Self-correcting and adjustable method and apparatus for predicting the remaining capacity and reserve time of a battery on discharge
First Claim
1. A method of predicting a remaining reserve capacity and reserve time of a battery during discharge, comprising the steps of:
- a) sensing a battery discharge;
b) collecting a first set of battery parameters at a first sample time (t1) and a second set of battery parameters at a second sample time (t2), wherein said parameters collected include battery voltage (V), discharge current (I), and battery temperature (T);
c) determining a discharge capacity calculated (Qdis.calc.) representing the battery capacity discharged between said first sample time and said second sample time using a calculation process incorporating said battery parameters;
d) determining an actual discharge capacity (Qdis.act.) representing the actual battery capacity discharged between said first sample time and said second sample time;
e) determining a difference between said discharge capacity calculated (Qdis.calc.) and said actual discharge capacity (Qdis.act.);
f) comparing said difference between said discharge capacity calculated (Qdis.calc.) and said actual discharge capacity (Qdis.act.) to a tolerance factor;
g) adjusting said calculation process if said difference is greater than said tolerance factor; and
h) using the adjusted calculation process to determine the remaining battery reserve capacity.
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Accused Products
Abstract
A self-correcting and adjustable apparatus and method of predicting remaining capacity (Q) and reserve time (t) of a discharging battery to a selected end voltage determined by an arrangement considering the open circuit voltage (Eoc), battery voltage (V) battery temperature (T) and battery internal resistance (Rint). The apparatus and method of the present invention utilize a calculation process which first compares calculated and measured capacity discharged between two times (Qdis.calc. -Qdis.act.). If this difference exceeds a certain predetermined tolerance or limit of error, the calculation process is adjusted or tuned and the comparison is repeated until the difference between the actual capacity and the calculated capacity are within a predetermined tolerance. The calculation process is tuned by adjusting the value attributed to the battery'"'"'s internal resistance (Rint). A correlation between battery capacity and battery internal resistance is used to make a reasoned initial adjustment to the calculation process. Then an iterative process of successive approximations is used to tune the calculation process within a given tolerance factor. Once the calculation process has been tuned, the adjusted internal resistance (Rint) is then used for subsequent calculations of remaining battery capacity (Q) and reserve time (t). The calculation process may be tuned or adjusted initially, intermittently, or throughout the battery discharge.
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Citations
37 Claims
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1. A method of predicting a remaining reserve capacity and reserve time of a battery during discharge, comprising the steps of:
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a) sensing a battery discharge; b) collecting a first set of battery parameters at a first sample time (t1) and a second set of battery parameters at a second sample time (t2), wherein said parameters collected include battery voltage (V), discharge current (I), and battery temperature (T); c) determining a discharge capacity calculated (Qdis.calc.) representing the battery capacity discharged between said first sample time and said second sample time using a calculation process incorporating said battery parameters; d) determining an actual discharge capacity (Qdis.act.) representing the actual battery capacity discharged between said first sample time and said second sample time; e) determining a difference between said discharge capacity calculated (Qdis.calc.) and said actual discharge capacity (Qdis.act.); f) comparing said difference between said discharge capacity calculated (Qdis.calc.) and said actual discharge capacity (Qdis.act.) to a tolerance factor; g) adjusting said calculation process if said difference is greater than said tolerance factor; and h) using the adjusted calculation process to determine the remaining battery reserve capacity. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26)
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27. A method of predicting a remaining reserve capacity and reserve time of a battery during discharge, comprising the steps of:
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a) waiting until a battery discharge is detected; b) calculating a discharge capacity calculated (Qdis.calc.) representing the battery capacity discharged between a first sample time (t1) and said second sample time (t2) using a calculation process incorporating battery parameters; c) determining an actual discharge capacity (Qdis.act.) representing the actual battery capacity discharged between said first sample time and said second sample time; d) comparing the difference between said discharge capacity calculated (Qdis.act.) and said actual discharge capacity (Qdis.act.) to a tolerance factor; e) adjusting said calculation process if said difference is greater than said tolerance factor; and f) using the adjusted calculation process to determine the remaining battery reserve capacity. - View Dependent Claims (28, 29)
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30. A method of predicting a remaining reserve capacity and reserve time of a battery during discharge, comprising the steps of:
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a) waiting until a battery discharge is sensed; b) monitoring battery parameters indicative of the battery performance during discharge; c) at a present sample time (tn) during the battery discharge, calculating a discharge capacity calculated (Qdis.calc.) representing the battery capacity discharged between said present sample time (tn) and a previous sample time (tn-1) using a calculation process incorporating said battery parameters; d) determining an actual discharge capacity (Qdis.act.) representing the battery capacity discharged between said present sample time (tn) and said previous sample time (tn-1); e) determining a total discharge capacity calculated (Qdis.calc.total) by summing all previous discharge capacities calculated from a first sample time (T1) to said present sample time (tn); f) determining a total actual discharge capacity (Qdis.act.total) by summing all previous actual discharge capacities from a first sample time (T1) to said present sample time (tn); g) comparing the difference between said total discharge capacity calculated (Qdis.calc.total) and said total actual discharge capacity (Qdis.act.total) to a tolerance factor; h) adjusting said calculation process if said difference is greater than said tolerance factor; and i) using the adjusted calculation process to determine the remaining battery reserve capacity.
