Collision avoidance system

US 5,933,099 A
Filed: 02/19/1997
Issued: 08/03/1999
Est. Priority Date: 02/19/1997
Status: Expired due to Term

First Claim

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1. A collision avoidance system for a warning aircraft, which comprises:

an interrogate transmitter which sends a signal to interrogated the transponder of warned aircraft;

an interrogating receiver to receive the signal which has been transmitted by the transponder of warned aircraft;

a computer having memory circuitry into which can be programmed the type of aircraft that the warning aircraft is and the generally horizontal distance or the rate of closure at which the warning aircraft and the warned aircraft will be so close or approaching one another so rapidly as to constitute traffic for one another and also having logic circuitry for determining time differentials, for calculating the generally horizontal distance between the warning aircraft and the warned aircraft by using the difference in time between the sending of the interrogation by the warning aircraft and the receipt of the answering data from the transponder of the warned aircraft, and for utilizing the data in the computer memory together with the preceding calculations to determine whether the warning aircraft and the warned aircraft constitute "traffic" for one another, which computer communicates with said interrogating transmitter and with said interrogating receiver; and

a warning system which communicates with said computer and provides a vocal warning to the warned aircraft, at the direction of the computer when said computer determines that the warning aircraft and the warned aircraft constitute traffic for one another.

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Abstract

A collision avoidance system for a warning aircraft includes a transmitter and receiver for interrogating the transponder of a warned aircraft. A computer to be installed in the warning aircraft is programmed with the distances or rates of closure at which the warning aircraft and the warned aircraft constitute traffic for one another. When the computer has determined that the warning aircraft and a warned aircraft constitute traffic for one another, a warning system broadcast an appropriate vocal warning.

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62 Claims

1. A collision avoidance system for a warning aircraft, which comprises:
- an interrogate transmitter which sends a signal to interrogated the transponder of warned aircraft;
  
  an interrogating receiver to receive the signal which has been transmitted by the transponder of warned aircraft;
  
  a computer having memory circuitry into which can be programmed the type of aircraft that the warning aircraft is and the generally horizontal distance or the rate of closure at which the warning aircraft and the warned aircraft will be so close or approaching one another so rapidly as to constitute traffic for one another and also having logic circuitry for determining time differentials, for calculating the generally horizontal distance between the warning aircraft and the warned aircraft by using the difference in time between the sending of the interrogation by the warning aircraft and the receipt of the answering data from the transponder of the warned aircraft, and for utilizing the data in the computer memory together with the preceding calculations to determine whether the warning aircraft and the warned aircraft constitute "traffic" for one another, which computer communicates with said interrogating transmitter and with said interrogating receiver; and
  
  a warning system which communicates with said computer and provides a vocal warning to the warned aircraft, at the direction of the computer when said computer determines that the warning aircraft and the warned aircraft constitute traffic for one another.
- View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60)
- - 2. The collision avoidance system for a warning aircraft as recited in claim 1, wherein:
    - said computer is adapted to be connected to a radio receiver capable of receiving the frequency on which the warning system will transmit;
      
      said computer has been programmed to await a pause of predetermined length before instructing the warning system to initiate the vocal warning message; and
      
      said computer has been programmed with rates for the repetition of interrogations of transponders and broadcasting of warnings.
  - 3. The collision avoidance system for a warning aircraft as recited in claim 2, wherein:
    - said computer has been programmed to assign priorities to broadcasts if more than one aircraft constitute traffic for the warning aircraft.
  - 4. The collision avoidance system for a warning aircraft as recited in claim 1, wherein:
    - said computer has been programmed to assign priorities to broadcasts if more than one aircraft constitute traffic for the warning aircraft.
  - 5. The collision avoidance system for a warning aircraft as recited in claim 1, wherein:
    - said computer is adapted to communicate with a heading indicator in the warning aircraft and to use the information from said heading indicator to direct the warning system to include the heading of the warning aircraft in the vocal warning said warning system broadcasts.
  - 6. The collision avoidance system for a warning aircraft as recited in claim 5, wherein:
    - said computer is adapted to be connected to a radio receiver capable of receiving the frequency on which the warning system will transmit;
      
      said computer has been programmed to await a pause of predetermined length before instructing the warning system to initiate the vocal warning message; and
      
