Reciprocating active magnetic regenerator refrigeration apparatus
First Claim
1. An active magnetic regenerator comprising:
- (a) a magnet producing a magnetic field;
(b) a distribution valve having a first valve member and a moving second valve member slidably engaged to one another, the first valve member and the moving second valve member each having ports by which heat transfer fluid may be provided to and received from the valve member;
(c) a magnetic regenerator bed including material that exhibits the magnetocaloric effect that is porous and allows the flow of heat transfer fluid through such magnetocaloric material, the bed mounted to the moving second valve member of the distribution valve to move with it, the moving second valve member having a port opening into a first side of the bed and a port opening into a second side of the bed so that fluid flowing between the ports flows through the magnetocaloric material of the bed; and
(d) a reciprocating drive connected to the moving second valve member to slide the moving second valve member and the regenerator bed mounted to it between a first position in which the regenerator bed is outside of the magnetic field of the magnet to a second position in which the regenerator bed is in the magnetic field of the magnet.
4 Assignments
0 Petitions
Accused Products
Abstract
An active magnetic regenerator refrigeration apparatus includes one or more reciprocating regenerator beds and a heat transfer fluid distribution valve that is activated as the bed is moved between a position in which it is in the magnetic field of a magnet to a position in which it is outside the magnetic field of the magnet. The distribution valve has a first valve member and a moving second valve member slidingly engaged to each other, each of which has ports by which heat transfer fluid may be provided to and received from the valve member. The bed is mounted to the moving second valve member so that heat transfer fluid is conveyed to and through the valve in a single direction into the regenerator bed. The material of the bed exhibits the magnetocaloric effect and the temperature of the bed rises when it enters the magnetic field of the magnet and decreases when it exits the magnetic field, providing a refrigeration cycle. The direction of fluid flow to, from and through the distribution valve remains the same in both positions of the bed or beds, with the distribution valve serving to switch the direction of the fluid flow through the bed in the unmagnetized and magnetized positions of the bed, so that there is essentially no dead volume of heat transfer fluid.
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Citations
56 Claims
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1. An active magnetic regenerator comprising:
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(a) a magnet producing a magnetic field; (b) a distribution valve having a first valve member and a moving second valve member slidably engaged to one another, the first valve member and the moving second valve member each having ports by which heat transfer fluid may be provided to and received from the valve member; (c) a magnetic regenerator bed including material that exhibits the magnetocaloric effect that is porous and allows the flow of heat transfer fluid through such magnetocaloric material, the bed mounted to the moving second valve member of the distribution valve to move with it, the moving second valve member having a port opening into a first side of the bed and a port opening into a second side of the bed so that fluid flowing between the ports flows through the magnetocaloric material of the bed; and (d) a reciprocating drive connected to the moving second valve member to slide the moving second valve member and the regenerator bed mounted to it between a first position in which the regenerator bed is outside of the magnetic field of the magnet to a second position in which the regenerator bed is in the magnetic field of the magnet. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13)
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14. An active magnetic regenerator comprising:
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(a) a magnet producing a magnetic field; (b) a distribution valve having a first valve member and a moving second valve member slidably engaged to one another, the first valve member and the moving second valve member each having ports by which heat transfer fluid may be provided to and received from the valve member; (c) a first regenerator bed and a second regenerator bed each including material that exhibits the magnetocaloric effect that is porous and allows the flow of heat transfer fluid through such magnetocaloric material, the first and second regenerator beds mounted to the moving second valve member such that the two regenerator beds are spaced from each other, the moving second valve member having a port opening into a first side of the first bed and a port opening into a second side of the first bed so that fluid flowing between the ports flows through the magnetocaloric material of the first bed, the moving second valve member also having a port opening into a first side of the second bed and a port opening into a second side of the second bed so that fluid flowing between the ports flows through the magnetocaloric material of the second regenerator bed; and (d) a reciprocating drive connected to the moving second valve member to slide the moving second valve member and the regenerator beds mounted to it between a first position in which the first regenerator bed is outside the magnetic field of the magnet and the second regenerator bed is in the magnetic field of the magnet and a second position in which the first regenerator bed is in the magnetic field of the magnet and the second regenerator bed is outside of the magnetic field of the magnet. - View Dependent Claims (15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23)
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24. An active magnetic regenerator refrigeration apparatus comprising:
