Fuel-cells system, electric vehicle with fuel-cells system, and method of controlling supply of electric power

• US 5,929,594 A
• Filed: 08/14/1997
• Issued: 07/27/1999
• Est. Priority Date: 08/29/1996
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha (Toyota Motor Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha (Toyota Motor Corporation)
• Inventors: Tohata, Yoshikazu, Kimura, Yoshio, Nonobe, Yasuhiro
• Primary Examiner(s): Wong, Peter S.
• Assistant Examiner(s): TOATLEY, GREGORY J
• Application Number:
  US08/911,049
• Time in Patent Office: 712 Days
• Field of Search: 320/104, 320/126, 320/128, 320/132, 320/134, 320/135, 320/136, 320/DIG. 34
• US Class Current: 320/104
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2260/56 Temperature prediction, e.g. for pre-cooling
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 58/30 for monitoring or controlling fuel cells
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 58/33 by cooling
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 58/34 by heating
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 16/006 of fuel cells with rechargeable batteries
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 2250/20 Fuel cells in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/04559 of fuel cell stacks
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/04589 of fuel cell stacks
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/04597 of auxiliary devices, e.g. batteries, capacitors
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/04626 of auxiliary devices, e.g. batteries, capacitors
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/04917 of auxiliary devices, e.g. batteries, capacitors
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/04947 of auxiliary devices, e.g. batteries, capacitors
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/10 Energy storage using batteries
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/50 Fuel cells
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 90/40 Application of hydrogen technology to transportation, e.g. using fuel cells

Abstract

In a fuel-cells system 10 including a stack of fuel cells 20 and a storage battery 30, the remaining charge of the storage battery 30 is measured by a remaining charge monitor 46. In case that the observed remaining charge of the storage battery 30 is less than a predetermined reference value, a control unit 50 outputs a driving signal to an inverter 80, in order to restrict the consumption of electric power by a motor 32. When it is determined that the output state of the storage battery 30 is in the discharging state, based on the output electric current of the storage battery 30 measured by a current sensor 90, the control unit 50 further limits the electric power consumed by the motor 32. These processes are repeatedly carried out to charge the storage battery 30 and recover the remaining charge of the storage battery 30 to a sufficient level.

Claims

1. A fuel-cells system comprising a stack of fuel cells and a storage battery connected parallel to each other and to a loading and giving a supply of electric power from said stack of fuel cells and said storage battery to said loading, said fuel-cells system comprising:

remaining charge detection means for detecting a remaining charge of said storage battery; and

output control means for, when said detected remaining charge of said storage battery is less than a predetermined level, restricting the supply of electric power to said loading.

2. A fuel-cells system in accordance with claim 1, said fuel-cells system connected to a plurality of loads included in said loading,

wherein said output control means cuts the supply of electric power to at least one load among said plurality of loads and thereby restricts the supply of electric power to said loading.

3. A fuel-cells system in accordance with claim 1, wherein said output control means limits the supply of electric power to said loading to a predetermined value, in order to enable said stack of fuel cells to charge said storage battery.

4. A fuel-cells system in accordance with claim 1, wherein said remaining charge detection means comprises:

electric current measurement means for measuring at least two electric currents selected among a fuel-cells current output from said stack of fuel cells, a storage battery current output from said storage battery, and an overall electric current, which is a sum of said fuel-cells current and said storage battery current; and

means for detecting the remaining charge of said storage battery based on said at least two electric currents measured by said electric current measurement means.

5. A fuel-cells system in accordance with claim 2, wherein said remaining charge detection means comprises:

electric current measurement means for measuring at least two electric currents selected among a fuel-cells current output from said stack of fuel cells, a storage battery current output from said storage battery, and an overall electric current, which is a sum of said fuel-cells current and said storage battery current; and

means for detecting the remaining charge of said storage battery based on said at least two electric currents measured by said electric current measurement means.

6. A fuel-cells system in accordance with claim 3, wherein said remaining charge detection means comprises:

electric current measurement means for measuring at least two electric currents selected among a fuel-cells current output from said stack of fuel cells, a storage battery current output from said storage battery, and an overall electric current, which is a sum of said fuel-cells current and said storage battery current; and

means for detecting the remaining charge of said storage battery based on said at least two electric currents measured by said electric current measurement means.

7. A fuel-cells system in accordance with claim 1, wherein said remaining charge detection means comprises:

current measurement means for measuring a storage battery current output from said storage battery;

voltage measurement means for measuring a voltage in said fuel-cells system; and

means for detecting the remaining charge of said storage battery based on said storage battery current measured by said current measurement means and said voltage measured by said voltage measurement means.

8. A fuel-cells system in accordance with claim 2, wherein said remaining charge detection means comprises:

current measurement means for measuring a storage battery current output from said storage battery;

voltage measurement means for measuring a voltage in said fuel-cells system; and

means for detecting the remaining charge of said storage battery based on said storage battery current measured by said current measurement means and said voltage measured by said voltage measurement means.

9. A fuel-cells system in accordance with claim 3, wherein said remaining charge detection means comprises:

current measurement means for measuring a storage battery current output from said storage battery;

voltage measurement means for measuring a voltage in said fuel-cells system; and

means for detecting the remaining charge of said storage battery based on said storage battery current measured by said current measurement means and said voltage measured by said voltage measurement means.

10. An electric vehicle having a motor rotated by electrical energy and means for transmitting a rotational force of said motor to an axle, thereby producing a driving force for said vehicle,

said electric vehicle having a fuel-cells system mounted thereon, said power supply system comprising a stack of fuel cells and a storage battery connected parallel to each other and to said motor and giving a supply of electric power from said stack of fuel cells and said storage battery to said motor, said fuel-cells system comprising:

remaining charge detection means for detecting a remaining charge of said storage battery; and

output control means for, when the remaining charge of said storage battery detected by said remaining charge detection means is less than a predetermined level, restricting the supply of electric power to said motor.

11. An electric vehicle in accordance with claim 10, wherein said output control means controls operation of said motor, thereby restricting the supply of electric power to said motor.

12. A method of controlling the supply of electric power to said loading, using a fuel-cells system comprising a stack of fuel cells and a storage battery connected parallel to each other and to said loading and giving a supply of electric power from said stack of fuel cells and said storage battery to said loading, said method comprising the steps of:

(a) detecting a remaining charge of said storage battery; and

(b) restricting the supply of electric power to said loading when the remaining charge of said storage battery detected in said step (a) is not greater than a predetermined level.

13. A method in accordance with claim 12, wherein said step (b) comprises the step of:

cutting the supply of electric power to at least one load among a plurality of loads included in said loading, and thereby restricting the supply of electric power to said loading.

14. A method in accordance with claim 12, wherein said step (b) comprises the step of:

limiting the supply of electric power to said loading to a predetermined value, in order to enable said stack of fuel cells to charge said storage battery.

15. A method in accordance with claim 12, wherein said step (a) comprises the steps of:

(a-1) measuring at least two electric currents selected among a fuel-cells current output from said stack of fuel cells, a storage battery current output from said storage battery, and an overall electric current, which is a sum of said fuel-cells current and said storage battery current; and

(a-2) detecting the remaining charge of said storage battery based on said at least two electric currents measured in said step (a-1).

16. A method in accordance with claim 12, wherein said step (a) comprises the steps of:

(a-11) measuring a storage battery current output from said storage battery;

(a-12) measuring a voltage in said fuel-cells system; and

(a-13) detecting the remaining charge of said storage battery based on said storage battery current measured in said step (a-11) and said voltage measured in said step (a-12).