Retarder stack for preconditioning light for a modulator having modulation and isotropic states of polarization

• US 5,929,946 A
• Filed: 05/09/1997
• Issued: 07/27/1999
• Est. Priority Date: 05/23/1995
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: RealD Incorporated
• Original Assignee: ColorLink, Incorporated (RealD Incorporated)
• Inventors: Sharp, Gary D., Johnson, Kristina M.
• Primary Examiner(s): Sikes, William L.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Parker, Kenneth
• Application Number:
  US08/853,460
• Time in Patent Office: 809 Days
• Field of Search: 349/18, 349/9, 349/97, 349/106, 349/119, 349/120, 349/121, 359/634, 359/494, 359/495, 359/497, 359/498, 359/499
• US Class Current: 349/18
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 27/288 Filters employing polarising elements, e.g. Lyot or Solc filters G02B5/3016 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 5/3083 Birefringent or phase retarding elements G02B5/3008, G02B5/3016 take precedence; systems for polarisation control G02B27/286; manufacturing phase modulating patterns by lithographic processes G03F7/001
• CPC Class Codes: G02F 1/0136 for the control of polarisation, e.g. state of polarisation [SOP] control, polarisation scrambling, TE-TM mode conversion or separation G02F1/0353 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G02F 1/0322 Arrangements comprising two or more independently controlled crystals
• CPC Class Codes: G02F 1/09 based on magneto-optical elements, e.g. exhibiting Faraday effect
• CPC Class Codes: G02F 1/133533 Colour selective polarisers G02F1/1347 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G02F 1/133536 Reflective polarizers G02F1/13362 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G02F 1/133543 Cholesteric polarisers
• CPC Class Codes: G02F 1/1336 Illuminating devices
• CPC Class Codes: G02F 1/13363 Birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation
• CPC Class Codes: G02F 1/133638 Waveplates, i.e. plates with a retardation value of lambda/n
• CPC Class Codes: G02F 1/13473 for wavelength filtering or for colour display without the use of colour mosaic filters
• CPC Class Codes: G02F 1/23 for the control of the colour G02F1/03 - G02F1/21 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G02F 2413/04 Number of plates greater than or equal to 4
• CPC Class Codes: G02F 2413/08 with a particular optical axis orientation
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 5/66 Transforming electric information into light information scanning details H04N3/00
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 5/7441 the modulator being an array of liquid crystal cells
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 9/3111 for displaying the colours sequentially, e.g. by using sequentially activated light sources sequential projection in colour photography G03B33/08
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 9/3126 for spatial light modulators in series
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 9/3167 for polarizing the light beam polarizing optical systems per se G02B27/28

Abstract

A retarder stack for preconditioning at least partially polarized light for input to a modulator includes a first retarder and the second retarder. The first retarder has a first retardance and a first orientation with respect to the partially polarized light and the second retarder has a second retardance and a second orientation with respect to the partially polarized light. The first retarder and second retarder are oriented with respect to each other and the first retardance and the second retardance are selected such that the light output from the second retarder includes a first portion of light and a second portion of light which, if input to a modulator, would be modulated differently. Hence, the retarder stack can be used to precondition light for input to a modulator such as an electro-optic, magneto-optic or other type of modulator.

Claims

1. A retarder stack for preconditioning at least partially polarized light for input to a modulator which modulates one polarization more than another, comprising:

a first retarder having a first retardance and a first orientation with respect to said at least partially polarized light for receiving said at least partially polarized light and outputting initially transformed light; and

a second retarder having a second retardance and a second, orientation with respect to said at least partially polarized light for receiving said initially transformed light and outputting output light comprising a first portion of output light having a predetermined first spectrum and a second portion of output light having a predetermined second spectrum, wherein said first and second orientations and said first and second retardances are selected such that said first portion of output light has a polarization that would be modulated by the modulator more than a polarization of said second portion of output light.

2. The retarder stack as claimed in claim 1, wherein said first retarder and said second retarder are arranged such that the first portion of output light has a first polarization and said second portion of output light has a second polarization and said first and second polarizations are not equal.

3. The retarder stack as claimed in claim 2, wherein said first retarder and said second retarder are arranged such that the first portion of output light has a first polarization and said second portion of output light has a second polarization and said first and second polarizations are not orthogonal.

4. The retarder stack as claimed in claim 1, wherein said first retarder and said second retarder are arranged such that the first portion of output light has a first polarization and said second portion of output light has a second polarization and said first and second polarizations are orthogonal.

