System and method for certifying content of hard-copy documents

• US 5,926,551 A
• Filed: 12/28/1995
• Issued: 07/20/1999
• Est. Priority Date: 12/28/1995
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: International Business Machines Corporation
• Original Assignee: International Business Machines Corporation
• Inventors: Pestoni, Florian, Dwork, Cynthia, Naor, Moni
• Primary Examiner(s): CANGIALOSI, SALVATORE A
• Application Number:
  US08/579,750
• Time in Patent Office: 1,300 Days
• Field of Search: 380/23, 380/25, 380/51
• US Class Current: 380/51
• CPC Class Codes: G07B 17/00508 Printing or attaching on mailpieces printing mechanisms B41J; security printing B41M3/14; marking methods B41M5/00; inks C09D11/00; record carriers with at least a part designed to carry digital markings G06K19/00
• CPC Class Codes: G07B 17/00733 Cryptography or similar special procedures in a franking system
• CPC Class Codes: G07B 2017/00443 Verification of mailpieces, e.g. by checking databases
• CPC Class Codes: G07B 2017/0058 Printing of code
• CPC Class Codes: G07B 2017/00588 Barcode
• CPC Class Codes: G07B 2017/00766 Digital signature, e.g. DSA, DSS, ECDSA, ESIGN
• CPC Class Codes: G07B 2017/00782 Hash function, e.g. MD5, MD2, SHA
• CPC Class Codes: G07B 2017/00927 Certificates, e.g. X.509
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 2209/60 Digital content management, e.g. content distribution
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 9/3247 involving digital signatures

Abstract

A system and method are provided for facilitating proof that a specific item, such as a document, has been sent via a communication medium, such as the mail service of the United States Postal Service, at a specific time. A bit map image is produced, such as by scanning a hard copy document. Preferably the bit map is compressed into a data string and hashed. The hash file is signed by a certifying authority, such as the USPS, using an existentially unforgeable signature scheme. The original document, a code representation of the string, and a code representation of the signature are sent via the communication medium. As a result, the combination of materials sent provides proof of the authenticity of the content of the document.

Claims

1. A method for certifying content of a hard-copy document for dispatch using physical delivery from a sender to a recipient, the method comprising the steps of:

producing a digital representation of a hard-copy document at a certifying agent;

obtaining a digital signature for the digital representation of the hard-copy document from the certifying agent using an existentially unforgeable signature scheme, the digital signature being a function of the digital representation of the hard-copy document; and

at the certifying agent, the certifying agent providing

a physical representation of the digital signature, and

a physical representation of the digital representation of the hard-copy document, as proof that the content of the hard-copy document was certified by the certifying agent at dispatch for physical delivery of the hard-copy document from a sender to a recipient.

2. A method as recited in claim 1, wherein the step of producing includes the step of scanning the hard-copy document to generate a bit-map image of the hard-copy document.

3. A method as recited in claim 2, wherein the step of producing further includes the steps of:

compressing the bit-map image to generate a data string; and

performing a hash function on the string to generate a hashed file.

4. A method as recited in claim 1, wherein:

the method further comprises the step of concatenating date information with the digital representation of the hard-copy document; and

the step of obtaining a digital signature is performed on the concatenation of the date information and the digital representation of the hard-copy document, the digital signature being a function of the digital representation of the hard-copy document concatenated with the date information.

5. A method as recited in claim 3, wherein:

the method further comprises the step of concatenating date information with the hashed file; and

the step of obtaining a digital signature is performed on the concatenation of the date information and the hashed file, the digital signature being a function of the hashed file concatenated with the date information.

6. The method as recited in claim 1, further comprising the step of providing a physical package including

the hard-copy document, the physical representation of the digital signature, and the physical representation of the digital representation of the hard-copy document, for physical delivery of the package from a sender to a recipient.

7. A method as recited in claim 1, wherein:

the hard-copy document is to be physically delivered from a sender to a recipient by means of a physical communication agent; and

the step of obtaining a digital signature includes obtaining the digital signature from the physical communication agent, the physical communication agent being the certifying agent.

8. The method as recited in claim 7, wherein:

the physical communication agent comprises a representative of a carrier service providing hard-copy document physical delivery functions aftributed to a post office.

9. The method as recited in claim 6, wherein

the physical representation of the digital signature is a two-dimensional code representation of the digital signature that is printed on a hard-copy document, and wherein

the physical representation of the digital representation of the hard-copy document is a two-dimensional code representation of the digital representation of the hard-copy document that is printed on a hard-copy document, and wherein

the package includes the hard-copy document, the two-dimensional code representation of the digital signature printed on a hard-copy document, and the two-dimensional code representation of the digital representation of the hard-copy document printed on a hard-copy document.