      said computer has been programmed with rates for the repetition of interrogations of transponders and broadcasting of warnings.
  - 7. The collision avoidance system for a warning aircraft as recited in claim 6, wherein:
    - said computer has been programmed to assign priorities to broadcasts if more than one aircraft constitute traffic for the warning aircraft.
  - 8. The collision avoidance system for a warning aircraft as recited in claim 5, wherein:
    - said computer has been programmed to assign priorities to broadcasts if more than one aircraft constitute traffic for the warning aircraft.
  - 9. The collision avoidance system for a warning aircraft as recited in claim 1, wherein:
    - said computer is adapted to communicate with a navigational position unit in the warning aircraft and to use the information from said navigational position unit to calculate the course of the warning aircraft and to direct the warning system to include the course of the warning aircraft in the vocal warning said warning system broadcasts.
  - 10. The collision avoidance system for a warning aircraft as recited in claim 9, wherein:
    - said computer is adapted to be connected to a radio receiver capable of receiving the frequency on which the warning system will transmit;
      
      said computer has been programmed to await a pause of predetermined length before instructing the warning system to initiate the vocal warning message; and
      
      said computer has been programmed with rates for the repetition of interrogations of transponders and broadcasting of warnings.
  - 11. The collision avoidance system for a warning aircraft as recited in claim 10, wherein:
    - said computer has been programmed to assign priorities to broadcasts if more than one aircraft constitute traffic for the warning aircraft.
  - 12. The collision avoidance system for a warning aircraft as recited in claim 9, wherein:
    - said computer has been programmed to assign priorities to broadcasts if more than one aircraft constitute traffic for the warning aircraft.
  - 13. The collision avoidance system for a warning aircraft as recited in claim 1, wherein:
    - said computer is adapted to communicate with an altitude-measuring device in the warning aircraft and to use the information from said altitude-measuring device to direct the warning system to include the altitude of the warning aircraft in the vocal warning said warning system broadcasts.
  - 14. The collision avoidance system for a warning aircraft as recited in claim 13, wherein:
    - said computer is adapted to be connected to a radio receiver capable of receiving the frequency on which the warning system will transmit;
      
      said computer has been programmed to await a pause of predetermined length before instructing the warning system to initiate the vocal warning message; and
      
      said computer has been programmed with rates for the repetition of interrogations of transponders and broadcasting of warnings.
  - 15. The collision avoidance system for a warning aircraft as recited in claim 14, wherein:
    - said computer has been programmed to assign priorities to broadcasts if more than one aircraft constitute traffic for the warning aircraft.
  - 16. The collision avoidance system for a warning aircraft as recited in claim 13, wherein:
    - said computer has been programmed to assign priorities to broadcasts if more than one aircraft constitute traffic for the warning aircraft.
  - 17. The collision avoidance system for a warning aircraft as recited in claim 13, wherein:
    - said computer is adapted to communicate with a heading indicator in the warning aircraft and to use the information from said heading indicator to direct the warning system to include the heading of the warning aircraft in the vocal warning said warning system broadcasts.
  - 18. The collision avoidance system for a warning aircraft as recited in claim 17, wherein:
    - said computer is adapted to be connected to a radio receiver capable of receiving the frequency on which the warning system will transmit;
      
      said computer has been programmed to await a pause of predetermined length before instructing the warning system to initiate the vocal warning message; and
      
      said computer has been programmed with rates for the repetition of interrogations of transponders and broadcasting of warnings.
  - 19. The collision avoidance system for a warning aircraft as recited in claim 18, wherein:
    - said computer has been programmed to assign priorities to broadcasts if more than one aircraft constitute traffic for the warning aircraft.
  - 20. The collision avoidance system for a warning aircraft as recited in claim 17, wherein:
    - said computer has been programmed to assign priorities to broadcasts if more than one aircraft constitute traffic for the warning aircraft.
  - 21. The collision avoidance system for a warning aircraft as recited in claim 13, wherein:
    - said computer is adapted to communicate with a navigational position unit in the warning aircraft and to use the information from said navigational position unit to calculate the course of the warning aircraft and to direct the warning system to include the course of the warning aircraft in the vocal warning said warning system broadcasts.
  - 22. The collision avoidance system for a warning aircraft as recited in claim 21, wherein:
    - said computer is adapted to be connected to a radio receiver capable of receiving the frequency on which the warning system will transmit;
      
      said computer has been programmed to await a pause of predetermined length before instructing the warning system to initiate the vocal warning message; and
      