5. The retarder stack as claimed in claim 3, wherein said first retarder and said second retarder are arranged such that said first portion of output light has a first polarization and said second portion of output light has a second polarization and said first and second polarizations are separable with an analyzer.

6. The retarder stack as claimed in claim 1, wherein said at least partially polarized light comprises visible light.

7. The retarder stack as claimed in claim 1, wherein said at least partially polarized light comprises non-visible light.

8. The retarder stack as claimed in claim 1, wherein the at least partially polarized light is partially linearly polarized and the polarization direction of the first portion of output light is not perpendicular to the polarization direction of the second portion of output light.

9. The retarder stack as claimed in claim 1, wherein the partially polarized light is partially elliptically polarized and the polarization of the first portion of output light is not equal to the polarization of the second portion of output light.

10. The retarder stack as claimed in claim 1, wherein at least one of said first retarder and said second retarder comprises a birefringent material.

11. The retarder stack as claimed in claim 1, wherein at least one of said first retarder and said second retarder comprises liquid crystal polymer.

12. The retarder stack as claimed in claim 1, wherein at least one of said first retarder and said second retarder comprises one of a polymer birefringent material and a form birefringent material.

13. The retarder stack as claimed in claim 1, wherein at least one of said first retarder and said second retarder comprises a birefringent crystal such as calcite, quartz, LiNbO₃.

14. The retarder stack as claimed in claim 1, wherein at least one of said first retarder and said second retarder comprises a liquid crystal.

15. The retarder stack as claimed in claim 1, wherein said first retardance and said second retardance are approximately equal.

16. The retarder stack as claimed in claim 1, wherein said first retardance and said second retardance are not equal.

51. The retarder stack as claimed in claim 1, wherein at least one of said first retarder and said second retarder comprises a liquid crystal polymer aligned using LPP films.

52. The retarder stack as claimed in claim 1, wherein at least one of said first retarder and said second retarder comprises a liquid crystal polymer aligned using azo-doped liquid crystals.

53. The retarder stack as claimed in claim 1, wherein at least one of said first retarder and said second retarder comprises a liquid crystal polymer aligned using azo-doped polyimide layers.

54. The retarder stack as claimed in claim 1, wherein at least one of said first retarder and said second retarder comprises a holographic analyzer.

55. The retarder stack as claimed in claim 1, wherein at least one of said first retarder and said second retarder comprises a double-notched filter.

56. The retarder stack of claim 1, wherein at least one of said predetermined first and second spectrums comprises a range of frequencies.

57. The retarder stack of claim 56, wherein said range of frequencies correspond to a predetermined color.

58. The retarder stack of claim 57, wherein said predetermined color comprises one of red, blue and green.

59. The retarder stack of claim 1, wherein at least one of said predetermined first and second spectrums comprises multiple ranges of frequencies.

60. The retarder stack of claim 59, wherein said multiple ranges of frequencies comprise multiple predetermined colors.

61. The retarder stack of claim 2, wherein at least one of said predetermined first and second spectrums comprises a range of frequencies.

62. The retarder stack of claim 61, wherein said range of frequencies correspond to a predetermined color.

63. The retarder stack of claim 62, wherein said predetermined color comprises once of red, blue and green.

64. The retarder stack of claim 2, wherein at least one of said predetermined first and second spectrums comprises multiple ranges of frequencies.

65. The retarder stack of claim 64, wherein said multiple ranges of frequencies comprise multiple predetermined colors.

17. A retarder stack for preconditioning at least partially polarized light for input to a modulator which modulates one polarization more than another, comprising

a polarizer for receiving input light and outputting the at least partially polarized light;

a first retarder having a first retardance and a first orientation with respect to said at least partially polarized light, for receiving said as least partially polarized light and outputting initially transformed light; and

a second retarder having a second retardance and a second orientation with respect to said at least partially polarized lights for receiving said initially transformed light and outputting light comprising a first portion of output light having a predetermined first spectrum and a second portion of output light having a predetermined seconded spectrum, wherein said polarizer, said first retarder, and said second retarder are selected such that said first portion of output light has a polarization that would not be modulated by the modulator and said second portion of output light has a polarization that would be modulated by the modulator.

18. The retarder stack as claimed in claim 17, wherein said first retarder and said second retarder are arranged such that the first portion of output light has a first polarization and said second portion of output light has a second polarization and said first and second polarizations are not equal.

19. The retarder stack as claimed in claim 18, wherein said first retarder and said second retarder are arranged such that the first portion of output light has a first polarization and said second portion of output light has a second polarization and said first and second polarizations are not orthogonal.

