Switching regulators having a synchronizable oscillator frequency with constant ramp amplitude

• US 5,929,620 A
• Filed: 11/07/1996
• Issued: 07/27/1999
• Est. Priority Date: 11/07/1996
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Analog Devices International Unlimited Company (Analog Devices, Inc.)
• Original Assignee: Linear Technology Corporation (Analog Devices, Inc.)
• Inventors: Dobkin, Robert C., Wilcox, Milton E.
• Primary Examiner(s): STERRETT, JEFFREY L
• Application Number:
  US08/744,388
• Time in Patent Office: 992 Days
• Field of Search: 323/282, 323/284, 323/285, 323/288, 323/351
• US Class Current: 323/288
• CPC Class Codes: G05F 1/565 sensing a condition of the system or its load in addition to means responsive to deviations in the output of the system, e.g. current, voltage, power factor G05F1/563 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 1/0025 Arrangements for modifying reference values, feedback values or error values in the control loop of a converter
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 3/156 with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators

Abstract

Switching regulator circuits and methods are provided in which a voltage controlled oscillator circuit (VCO) is utilized to produce signals that turn ON a switch circuit. The VCO is itself controlled by a phase detector circuit that compares the output of the VCO to an external synchronization signal and locks the VCO to the external synchronization signal. The switching regulator circuits also include a slope compensation circuit that derives a slope compensation signal from an oscillator ramp signal produced by the VCO. The slope compensation signal is used to modify turning the switch circuit OFF when the duty cycle of the switch circuit exceeds a predetermined value. An alternate embodiment of the present invention includes a signal generation circuit in place of the phase detector circuit. The signal generation circuit applies a waveform to the VCO to vary the voltage oscillator circuit frequency, which causes a reduction in the amplitude of noise generated by the switching regulator circuit.

Claims

1. A switching regulator circuit that provides a regulated voltage at an output terminal to a load, said switching regulator circuit comprising:

a switch circuit coupled to an input terminal and to said output terminal;

an output circuit coupled to said output terminal, said output circuit providing a feedback signal that is representative of said regulated voltage;

a control circuit coupled to said output circuit and to said switch circuit, said control circuit providing a control signal to said switch circuit so that said switch circuit interrupts current flow from said input terminal to said output circuit, said control signal being produced, at least in part, from said feedback signal;

a voltage controlled oscillator circuit that provides an oscillator output signal to said switch circuit to control the frequency at which current is supplied to said output circuit from said input terminal, said voltage controlled oscillator circuit producing a ramp signal that varies from a minimum to a maximum value; and

a signal control circuit coupled to said voltage controlled oscillator circuit, said signal control circuit controlling the frequency at which said voltage controlled oscillator circuit operates so that said minimum and maximum values of said ramps signal are substantially constant.

2. The switching regulator circuit of claim 1, wherein said signal control circuit includes a phase detector that compares a synchronization signal to said oscillator output signal, said phase detector providing a signal to said voltage controlled oscillator to change the frequency of said oscillator output signal to match the frequency of said synchronization signal;

said voltage controlled oscillator circuit and said signal control circuit comprising a phase-locked loop circuit.

3. The switching regulator circuit of claim 1, further comprising a slope compensation circuit that produces a slope compensation signal when the duty cycle of said switching regulator exceeds a predetermined value, said slope compensation circuit being coupled to said control circuit.

4. The switching regulator circuit of claim 3, wherein said slope compensation circuit provides a slope compensation signal that varies in response to said ramp signal.

5. The switching regulator circuit of claim 4, wherein said slope compensation circuit provides said slope compensation signal such that said slope compensation signal reaches a maximum value at approximately the same time that said ramp signal reaches said maximum value.

6. The switching regulator circuit of claim 1, wherein said signal control circuit comprises a signal generator that controls said voltage controlled oscillator circuit so that said voltage controlled oscillator circuit varies in frequency in a manner that reduces the effects of noise produced by said regulator circuit.

7. The switching regulator circuit of claim 6, wherein said signal generator generates a sawtooth waveform that causes the frequency of said voltage controlled oscillator circuit to vary a predetermined amount.

8. The switching regulator circuit of claim 6, further comprising a slope compensation circuit that produces a slope compensation signal when the duty cycle of said switching regulator exceeds a predetermined value, said slope compensation circuit being coupled to said control circuit.

9. The switching regulator circuit of claim 8, wherein said slope compensation circuit provides a slope compensation signal that varies in response to said ramp signal.

10. The switching regulator circuit of claim 9, wherein said slope compensation circuit provides said slope compensation signal such that said slope compensation signal reaches a maximum value at approximately the same time that said ramp signal reaches said maximum value.