      said computer has been programmed with rates for the repetition of interrogations of transponders and broadcasting of warnings.
  - 23. The collision avoidance system for a warning aircraft as recited in claim 22, wherein:
    - said computer has been programmed to assign priorities to broadcasts if more than one aircraft constitute traffic for the warning aircraft.
  - 24. The collision avoidance system for a warning aircraft as recited in claim 21, wherein:
    - said computer has been programmed to assign priorities to broadcasts if more than one aircraft constitute traffic for the warning aircraft.
  - 25. The collision avoidance system for a warning aircraft as recited in claim 13, wherein:
    - said computer has been programmed to calculate the vertical distance between the warned aircraft and the warning aircraft for any warned aircraft that provides a signal from a transponder the altitude of which transponder is included within the information contained in the signal transmitted by that transponder, and to direct the warning system to include the vertical distance between the warning aircraft and the warned aircraft in the vocal warning said warning system broadcasts for any warned aircraft that provides a signal from a transponder the altitude of which transponder is included within the information contained in the signal transmitted by that transponder.
  - 26. The collision avoidance system for a warning aircraft as recited in claim 25, wherein:
    - said computer is adapted to be connected to a radio receiver capable of receiving the frequency on which the warning system will transmit;
      
      said computer has been programmed to await a pause of predetermined length before instructing the warning system to initiate the vocal warning message; and
      
      said computer has been programmed with rates for the repetition of interrogations of transponders and broadcasting of warnings.
  - 27. The collision avoidance system for a warning aircraft as recited in claim 26, wherein:
    - said computer has been programmed to assign priorities to broadcasts if more than one aircraft constitute traffic for the warning aircraft.
  - 28. The collision avoidance system for a warning aircraft as recited in claim 25, wherein:
    - said computer has been programmed to assign priorities to broadcasts if more than one aircraft constitute traffic for the warning aircraft.
  - 29. The collision avoidance system for a warning aircraft as recited in claim 25, wherein:
    - said computer is adapted to communicate with a heading indicator in the warning aircraft and to use the information from said heading indicator to direct the warning system to include the heading of the warning aircraft in the vocal warning said warning system broadcasts.
  - 30. The collision avoidance system for a warning aircraft as recited in claim 29, wherein:
    - said computer is adapted to be connected to a radio receiver capable of receiving the frequency on which the warning system will transmit;
      
      said computer has been programmed to await a pause of predetermined length before instructing the warning system to initiate the vocal warning message; and
      
      said computer has been programmed with rates for the repetition of interrogations of transponders and broadcasting of warnings.
  - 31. The collision avoidance system for a warning aircraft as recited in claim 30, wherein:
    - said computer has been programmed to assign priorities to broadcasts if more than one aircraft constitute traffic for the warning aircraft.
  - 32. The collision avoidance system for a warning aircraft as recited in claim 29, wherein:
    - said computer has been programmed to assign priorities to broadcasts if more than one aircraft constitute traffic for the warning aircraft.
  - 33. The collision avoidance system for a warning aircraft as recited in claim 25, wherein:
    - said computer is adapted to communicate with a navigational position unit in the warning aircraft and to use the information from said navigational position unit to calculate the course of the warning aircraft and to direct the warning system to include the course of the warning aircraft in the vocal warning said warning system broadcasts.
  - 34. The collision avoidance system for a warning aircraft as recited in claim 33, wherein:
    - said computer is adapted to be connected to a radio receiver capable of receiving the frequency on which the warning system will transmit;
      
      said computer has been programmed to await a pause of predetermined length before instructing the warning system to initiate the vocal warning message; and
      
      said computer has been programmed with rates for the repetition of interrogations of transponders and broadcasting of warnings.
  - 35. The collision avoidance system for a warning aircraft as recited in claim 34, wherein:
    - said computer has been programmed to assign priorities to broadcasts if more than one aircraft constitute traffic for the warning aircraft.
  - 36. The collision avoidance system for a warning aircraft as recited in claim 33, wherein:
    - said computer has been programmed to assign priorities to broadcasts if more than one aircraft constitute traffic for the warning aircraft.
  - 37. The collision avoidance system for a warning aircraft as recited in claim 25, wherein:
    - said computer has been programmed to obtain and compare successive measurements from the altitude-measuring device in order to determine the altitudinal trend of the warning aircraft, and to direct the warning system to include the altitudinal trend of the warning aircraft in the vocal warning said warning system broadcasts.
  - 38. The collision avoidance system for a warning aircraft as recited in claim 37, wherein:
    - said computer is adapted to be connected to a radio receiver capable of receiving the frequency on which the warning system will transmit;
      
