Moving sequential sectors within a block of information in a flash memory mass storage architecture

• US 5,930,815 A
• Filed: 10/07/1997
• Issued: 07/27/1999
• Est. Priority Date: 07/31/1995
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Micron Technology, Inc.
• Original Assignee: Lexar Media Incorporated (Micron Technology, Inc.)
• Inventors: Estakhri, Petro, Iman, Berhanu
• Primary Examiner(s): Chan, Eddie P.
• Assistant Examiner(s): BRAGDON, REGINALD GLENWOOD
• Application Number:
  US08/946,331
• Time in Patent Office: 658 Days
• Field of Search: 711/103, 711/156, 711/165, 711/206
• US Class Current: 711/103
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 11/1068 in sector programmable memories, e.g. flash disk G06F11/1072 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 12/0246 in block erasable memory, e.g. flash memory
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 2212/7201 Logical to physical mapping or translation of blocks or pages
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 2212/7202 Allocation control and policies
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 3/061 Improving I/O performance
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 3/064 Management of blocks
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 3/0679 Non-volatile semiconductor memory device, e.g. flash memory, one time programmable memory [OTP]
• CPC Class Codes: G11C 16/08 Address circuits; Decoders; Word-line control circuits
• CPC Class Codes: G11C 16/102 External programming circuits, e.g. EPROM programmers; In-circuit programming or reprogramming; EPROM emulators
• CPC Class Codes: G11C 29/765 in solid state disks
• CPC Class Codes: G11C 29/82 for EEPROMs

Abstract

A method and apparatus is disclosed for increasing the system performance of a digital system having a controller for controlling nonvolatile devices for storing blocks of information, each block having a group of sectors. When sectors within a block are being re-written in sequential order, the controller writes the new sector information into a sector location of another block without the need to move any of the sectors within the original block thereby reducing the number of read and write cycles needed to avoid erase-before-write operations. A `used` flag, stored in the sector location of each block, indicates that the sector has been transferred to another block or, alternatively, a move locator word maintains status information regarding the position of the sectors within the block that have been moved.

Claims

1. A method for updating sector information in a digital system having a host coupled through a controller to a nonvolatile memory device for storing digital information organized into sectors in the nonvolatile memory, each sector having a data portion and an overhead portion and being uniquely identifiable by the host using an LBA (Logical Block Address), the sector information stored within a sector location within the nonvolatile memory device, a group of sector locations defining a block addressable by the controller using a VPBA (Virtual Physical Block Address), and each sector location within a block being identifiable by the controller using a PBA (Physical Block Address), wherein the sector information stored in a sector location of a block within the nonvolatile memory device is updated prior to erasure of the block, the method comprising:

a. developing an LBA value corresponding to a host-addressed sector in response to a command received from the host to re-write sector information to a sector identified by the host;

b. developing an LBA block address from the LBA value for addressing a block within the memory device within which the sector provided by the host is to be stored;

c. comparing the LBA value with a previous LBA (PREV_-- LBA) value to determine whether or not there is a match;

d. if the LBA value and PREV_-- LBA match, checking for a previous write operation to have been performed on the LBA block since the last erase operation of the LBA block;

e. if a previous write operation has been performed, checking for whether or not any of the sectors of the block identified by the LBA block address have been transferred from one location within the memory device to another location within the memory device since the occurrence of the last erase operation on the LBA block;

f. if the sectors of the block identified by the LBA block address have not been transferred, finding a free block within the nonvolatile memory device for storing the sector information, the free block being identified by a VPBA value corresponding to the LBA block;

g. storing the sector information within a sector location of the free block corresponding to the sector location of the LBA block;

h. storing the VPBA value in a PBA storage location for indicating the free block location within the memory device wherein the new sector information resides;

i. incrementing the LBA value by one; and

j. replacing the PREV_-- LBA value with the incremented LBA value,

wherein single sequential write operations are performed on a sector of a block that was previously written and not yet erased without moving all other sectors of the block.

