Cascode single-ended to differential converter

• US 5,929,710 A
• Filed: 03/20/1997
• Issued: 07/27/1999
• Est. Priority Date: 03/20/1997
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: National Semiconductor Corporation (Texas Instruments, Inc.)
• Original Assignee: National Semiconductor Corporation (Texas Instruments, Inc.)
• Inventors: Bien, David E.
• Primary Examiner(s): Mullins, James B.
• Application Number:
  US08/822,377
• Time in Patent Office: 859 Days
• Field of Search: 330/73, 330/148, 330/275, 330/301, 330/311, 455/326, 455/333
• US Class Current: 330/301
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 1/22 by use of cascode coupling, i.e. earthed cathode or emitter stage followed by earthed grid or base stage respectively
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 2203/45296 the AAC comprising one or more discrete capacitive elements, e.g. a transistor coupled as capacitor
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 2203/45298 the AAC comprising one or more combinations of discrete capacitor and resistor elements, e.g. active elements using a transistor as a capacitor or as a resistor
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 2203/45311 the common gate stage of a cascode dif amp being implemented by multiple transistors
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 2203/45318 the AAC comprising a cross coupling circuit, e.g. two extra transistors cross coupled
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 2203/45394 the AAC of the dif amp comprising FETs whose sources are not coupled, i.e. the AAC being a pseudo-differential amplifier
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 3/26 Push-pull amplifiers; Phase-splitters therefor duplicated single-ended push-pull arrangements or phase-splitters therefor H03F3/30
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 3/45089 Non-folded cascode stages

Abstract

A cascode single-ended to differential converter has particular applications for use in communication, e.g. RF circuits. The converter provides higher gain, reduced noise figure and improved output level and linearity over the prior art differential pair converter. The present converter is a transconductor, converting an input voltage to a differential current output signal, i.e., two output signals of different currents, with the difference being linear to the level of voltage. The cascode amplifier output signal is used to produce a signal equal in the amplitude but 180 degrees out of phase with the signal produced by the cascode amplifier.

Claims

1. A differential converter comprising:

a first transistor, having a control terminal to which an input signal is applied directly, and having a first current handling terminal not externally connected to said control terminal;

a second transistor having a control terminal connected to said first current handling terminal of the first transistor;

a third transistor, having a control terminal to which a reference voltage is applied, and having a first current handling terminal at which a first output current is provided, and a second current handling terminal connected to the first current handling terminal of the first transistor;

a fourth transistor, having a control terminal connected to a reference voltage, a first current handling terminal at which a second output current is provided, and a second current handling terminal connected to a first current handling terminal of the second transistor; and

said first current handling terminals of said third and fourth transmitters not connected to one another.

2. The converter of claim 1, wherein a second current handling terminal of each of the first and second transistors is connected to ground.

3. The converter of claim 1, wherein the control terminals of each of the third and fourth transistors are connected to the same reference voltage.

4. The converter of claim 1, wherein each of the first, second, third and fourth transistors is a bipolar transistor.

5. The converter of claim 1, further comprising a switch stage connected to the first current handling terminals of each of the third and fourth transistors.

6. The converter of claim 5, wherein the switch stage includes a fifth and a sixth transistor each having a first current handling terminal providing an output current, and a second current handling terminal connected to respectively the first current handling terminals of the third and fourth transistors.

7. A method of converting a signal amplitude to a differential signal, comprises the steps of:

applying the signal amplitude to an input terminal of a cascode amplifier;

said cascode amplifier including a differential converter comprising;

a first transistor, having a control terminal forming said input terminal and applying said signal amplitude directly thereto, and having a first current handling terminal not externally connected to said control terminal;

a second transistor having a control terminal connected to said first current handling terminal of the first transistor;

a third transistor, having a control terminal to which a reference voltage is applied, and having a first current handling terminal at which a first output current is provided, and a second current handling terminal connected to the first current handling terminal of the first transistor;

a fourth transistor, having a control terminal connected to a reference voltage, a first current handling terminal at which a second output current is provided, and a second current handling terminal connected to a first current handling terminal of the second transistor; and

said first current handling terminals of said third and fourth transmitters not connected to one another;

generating a signal 180°

out of phase with an output signal from the cascode amplifier; and

using the out of phase signal and the output signal of the cascode amplifier as two differential output signals.