Automotive forward looking sensor application

• US 5,929,802 A
• Filed: 11/21/1997
• Issued: 07/27/1999
• Est. Priority Date: 11/21/1997
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Valeo Radar Systems, Inc. (Valeo SE)
• Original Assignee: Raytheon Company (Rtx Corporation)
• Inventors: Russell, Mark E., Miccioli, William F.
• Primary Examiner(s): Sotomayor, John B.
• Application Number:
  US08/975,820
• Time in Patent Office: 613 Days
• Field of Search: 342/70, 342/71, 342/72, 701/301, 701/117, 701/118, 701/119
• US Class Current: 342/70
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 13/345 using triangular modulation
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 13/931 of land vehicles
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 2013/932 using own vehicle data, e.g. ground speed, steering wheel direction
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 2013/9321 Velocity regulation, e.g. cruise control
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 2013/93271 in the front of the vehicles
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 7/35 Details of non-pulse systems
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 7/4008 of transmitters
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 7/4026 Antenna boresight
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 7/4039 of sensor or antenna obstruction, e.g. dirt- or ice-coating
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 7/4056 specially adapted to FMCW
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 7/4091 during normal radar operation
• CPC Class Codes: H01Q 1/3233 particular used as part of a sensor or in a security system, e.g. for automotive radar, navigation systems
• CPC Class Codes: H01Q 25/008 lens fed multibeam arrays

Abstract

An automotive forward looking sensor (FLS) includes (a) a voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) having an input port to which a VCO control signal comprising at least one of a ramp up portion and a ramp down portion is coupled and an output port at which a transmit RF signal is provided for coupling to a transmit antenna and (b) a linearization circuit having a first input port to which a feedback signal proportional to the transmit RF signal is coupled, a second input port to which a fixed frequency reference signal is coupled and an output port at which an error signal proportional to at least one of a phase difference and a frequency difference between the feedback signal and the fixed frequency reference signal is provided, wherein the VCO control signal is a function of the error signal and wherein the at least one ramp up portion and ramp down portion has a substantially linear slope. The FLS also includes an antenna assembly having thirteen antenna beams thereby allowing accurate resolution of multiple objects at distances up to 100 meters from the FLS.

Claims

1. A Forward Looking Sensor (FLS) comprising:

(a) a voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) having an input port to which a VCO control signal comprising at least one of a ramp up portion and a ramp down portion is coupled and an output port at which a transmit RF signal is provided for coupling to a transmit antenna; and

(b) a linearization circuit having a first input port to which a feedback signal proportional to the transmit RF signal is coupled, a second input port to which a fixed frequency reference signal is coupled and an output port at which an error signal proportional to at least one of a phase difference and a frequency difference between the feedback signal and the fixed frequency reference signal is provided, wherein the VCO control signal is a function of the error signal and wherein the at least one ramp up portion and ramp down portion has a substantially linear slope.

2. The FLS of claim 1 further comprising a filter coupled between the output port of the linearization circuit and the input port of the VCO for filtering the error signal to provide the VCO control signal.

3. The FLS of claim 1 wherein the linearization circuit comprises:

(i) a frequency divider responsive to the feedback signal and to a control signal for dividing the frequency of the feedback signal by a predetermined value established by the control signal to generate a frequency-divided signal; and

(ii) a mixer having a first input port to which the frequency divided-signal is coupled, a second inout port to which the fixed frequency reference signal is coupled and an output port at which the error signal is provided.

4. The FLS of claim 3 further comprising:

(i)a digital signal processor (DSP) for generating a plurality of command signals indicative of a mode of operation of the FLS; and

(ii) a counter responsive to the plurality of command signals from the DSP for generating the control signal for coupling to the frequency divider.

5. The FLS of claim 1 further comprising a coupler responsive to the transmit RF signal for providing the feedback signal to the linearization circuit.

6. The FLS of claim 5 further comprising a down-converter coupled between the coupler and the first input port of the linearization circuit for converting the frequency of the RF transmit signal to a lower, intermediate frequency to generate the feedback signal.

7. The FLS of claim 1 wherein the linearization circuit comprises:

(i) an interferometer having an input port to which the feedback signal is coupled and an output port at which is provided a frequency proportional signal having a frequency proportional to the frequency of the transmit RF signal; and

(ii) a mixer having a first input port to which the frequency proportional signal is coupled, a second input port to which the fixed frequency reference signal is coupled and an output port at which the error signal is provided.