20. The retarder stack as claimed in claim 17, wherein said first retarder and said second retarder are arranged such that said first portion of output light has a first polarization and said second portion of output light has a second polarization and said first and second polarizations are orthogonal.

21. The retarder stack as claimed in claim 19, wherein said first retarder and said second retarder are arranged such that said first portion of output light has a first polarization and said second portion of output light has a second polarization and said first and second polarizations are separable with an analyzer.

22. The retarder stack as claimed in claim 17, wherein said at least partially polarized light comprises visible light.

23. The retarder stack as claimed in claim 17, wherein said at least partially polarized light comprises non-visible light.

24. The retarder stack as claimed in claim 17, wherein the at least partially polarized light is partially linearly polarized and the polarization direction of the first portion of output light is not perpendicular to the polarization direction of the second portion of output light.

25. The retarder stack as claimed in claim 17, wherein the at least partially polarized light is partially elliptically polarized and the polarization of the first portion of output light is not equal to the polarization of the second portion of output light.

26. The retarder stack as claimed in claim 17, wherein at least one of said first retarder and said second retarder comprises polymer retarders.

27. The retarder stack as claimed in claim 17, wherein at least one of said first retarder and said second retarder comprises liquid crystal polymer retarders.

28. The retarder stack as claimed in claim 17, wherein at least one of said first retarder and said second retarder comprises one of a polymer birefringent material and a liquid crystal.

29. The retarder stack as claimed in claim 17, wherein at least one of said first retarder and said second retarder comprises a birefringent crystal such as calcite, quartz, LiNbO₃.

30. The retarder stack as claimed in claim 17, wherein said first retardance and said second retardance are approximately equal.

31. The retarder stack as claimed in claim 17, wherein said first retardance and said second retardance are not equal.

32. The retarder stack as claimed in claim 17, wherein said polarizer comprises a linear polarizer.

33. The retarder stack as claimed in claim 17, wherein said polarizer comprises an elliptical polarizer.

34. The retarder stack as claimed in claim 17, wherein said polarizer comprises a circular polarizer.

35. The retarder stack as claimed in claim 17, wherein said polarizer comprises a polarization beam splitter.

36. The retarder stack as claimed in claim 17, wherein said polarizer comprises a cholesteric liquid crystal.

37. The retarder stack as claimed in claim 17, wherein said polarizer comprises a cholesteric polymer liquid crystal.

38. The retarder stack as claimed in claim 17, wherein said polarizer comprises a dichroic polarizer.

39. A retarder stack for selectively outputting light for input to a modulator which modulates one polarization more than another, comprising:

a first retarder having a first retardance and a first orientation with respect to an at least partially polarized light, for receiving said at least partially polarized light and outputting initially transformed light;

a second retarder having a second retardance and a second orientation with respect to said at least partially polarized light for receiving said initially transformed light and outputting light comprising a first portion of output light having a predetermined first spectrum and a second portion of output light having a predetermined second spectrum, wherein said polarizer, said first retarder and said second retarder, are selected such that a polarization of said first portion of output light and a polarization of said second portion of output light are orthogonal and such that the polarization of said first portion of output light would be modulated by the modulator more than the polarization of said second portion of output light; and

an analyzer for receiving said output light and outputting one of said first portion of output light and said second portion of output light.

40. The retarder stack as claimed in claim 39, wherein said analyzer comprises a linear polarizer.

41. The retarder stack as claimed in claim 39, wherein said analyzer comprises an elliptical polarizer.

42. The retarder stack as claimed in claim 41, wherein said analyzer comprises a circular polarizer.

43. The retarder stack as claimed in claim 39, wherein said analyzer comprises an absorptive type polarizer.

44. The retarder stack as claimed in claim 43, wherein said absorptive type polarizer comprises one of a dichroic and dye based material.

45. The retarder stack as claimed in claim 39, wherein said polarizer comprises a non-absorptive type polarizer.

46. The retarder stack as claimed in claim 45, wherein said non-absorptive type polarizer comprises one of a polarizing dielectric film, calcite material, quartz material, scattering polarizer, prismatic polarizer, cholesteric type polarizer, and stacked cholesterics type polarizer.

47. The retarder stack as claimed in claim 39, wherein at least one of said first retarder and said second retarder comprises a polymer retarder.

48. The retarder stack as claimed in claim 39, wherein at least one of said first retarder and said second retarder comprises a liquid crystal polymer retarder.

49. The retarder stack as claimed in claim 39, wherein said first retardance and said second retardance are approximately equal.

50. The retarder stack as claimed in claim 39, wherein said first retardance and said second retardance are not equal.