10. A system for certifying content of a hard-copy document for dispatch using physical delivery from a sender to a recipient, the system comprising:

means for producing a digital representation of the hard-copy document;

means for obtaining a digital signature for the digital representation of the hard-copy document from a certifying agent using an existentially unforgeable signature scheme, the digital signature being a function of the digital representation of the hard-copy document; and

means for providing a physical representation of the digital signature and a physical representation of the digital representation of the hard-copy document as proof that the content of the hard-copy document was certified by the certifying agent at dispatch for physical delivery of the hard-copy document from a sender to a recipient.

11. A system as recited in claim 10, wherein the means for producing includes means for scanning the hard-copy document to generate a bit-map image of the hard-copy document.

12. A system as recited in claim 11, wherein the means for producing further includes:

means for compressing the bit-map image to generate a data string; and

means for performing a hash function on the string to generate a hashed file.

13. A system as recited in claim 10, wherein:

the system further comprises means for concatenating date information with the digital representation of the hard-copy document; and

the means for obtaining a digital signature is operable on the concatenation of the date information and the digital representation of the hard-copy document, the digital signature being a function of the digital representation of the hard-copy document concatenated with the date information.

14. A system as recited in claim 12, wherein:

The system further comprises means for concatenating date information with the hashed file; and

the means for obtaining a digital signature is operable on the concatenation of the date information and the hashed file, the digital signature being a function of the hashed file concatenated with the date information.

15. The method as recited in claim 10, further comprising means for providing a physical package including

the hard-copy document, the physical representation of the digital signature, and the physical representation of the digital representation of the hard-copy document, for physical delivery of the package from a sender to a recipient.

16. A system as recited in claim 10, wherein:

the hard-copy document is to be physically delivered from a sender to a recipient by means of a physical communication agent; and

the means for obtaining a digital signature includes means for obtaining the digital signature from the physical communication agent, the physical communication agent being the certifying agent.

17. The method as recited in claim 15, wherein

the physical representation of the digital signature is a two-dimensional code representation of the digital signature that is printed on a hard-copy document, and wherein

the physical representation of the digital representation of the hard-copy document is a two-dimensional code representation of the digital representation of the hard-copy document that is printed on a hard-copy document, and wherein

the package includes the hard-copy document, the two-dimensional code representation of the digital signature printed on a hard-copy document, and the two-dimensional code representation of the digital representation of the hard-copy document printed on a hard-copy document.

18. A computer program product, for use with a processing system, for certifying content of a hard-copy document for dispatch using physical delivery from a sender to a recipient, the computer program product comprising:

a computer-usable medium;

means, provided on the computer usable medium, for directing the processing system to produce a digital representation of the hard-copy document;

means, provided on the computer usable medium, for directing the processing system to obtain a digital signature for the digital representation of the hard-copy document from a certifying agent using an existentially unforgeable signature scheme, the digital signature being a function of the digital representation of the hard-copy document; and

means, provided on the computer usable medium, for directing the processing system to provide a physical representation of the digital signature and a physical representation of the digital representation of the hard-copy document as proof that the content of the hard-copy document was certified by the certifying agent at dispatch for physical delivery of the hard-copy document from a sender to a recipient.

19. A computer program product as recited in claim 18, wherein the means for directing to produce includes means, provided on the computer usable medium, for directing the processing system to scan the hard-copy document to generate a bit-map image of the data object.

20. A computer program product as recited in claim 19, wherein the means for directing to produce further includes:

means, provided on the computer usable medium, for directing the processing system to compress the bit-map image to generate a data string; and

means, provided on the computer usable medium, for directing the processing system to perform a hash function on the string to generate a hashed file.

21. A computer program product as recited in claim 18, wherein:

the computer program product further comprises means, provided on the computer usable medium, for directing the processing system to concatenate date information with the digital representation of the hard-copy document; and

the means for directing to obtain a digital signature is operable on the concatenation of the date information and the digital representation of the hard-copy document, the digital signature being a function of the digital representation of the hard-copy document concatenated with the date information.

22. A computer program product as recited in claim 20, wherein:

the computer program product further comprises means, provided on the computer usable medium, for directing the processing system to concatenate date information with the hashed file; and

the means for directing to obtain a digital signature is operable on the concatenation of the date information and the hashed file, the digital signature being a function of the hashed file concatenated with the date information.

23. A computer program product as recited in claim 18, wherein:

the hard-copy document is to be physically delivered from a sender to a recipient by means of a physical communication agent; and

the means for directing to obtain a digital signature includes means, provided on the computer usable medium, for directing the processing system to obtain the digital signature from the physical communication agent, the physical communication agent being the certifying agent.