8. The FLS of claim 7 wherein the interferometer comprises a surface acoustic wave (SAW) delay line.

9. A Forward Looking Sensor (FLS) comprising:

(a) a transmit circuit having a transmit antenna for transmitting an RF signal; and

(b) a receive circuit comprising;

(i) a receive antenna for receiving an RF signal;

(ii) a low noise amplifier (LNA) having an input port responsive to said RF signal received by said receive antenna and an output port at which a filtered RF signal is provided; and

(iii) a single-sideband generator (SSBG) having an input port coupled to the output port of the LNA and an output port at which a filtered, single-sideband signal is provided.

10. The FLS of claim 9 wherein the SSBG comprises:

a power divider having an input port coupled to the output port of the LNA, a first output port at which a first portion of the filtered RF signal is provided and a second output port at which a second portion of the filtered RF signal is provided, said first and second portions of the filtered RF signal having substantially equal power levels;

a first amplifier having an input port coupled to the first output port of the power divider, a control port and an output port;

a second amplifier having an input port coupled to the second output port of the power divider, a second input port and an output port; and

a quadrature coupler having a first input port coupled to the output port of the first amplifier, a second input port coupled to the output port of the second amplifier, a first output port at which the filtered, single-sideband signal is provided and a second, terminated output port.

11. The FLS of claim 10 wherein the control port of the first amplifier is responsive to a first control signal having a first predetermined phase and the control port of the second amplifier is responsive to a second control signal having a second predetermined phase which is ninety-degrees out-of-phase relative to the first control signal.

12. The FLS of claim 9 wherein at least one of the LNA and the SSBG is implemented on a monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC).

13. The FLS of claim 9 wherein the receive circuit further comprises:

a Rotman lens on which RF energy from said RF signal received by said receive antenna impinges;

a plurality of feed lines for directing RF energy from said Rotman lens; and

a switch having a plurality of RF input ports coupled to corresponding ones of said plurality of feed lines, an output port and a control port responsive to a control signal for selecting among the plurality of RF input ports for coupling to the output port.

14. The FLS of claim 9 wherein the receive circuit further comprises a down-converter having a first input port to which said filtered, single-sideband signal is coupled, a second input port to which a local oscillator (LO) signal is coupled and an output port at which an intermediate frequency (IF) signal is provided.

15. A Forward Looking Sensor (FLS) comprising:

(a) a transmit circuit comprising a transmit antenna for transmitting an RF signal, said transmit antenna comprising a plurality of radiating elements generating a plurality of radiating beams spaced relative to one another by approximately 1.1° and

overlapping one another by about one-half beam width; and

(b) a receive circuit comprising a receive antenna for receiving an RF signal.

16. The FLS of claim 15 wherein the field of view of the FLS is on the order of 15.4°

and the transmit antenna comprises thirteen beams.

17. The FLS of claim 15 wherein the receive antenna comprises a plurality of radiating elements generating a plurality of receiving beams spaced relative to one another by approximately 1.1°

and overlapping one another by about one-half beam width.

18. The FLS of claim 17 wherein the field of view of the FLS is on the order of 15.4°

and the receive antenna comprises thirteen beams.

19. A method for aligning a Forward Looking Sensor (FLS) comprising the steps of:

providing a transmit antenna with a multiple beam pattern;

providing a receive antenna with a multiple beam pattern;

transmitting through predetermined ones of the multiple beams of the transmit antenna a predetermined RF signal; and

receiving through predetermined ones of said multiple beams of said receive antenna reflections from said transmitted RF signal; and

processing the received RF signal to generate an alignment offset signal.

20. The method of claim 19 where in the transmit antenna providing step comprises the step of providing the transmit antenna with thirteen beams spaced relative to one another so as to intersect at approximately one-half beam width, wherein the predetermined ones of the multiple beams of the transmit antenna are beams located on opposite sides of the center line of the beam pattern and spaced from said center line by approximately 20°

.

21. The method of claim 19 wherein the receive antenna providing step comprises the step of providing the receive antenna with thirteen beams, wherein the predetermined ones of the receive antenna beams are disposed on opposite sides of a center line of the receive antenna beam pattern and are spaced from said center line by approximately 20°

.