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31. A method of predicting a remaining reserve capacity and reserve time of a battery during discharge, comprising the steps of:
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a) determining if a battery discharge is occurring; b) when a battery discharge is detected, collecting a first set of battery parameters at a first sample time (t1) and a second set of battery parameters at a second sample time (t2), wherein said parameters collected include battery voltage (V), discharge current (I), and battery temperature (T); c) calculating a discharge capacity calculated (Qdis.calc.) representing the battery capacity discharged between said first sample time and said second sample time using said battery parameters in a calculation process, comprising the sub-steps of; (1) determining the remaining battery reserve capacity (Q1) at said first sample time (t1) using said calculation process; (2) determining the remaining battery reserve capacity (Q2) at said second sample time (t2) using said calculation process; and (3) determining the discharge capacity calculated (Qdis.calc.) as the difference between the remaining battery reserve capacity (Q1) at said first sample time (t1) and the remaining battery reserve capacity (Q2) at said second sample time (t2); wherein said calculation process comprises the sub-steps of; (1) collecting a discharge voltage of the battery (V), a discharge current of the battery (I), and a temperature of the battery (T); (2) determining a temperature-corrected battery overvoltage (η
) defined as;
##EQU15## where Eoc is the battery open circuit voltage, and Rint is the internal resistance of the battery; and(3) determining the remaining reserve capacity (Q) using a discharge characteristic curve for the battery, the curve defined by the equation;
##EQU16## where Qmax, a, b, c, d and e are predetermined parameters determined by a discharge characteristic curve of the battery;d) determining an actual discharge capacity (Qdis.act.) representing the actual battery capacity discharged between said first sample time and said second sample time, comprising the sub-steps of; (1) collecting a first discharge current (I1) at a first sample time (t1); (2) collecting a second discharge current (I2) at a second sample time (t2); and (3) determining actual battery capacity (Qdis.act.) using the relation;
space="preserve" listing-type="equation">Q.sub.dis.act. =1/2(t.sub.1 -t.sub.2)(I.sub.1 +I.sub.2);e) determining a difference between said discharge capacity calculated (Qdis.calc.) and said actual discharge capacity (Qdis.act.); f) comparing said difference between said discharge capacity calculated (Qdis.calc.) and said actual discharge capacity (Qdis.act.) to a tolerance factor; g) adjusting said calculation process if said difference is greater than said tolerance factor; h) repeating said steps a) through g) until said difference is less than or equal to said tolerance factor; and i) using the adjusted calculation process to determine the remaining battery reserve capacity.
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32. Apparatus for predicting a remaining reserve capacity and reserve time of a battery, comprising:
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voltage sensing circuitry connected for sensing a voltage (V) of a battery; current sensing circuitry connected for sensing a discharge current (I) of the battery; a temperature sensing device positioned for sensing a temperature (T) of the battery; a battery monitoring unit connected to receive input from the voltage sensing circuitry, the current sensing circuitry, and the temperature sensing device, and including a reserve time prediction sub-unit having; a stored program controller for controlling and receiving input from the voltage sensing circuitry, the current sensing circuitry, and the temperature sensing device and determining if the battery is discharging; memory associated with the stored program controller and including data indicative of a battery open circuit voltage (Eoc), a battery internal resistance (Rint), a maximum theoretical capacity (Qmax), and a tolerance factor; the stored program controller including instructions for adjusting a calculation process when the difference between a discharge capacity calculated (Qdis.calc.) and an actual discharge capacity (Qdis.act.) exceeds said tolerance factor. - View Dependent Claims (33, 34, 35)
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36. Apparatus for predicting a remaining reserve capacity and reserve time of a battery in an electrical system, comprising:
- voltage sensing circuitry connected for sensing a voltage (V) of the system;
a battery monitoring unit connected to receive input from the voltage sensing circuitry and including a reserve time prediction sub-unit having; a stored program controller for controlling and receiving input from the voltage sensing circuitry and determining if the battery is discharging; memory associated with the stored program controller and including data indicative of a battery open circuit voltage (Eoc), a battery internal resistance (Rint), a maximum theoretical capacity (Qmax), and a tolerance factor; the stored program controller including instructions for adjusting a calculation process when the difference between a discharge capacity calculated (Qdis.calc.) and an actual discharge capacity (Qdis.act.) exceeds said tolerance factor. - View Dependent Claims (37)
- voltage sensing circuitry connected for sensing a voltage (V) of the system;
Specification