2. A method as recited in claim 1, wherein a move locator value is generated and stored in a particular storage location, and further including, after said step of storing the sector information, the step of modifying the value of a move locator storage location to indicate the status of which sector within the LBA block has been updated by setting a bit in said particular storage location, the position of the bit within the move locator value corresponding to the position of the updated sector within the LBA block.

3. A method as recited in claim 1, wherein the sector overhead portion includes a `used` flag that when set indicates that the sector has been written to by the host since the last erase operation, and when not set indicates that the sector has not been written to by the host since the last erase operation.

4. A method as recited in claim 3, further comprising after the step of finding, the step of setting a `used` flag of the sector identified by the LBA value.

5. A method as recited in claim 1, further comprising after the finding step, the step of setting a pending move flag for indicating that at least a portion of the block has been moved to another location within the memory device.

6. A method as recited in claim 1, further including, the step of storing the VPBA value associated with the LBA value in an LBA storage location to indicate the location of the block within the memory device wherein the sector information of all sectors addressed by the LBA reside.

7. A method as recited in claim 1, wherein if the comparing step yields no match between the LBA value and the PREV_-- LBA value, transferring sector information for all of the sectors of the block identified by the LBA value to the block location identified by the VPBA value stored in the PBA storage location.

8. A method as recited in claim 7, wherein the block identified by the LBA value is erased.

9. A method as recited in claim 8, further including clearing a move pending flag and a PBA storage location after said transferring step and performing steps d. through j.

10. A method as recited in claim 7, wherein the sector overhead portion of at least two of the sectors in each block stored in the memory device each include a bit for storing a `good` block flag and during said transferring sector information, setting the `good` block flag of the first sector after the transfer thereof and setting the `good` block flag of the last sector after the transfer thereof.

11. A method as recited in claim 10, wherein after a power interruption, the state of the `good` block flags of the VPBA block are compared and if they are not equal, the sector information within the LBA block is accessed instead of the VPBA block when the host addresses the LBA block.

12. A method as recited in claim 1, wherein if the previous write operation of step e has not been performed, finding a free block within the nonvolatile memory device for storing sector information, the free block identified by a VPBA value corresponding to the LBA block.

13. A method as recited in claims 3 or 12, wherein after said finding step, setting the `used` flags of the sectors of the block identified by the LBA value and performing steps h. through j.

14. A digital system for use with a host for receiving commands therefrom and a nonvolatile memory device for storing digital information, the digital information being organized into sectors with each sector having a data portion and an overhead portion, and being stored in a sector location within the nonvolatile memory device, a group of said sector locations defining a block addressable by the controller using a VPBA (Variable Physical Block Address) value, and each sector location within a block being identified by the controller using a PBA (Physical Block Address) value, the digital system comprising:

a controller including,

a. a host interface means responsive to a write command from the host for re-writing sector information to a sector identified by a sector address and operative to generate an LBA (Logical Block Address) value corresponding to the host-addressed sector and further operative to generate an LBA block address from the LBA value for addressing a block within the memory device for storing the sector information;

b. means for comparing the LBA value with a PREV_-- LBA value;

c. means for checking for a previous write operation to have been performed on the LBA block since the last erase operation of the LBA block;

d. means for detecting whether or not any of the sectors of the block identified by the LBA block address have been transferred from one location within the memory device to another location within the memory device since the occurrence of the last erase operation on the LBA block, means for searching for a free block within the nonvolatile memory device for storing the sector information, the free block identified by a VPBA value corresponding to the LBA block;

e. means for storing the sector information within a sector location of the VPBA block corresponding to the sector location of the LBA block;

f. means for storing the VPBA value in a PBA storage location for indicating the block location within the memory device wherein the new sector information resides;

g. means for incrementing the LBA by one, and means for replacing the PREV_-- LBA value with the incremented LBA value,

wherein single sequential write operations are performed on a sector of a block that was previously written and not yet erased without the need for moving all other sectors of the block.