11. A switching regulator circuit that provides a regulated voltage to a load, said regulator circuit comprising:

an output circuit including a switch coupled to an input terminal and an output terminal, said output circuit providing a signal that is indicative of said regulated voltage;

a control circuit coupled to said output circuit, said control circuit providing a control signal to said switch circuit so that said switch circuit interrupts the flow of current from said input terminal to said output circuit;

a voltage controlled oscillator circuit coupled to said control circuit to provide a switch signal that controls the frequency at which current is supplied to said output circuit from said input terminal; and

a phase detector circuit coupled to receive a synchronization signal, said phase detector circuit being coupled to said voltage controlled oscillator to compare the frequency of said switch signal to the frequency of said synchronization signal, said phase detector circuit providing a correction signal to said voltage controlled oscillator to match the frequency of said switch signal to the frequency of said synchronization signal.

12. The switching regulator circuit of claim 11, further comprising a slope compensation circuit that produces a slope compensation signal when the duty cycle of said switching regulator exceeds a predetermined value, said slope compensation circuit being coupled to said control circuit so that said control signal interrupts the flow of current from said input terminal to said output circuit, at least in part, in response to said slope compensation signal.

13. The switching regulator circuit of claim 12, wherein said voltage controlled oscillator produces an oscillator ramp signal, said slope compensation circuit being coupled to receive said ramp signal, said slope compensation signal being derived from said ramp signal.

14. A switching regulator circuit that provides a regulated voltage to a load at reduced noise levels, said regulator circuit comprising:

an output circuit including a switch coupled to an input terminal and an output terminal, said output circuit providing a signal that is indicative of said regulated voltage;

a control circuit coupled to said output circuit, said control circuit providing a control signal to said output circuit that interrupts to flow of current from said input terminal to said output circuit;

a voltage controlled oscillator circuit coupled to said control circuit to provide a switch signal that controls the frequency at which current is provided to said output circuit from said input terminal; and

a signal generation circuit coupled to said voltage controlled oscillator circuit to control the frequency of said voltage controlled oscillator circuit in a manner that reduces the effects of noise produced by said regulator circuit.

15. The switching regulator circuit of claim 14, wherein said signal generation circuit controls the frequency of said voltage controlled oscillator circuit by applying a sawtooth waveform.

16. A method for providing a regulated voltage to a load, said method comprising the steps of:

producing an oscillator ramp signal that varies between a minimum value and a maximum value;

converting said ramp signal to an oscillator pulse signal;

coupling a synchronization signal to a phase detector circuit;

comparing the frequency of said pulse signal to the frequency of said synchronization signal with said phase detector circuit, said phase detector circuit causing the frequency of said ramp signal to vary if said comparison shows that the frequency of said pulse signal and the frequency of said synchronization signals are not equal, the frequency of said ramp signal being varied to lock the frequency of said pulse signal to the frequency of said synchronization signal;

applying said pulse signal to a switch in a switching regulator output circuit to control the frequency at which current pulses are provided to said output circuit, said current pulses causing an output signal to be produced;

monitoring a signal that is indicative of said output signal; and

interrupting current flow when said monitoring step determines that said signal indicative of said output signal reaches a predetermined threshold value.

17. The method of claim 16, further comprising the steps of:

deriving a slope compensation signal from said ramp signal when the duty cycle of said switch is greater than a predetermined value; and

using said slope compensation signal to modify said step of turning said switch OFF.

18. The method of claim 17, wherein said step of deriving produces said slope compensation signal such that said slope compensation signal varies in response to said ramp signal.

19. The method of claim 18, wherein said ramp signal and said slope compensation signal each reach a maximum value at substantially the same time.

20. A method for reducing the level of noise produced by a switching regulator that generates a regulated voltage for a load, said method comprising the steps of:

producing an oscillator ramp signal as a result of a current charging a capacitor, said ramp signal varying between a minimum value and a maximum value;

converting said ramp signal to an oscillator pulse signal;

applying a signal to said current that varies the magnitude of said current;

applying said pulse signal to a switch in a switching regulator output circuit to control the frequency at which current pulses are provided to said output circuit, said current pulses causing an output signal to be produced;

monitoring a signal that is indicative of said output signal; and

interrupting current flow to said output circuit when said monitoring step determines that said signal indicative of said output signal reaches a predetermined threshold value.

21. The method of claim 20, further comprising the steps of:

deriving a slope compensation signal from said ramp signal when the duty cycle of said switch is greater than a predetermined value; and

using said slope compensation signal to modify said step of interrupting current flow.

22. The method of claim 21, wherein said ramp signal and said slope compensation signal each reach a maximum value at substantially the same time.