      said computer has been programmed to await a pause of predetermined length before instructing the warning system to initiate the vocal warning message; and
      
      said computer has been programmed with rates for the repetition of interrogations of transponders and broadcasting of warnings.
  - 39. The collision avoidance system for a warning aircraft as recited in claim 38, wherein:
    - said computer has been programmed to assign priorities to broadcasts if more than one aircraft constitute traffic for the warning aircraft.
  - 40. The collision avoidance system for a warning aircraft as recited in claim 37, wherein:
    - said computer has been programmed to assign priorities to broadcasts if more than one aircraft constitute traffic for the warning aircraft.
  - 41. The collision avoidance system for a warning aircraft as recited in claim 37, wherein:
    - said computer is adapted to communicate with a heading indicator in the warning aircraft and to use the information from said heading indicator to direct the warning system to include the heading of the warning aircraft in the vocal warning said warning system broadcasts.
  - 42. The collision avoidance system for a warning aircraft as recited in claim 41, wherein:
    - said computer is adapted to be connected to a radio receiver capable of receiving the frequency on which the warning system will transmit;
      
      said computer has been programmed to await a pause of predetermined length before instructing the warning system to initiate the vocal warning message; and
      
      said computer has been programmed with rates for the repetition of interrogations of transponders and broadcasting of warnings.
  - 43. The collision avoidance system for a warning aircraft as recited in claim 42, wherein:
    - said computer has been programmed to assign priorities to broadcasts if more than one aircraft constitute traffic for the warning aircraft.
  - 44. The collision avoidance system for a warning aircraft as recited in claim 41, wherein:
    - said computer has been programmed to assign priorities to broadcasts if more than one aircraft constitute traffic for the warning aircraft.
  - 45. The collision avoidance system for a warning aircraft as recited in claim 37, wherein:
    - said computer is adapted to communicate with a navigational position unit in the warning aircraft and to use the information from said navigational position unit to calculate the course of the warning aircraft and to direct the warning system to include the course of the warning aircraft in the vocal warning said warning system broadcasts.
  - 46. The collision avoidance system for a warning aircraft as recited in claim 45, wherein:
    - said computer is adapted to be connected to a radio receiver capable of receiving the frequency on which the warning system will transmit;
      
      said computer has been programmed to await a pause of predetermined length before instructing the warning system to initiate the vocal warning message; and
      
      said computer has been programmed with rates for the repetition of interrogations of transponders and broadcasting of warnings.
  - 47. The collision avoidance system for a warning aircraft as recited in claim 46, wherein:
    - said computer has been programmed to assign priorities to broadcasts if more than one aircraft constitute traffic for the warning aircraft.
  - 48. The collision avoidance system for a warning aircraft as recited in claim 45, wherein:
    - said computer has been programmed to assign priorities to broadcasts if more than one aircraft constitute traffic for the warning aircraft.
  - 49. The collision avoidance system for a warning aircraft as recited in claim 13, wherein:
    - said computer has been programmed to obtain and compare successive measurements from the altitude-measuring device in order to determine the altitudinal trend of the warning aircraft, and to direct the warning system to include the altitudinal trend of the warning aircraft in the vocal warning said warning system broadcasts.
  - 50. The collision avoidance system for a warning aircraft as recited in claim, 49, wherein:
    - said computer is adapted to communicate with a radio receiver capable of receiving the frequency on which the warning system will transmit;
      
      said computer has been programmed to await a pause of predetermined length before instructing the warning system to initiate the vocal warning message; and
      
      said computer has been programmed with rates for the repetition of interrogations of transponders and broadcasting of warnings.
  - 51. The collision avoidance system for a warning aircraft as recited in claim 50, wherein:
    - said computer has been programmed to assign priorities to broadcasts if more than one aircraft constitute traffic for the warning aircraft.
  - 52. The collision avoidance system for a warning aircraft as recited in claim 49, wherein:
    - said computer has been programmed to assign priorities to broadcasts if more than one aircraft constitute traffic for the warning aircraft.
  - 53. The collision avoidance system for a warning aircraft as recited in claim 49, wherein:
    - said computer is adapted to communicate with a heading indicator in the warning aircraft and to use the information from said heading indicator to direct the warning system to include the heading of the warning aircraft in the vocal warning said warning system broadcasts.
  - 54. The collision avoidance system for a warning aircraft as recited in claim 53, wherein:
    - said computer is adapted to be connected to a radio receiver capable of receiving the frequency on which the warning system will transmit;
      