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(a) a magnet producing a magnetic field; (b) a distribution valve having a first valve member and a moving second valve member slidably engaged to one another, the first valve member and the moving second valve member each having ports by which heat transfer fluid may be provided to and received from the valve member; (c) a magnetic regenerator bed including material that exhibits the magnetocaloric effect that is porous and allows the flow of heat transfer fluid through such magnetocaloric material, the bed mounted to the moving second valve member to move with it, the moving second valve member having a port opening into a first side of the bed and a port opening into a second side of the bed so that fluid flowing between the ports flows through the magnetocaloric material of the bed; (d) a reciprocating drive connected to the moving second valve member to slide the moving second valve member and the regenerator bed mounted to it between a first position in which the regenerator bed is outside of the magnetic field of the magnet to a second position in which the regenerator bed is in the magnetic field of the magnet; (e) a hot heat exchanger; (f) a cold heat exchanger; (g) conduits connected to the ports of the first valve member and to the hot and cold heat exchangers, the conduits directing heat transfer fluid in a circuit from the bed which is outside the magnetic field through the distribution valve to the cold heat exchanger and then back through the distribution valve to the bed that is in the magnetic field and then through the distribution valve to the hot heat exchanger and then back through the distribution valve to the bed that is outside of the magnetic field, the distribution valve directing the flow therethrough so that the circuit of flow through the conduits is maintained in the same direction in both positions of the distribution valve and with the direction of flow through each bed reversed in each position of the valve; and (h) a pump connected in the conduits to drive heat transfer fluid through the hot and cold heat exchangers, the conduits and the distribution valve. - View Dependent Claims (25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38)
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39. An active magnetic regenerator apparatus comprising:
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(a) a distribution valve having a first valve member and a moving second valve member slidably engaged to one another, the first valve member and the moving second valve member each having ports by which heat transfer fluid may be provided to and received from the valve member; (b) a first regenerator bed and a second regenerator bed each including material that exhibits the magnetocaloric effect that is porous and allows the flow of heat transfer fluid through such magnetocaloric material, the first and second regenerator beds mounted to the moving second valve member such that the two regenerator beds are spaced from each other, the moving second valve member having a port opening into a first side of the first bed and a port opening into a second side of the first bed so that fluid flowing between the ports flows through the magnetocaloric material of the first bed, the moving second valve member also having a port opening into a first side of the second bed and a port opening into a second side of the second bed so that fluid flowing between the ports flows through the magnetocaloric material of the second regenerator bed; and
wherein the first valve member is formed as an elongated hollow inner tube having an outside surface and wherein the moving second valve member is formed as an elongated hollow tube having an inside diameter slightly larger than the outside diameter of the inner tube and mounted to slide axially on the inner tube, the inner tube having an inner lumen divided into four quadrants to define four quadrant conduits and including three pairs of openings in the wall of the inner tube, two pairs of equally spaced openings communicating with two of the four quadrant conduits and located at a position outside of the magnetic field of the magnet and a third pair of openings positioned between the other two pairs communicating with the other two quadrant conduits and located at a position within the magnetic field of the magnet, and wherein the regenerator beds are mounted around the outer tube of the moving second valve member and wherein the ports in the moving second valve member communicating with the beds are spaced apart a distance equal to the spacing between the pairs of openings in the inner tube such that in the first position of the distribution valve the ports in the moving second valve member opening into the first bed are in communication with a first two of the quadrant conduits of the inner tube and wherein the ports in the moving second valve member opening into the second bed are in communication with the other two quadrant conduits of the inner tube, and wherein in the second position of the moving second valve member the ports opening into the two beds are in communication with the quadrant conduits that they were not in communication with in the first position. - View Dependent Claims (40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46)
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47. An active magnetic regenerator refrigeration apparatus comprising:
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(a) a magnet producing a magnetic field; (b) a distribution valve having a first valve member and a moving second valve member slidably engaged to one another, the first valve member and the moving second valve member each having ports by which heat transfer fluid may be provided to and received from the valve member; (c) a magnetic regenerator bed including material that exhibits the magnetocaloric effect that is porous and allows the flow of heat transfer fluid through such magnetocaloric material, the bed mounted to the moving second valve member to move with it, the moving second valve member having a port opening into a first side of the bed and a port opening into a second side of the bed so that fluid flowing between the ports flows through the magnetocaloric material of the bed; (d) a reciprocating drive connected to the moving second valve member to slide the moving second valve member and the regenerator bed mounted to it between a first position in which the regenerator bed is outside of the magnetic field of the magnet to a second position in which the regenerator bed is in the magnetic field of the magnet; (e) a hot heat exchanger; (f) a cold heat exchanger for chilling a fluid; (g) a pump; (h) conduits connected to the ports of the first valve member, to the pump and to the hot and cold heat exchangers, the conduits directing a portion of heat transfer fluid in a circuit from the bed which is outside the magnetic field through the distribution valve then out of the distribution valve and back to and through the distribution valve to the bed that is in the magnetic field and then through the distribution valve to the hot heat exchanger and then back through the distribution valve to the bed that is outside of the magnetic field, the conduits also directing a portion of the fluid from the bed which is outside the magnetic field through the distribution valve and then through the cold heat exchanger to an input of the pump and then to the distribution valve, the distribution valve directing the flow therethrough so that the circuit of flow through the conduits is maintained in the same direction in both positions of the distribution valve and with the direction of flow through each bed reversed in each position of the valve, the pump connected in the conduits to drive heat transfer fluid through the hot and cold heat exchangers, the conduits and the distribution valve. - View Dependent Claims (48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56)
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Specification