Polarization independent optical switch

• US 5,930,012 A
• Filed: 07/24/1997
• Issued: 07/27/1999
• Est. Priority Date: 09/30/1994
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Thomas Swan & Company Limited (Aixtron AG)
• Original Assignee: Cambridge University (Government of United Kingdom)
• Inventors: Mears, Robert Joseph, Warr, Stephen Thomas
• Primary Examiner(s): HENRY, JON W
• Application Number:
  US08/817,333
• Time in Patent Office: 733 Days
• Field of Search: 359/1, 359/9, 359/10, 359/15, 359/20, 359/25, 359/572, 359/566, 359/569, 359/115, 359/117, 359/128, 359/130, 385/37, 349/201
• US Class Current: 359/15
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 5/203 having holographic or diffractive elements diffraction gratings per se G02B5/18; holographic elements per se G02B5/32; generating the spectrum using diffraction elements G01J3/18
• CPC Class Codes: G02F 1/139 based on orientation effects in which the liquid crystal remains transparent
• CPC Class Codes: G02F 1/141 using ferroelectric liquid crystals
• CPC Class Codes: G02F 1/292 by controlled diffraction or phased-array beam steering controlled diffraction for optical switching G02F1/31
• CPC Class Codes: G02F 1/31 Digital deflection, i.e. optical switchingG02F1/33 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G02F 2203/055 wavelength filtering
• CPC Class Codes: G02F 2203/06 Polarisation independent
• CPC Class Codes: G02F 2203/12 spatial light modulator
• CPC Class Codes: G02F 2203/22 diffractive
• CPC Class Codes: G02F 2203/50 Phase-only modulation
• CPC Class Codes: G03H 1/0005 Adaptation of holography to specific applications holographic optical element G02B5/32; holographic scanner G02B26/106; recognition using holographic mask G06V10/88; holographic memories G11B7/0065, G11C13/042
• CPC Class Codes: G03H 1/2294 Addressing the hologram to an active spatial light modulator

Abstract

A polarisation independent optical switch is constituted by a light input (6), a diffractive and re-configurable liquid crystal device (8), a collimating lens (7) for distributing the input light over the liquid crystal device (8), a transform lens (9) receiving light from the liquid crystal device (8) and light output (6), wherein no polarisers are present between the light input and output. The diffractive and re-configurable liquid crystal device (8) may be formed as a liquid crystal spatial light modulator configured as a binary phase computer generated hologram with the holograms required to form broadcast, individual or multicast switching being re-generated using an iterative algorithm and then being recalled on demand. In one embodiment the switch has a folded configuration and includes a reflector (10) so that the light input and output are both on the same side of the liquid crystal device (8).

Claims

1. A polarisation independent optical switch comprising a light input (6), a diffractive and re-configurable liquid crystal device (8), a collimating lens (7) for distributing the input light over the liquid crystal device (8), a transform lens (9) receiving light from the liquid crystal device (8) and a light output (6), wherein no polarisers are present between the light input and output, characterised in that the diffractive and reconfigurable liquid crystal device (8) is a liquid crystal spatial light modulator configured as a computer generated hologram and wherein a change in switched state of an area of the spatial light modulator causes a change in the state of polarisation of light which emerges from that area of the spatial light modulator.

2. An optical switch according to claim 1, in which the diffractive and reconfigurable spatial light modulator (8) is arranged to generate a plurality of holograms (H₁ to H₅).

3. An optical switch according to claim 1, in which the switch comprises at least one reconfigurable liquid crystal spatial light modulator (8) which is arranged so that light received at a first hologram (H₁) is passed to the light output (6) through a second hologram (H₃) and wherein the second hologram (H₃) is configured as the inverse of the first hologram (H₁).

4. An optical switch according to claim 3, in which the switch has a folded configuration with the first and second holograms arranged in different regions of a single reconfigurable liquid crystal spatial light modulator (8) and includes a reflector spaced a distance f from the transform lens (9), where f is the focal length of the transform lens (9), so that the light input and output (6) are both on the same side of the reconfigurable liquid crystal spatial light modulator (8).

5. An optical switch according to claim 3, comprising in two reconfigurable liquid crystal spatial light modulators (8) spaced apart in parallel planes and two transform lenses (9) arranged between the two reconfigurable liquid crystal spatial light modulators (8) and spaced apart a distance 2f, where f is the focal length of the transform lenses.

6. An optical switch according to claim 1, in which the switch has a folded configuration and includes a reflector (10) so that the light input and output (6) are both on the same side of the liquid crystal device (8) and the collimating lens and transform lens are common (4).

7. An optical switch according to claim 1, in which the light output (6) is formed by an array of output optical fibres.

8. An optical switch according to claim 1, in which the light input is formed by a single input optical fibre where the switch has a one-to-many configuration.

9. An optical switch according to claim 1, in which the light input is formed by an array of input optical fibres where the switch has a many-to-many configuration.

10. An optical switch according to claim 1, in which the light input is formed by an array of input optical fibre where the switch has a many-to-one configuration.