      said computer has been programmed to await a pause of predetermined length before instructing the warning system to initiate the vocal warning message; and
      
      said computer has been programmed with rates for the repetition of interrogations of transponders and broadcasting of warnings.
  - 55. The collision avoidance system for a warning aircraft as recited in claim 54, wherein:
    - said computer has been programmed to assign priorities to broadcasts if more than one aircraft constitute traffic for the warning aircraft.
  - 56. The collision avoidance system for a warning aircraft as recited in claim 53, wherein:
    - said computer has been programmed to assign priorities to broadcasts if more than one aircraft constitute traffic for the warning aircraft.
  - 57. The collision avoidance system for a warning aircraft as recited in claim 49, wherein:
    - said computer is adapted to communicate with a navigational position unit in the warning aircraft and to use the information from said navigational position unit to calculate the course of the warning aircraft and to direct the warning system to include the course of the warning aircraft in the vocal warning said warning system broadcasts.
  - 58. The collision avoidance system for a warning aircraft as recited in claim 57, wherein:
    - said computer is adapted to be connected to a radio receiver capable of receiving the frequency on which the warning system will transmit;
      
      said computer has been programmed to await a pause of predetermined length before instructing the warning system to initiate the vocal warning message; and
      
      said computer has been programmed with rates for the repetition of interrogations of transponders and broadcasting of warnings.
  - 59. The collision avoidance system for a warning aircraft as recited in claim 58, wherein:
    - said computer has been programmed to assign priorities to broadcasts if more than one aircraft constitute traffic for the warning aircraft.
  - 60. The collision avoidance system for a warning aircraft as recited in claim 57, wherein:
    - said computer has been programmed to assign priorities to broadcasts if more than one aircraft constitute traffic for the warning aircraft.

61. A collision avoidance system for a warning aircraft, which comprises:
- a means for interrogating the transponder of warned aircraft;
  
  a means for receiving the signal which has been transmitted by the transponder of warned aircraft;
  
  a means for storing the type of aircraft that the warning aircraft is and the generally horizontal distance or the rate of closure at which the warning aircraft and the warned aircraft will be so close or approaching one another so rapidly as to constitute traffic for one and another and also for determining time differentials, for calculating the generally horizontal distance between the warning aircraft and the warned aircraft by using the difference in time between the sending of the interrogation by the warning aircraft and the receipt of the answering data from the transponder of the warned aircraft, and for utilizing the data in the computer memory together with the preceding calculations to determine whether the warning aircraft and the warned aircraft constitute "traffic" for one another, which means for storing and determining communicates with the means for interrogating and the means for receiving; and
  
  a means for providing a vocal warning to the warned aircraft, at the direction of the means for storing and determining when said means for storing and determining determines that the warning aircraft and the warned aircraft constitute traffic for one another.

62. A process for avoiding collision between aircraft, which comprises:
- interrogating the transponder of warned aircraft;
  
  receiving the signal which has been transmitted by the transponder of warned aircraft;
  
  storing the generally generally horizontal distance or the rate of closure at which the warning aircraft and the warned aircraft will be so close or approaching one another so rapidly as to constitute traffic for one and another;
  
  calculating the generally horizontal distance between the warning aircraft and the warned aircraft by using the difference in time between the sending of the interrogation by the warning aircraft and the receipt of the answering data from the transponder of the warned aircraft;
  
  utilizing the stored data together with the preceding calculations to determine whether the warning aircraft and the warned aircraft constitute "traffic" for one another; and
  
  providing a vocal warning to the warned aircraft when the warning aircraft and the warned aircraft constitute traffic for one another.

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Current Assignee
James Mahon
Original Assignee
James Mahon
Inventors
Mahon, James
Primary Examiner(s)
Hofsass, Jeffery A.
Assistant Examiner(s)
TRIEU, VAN THANH

Application Number

US08/802,071
Time in Patent Office

895 Days
Field of Search

340/961, 340/973, 340/974, 340/975, 340/993, 340/301, 340/963, 340/945, 364/461, 364/439, 364/449.1, 342/29, 342/30, 342/31, 342/32, 342/36, 342/44, 342/455, 342/456, 701/9, 701/14, 701/301, 701/120, 701/207
US Class Current

340/961
CPC Class Codes

G08G 5/0008 with other aircraft

G08G 5/0078 for monitoring traffic from...

Collision avoidance system

First Claim

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Abstract

66 Citations

62 Claims

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Collision avoidance system

First Claim

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Abstract

66 Citations

62 Claims

Specification

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