being provided with a triangular divider, said triangular divider having a rounded tip to improve matching.

5. An antenna, said antenna comprising:

a plurality of radiating elements which radiate electromagnetic energy; and

feeders which feed said electromagnetic energy to said radiating elements, said feeders comprise a supply network substantially at the same level in an antenna thickness direction,

wherein said radiating elements are arranged next to said supply network in said antenna thickness direction and comprise box horn antennas, said box horn antennas having a step in the plane of the magnetic fields,

wherein said supply network comprises waveguides, said waveguides having a substantially rectangular cross-section and in which power is divided to said radiating elements by T-junctions,

wherein at least some of said T-junctions being provided with a triangular divider, said triangular divider having a rounded tip to improve matching, and

wherein at least in some of said T-junctions, said triangular divider, and said feeder guide being shifted sideways in relation to each other so as to alter power distribution from an even distribution.

6. An antenna, said antenna comprising:

a plurality of radiating elements which radiate electromagnetic energy; and

feeders which feed said electromagnetic energy to said radiating elements, said feeders comprise a supply network substantially at the same level in an antenna thickness direction,

wherein said radiating elements are arranged next to said supply network in said antenna thickness direction and comprise box horn antennas, said box horn antennas having a step in the plane of the magnetic field, and

wherein said box horn antennas open linearly in the plane of the magnetic field at least after said step.

7. An antenna, said antenna comprising:

a first planar element;

a second planar element, said second planar element being mounted on top of said first planar element,

wherein said second planar element comprising a plurality of horn antennas for radiating electromagnetic energy, each of said box horn antennas having a waveguide with an output and a feeding opening, said output opens to a top surface of said second planar element and said feeding opening opens to a bottom surface of said second planar element,

wherein said first planar element comprising a supply network of waveguides on a top surface thereof, said supply network feeds said electromagnetic energy to said box horn antennas through said feeding openings, and

wherein each of said box horn antennas comprising a step-like change, said step-like change having a diameter in a direction parallel to the magnetic field of said electromagnetic energy.

8. The antenna as claimed in claim 7, wherein said diameter of said box horn antenna waveguide increases linearly from said step-like change to said top surface of the second planar element.

9. An antenna as claimed in claim 7, wherein said supply network comprises waveguides, said waveguides having a substantially rectangular cross-section and in which power is divided to said radiating elements by T-junctions.

10. An antenna as claimed in claim 8, wherein said supply network comprises waveguides, said waveguides having a substantially rectangular cross-section and in which power is divided to said radiating elements by T-junctions.

11. An antenna as claimed in claim 9, wherein at least some of said T-junctions being provided with a triangular divider, said triangular divider having a rounded tip to improve matching.

12. An antenna as claimed in claim 10, wherein at least some of said T-junctions being provided with a triangular divider, said triangular divider having a rounded tip to improve matching.

13. An antenna as claimed in claim 11, wherein at least some of said T-junctions, said triangular divider, and said feeder guide being shifted sideways in relation to each other so as to alter power distribution from an even distribution.

14. An antenna as claimed in claim 12, wherein at least some of said T-junctions, said triangular divider, and said feeder guide being shifted sideways in relation to each other so as to alter power distribution from an even distribution.