Method for resolving presence, orientation and activity in a defined space

• US 5,936,412 A
• Filed: 10/08/1997
• Issued: 08/10/1999
• Est. Priority Date: 02/03/1994
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Massachusetts Institute of Technology
• Original Assignee: Massachusetts Institute of Technology
• Inventors: Gershenfeld, Neil, Smith, Joshua R.
• Primary Examiner(s): Ballato, Josie
• Assistant Examiner(s): VALONE, THOMAS F
• Application Number:
  US08/947,255
• Time in Patent Office: 671 Days
• Field of Search: 324/662, 324/663, 324/687, 324/688, 324/690, 340/541, 340/561, 340/562
• US Class Current: 324/663
• CPC Class Codes: B60N 2/002 Seats provided with an occupancy detection means mounted therein or thereon detection means responsive to presence or absence of children B60N2/266
• CPC Class Codes: B60N 2/28 Seats readily mountable on, and dismountable from, existing seats or other parts of the vehicle
• CPC Class Codes: B60N 2/286 forward facing B60N2/2866 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: B60N 2/2863 backward facing
• CPC Class Codes: B60R 21/01532 using electric or capacitive field sensors
• CPC Class Codes: B60R 21/01556 Child-seat detection systems
• CPC Class Codes: G01B 7/003 for measuring position, not involving coordinate determination coordinate measuring G01B7/004
• CPC Class Codes: G01B 7/004 for measuring coordinates of points
• CPC Class Codes: G01D 5/24 by varying capacitance
• CPC Class Codes: G01V 3/088 operating with electric fields G01V3/082 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 3/011 Arrangements for interaction with the human body, e.g. for user immersion in virtual reality blind teaching G09B21/00
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 3/017 Gesture based interaction, e.g. based on a set of recognized hand gestures interaction based on gestures traced on a digitiser G06F3/04883
• CPC Class Codes: H03K 17/955 using a capacitive detector
• CPC Class Codes: H03K 2217/94052 with evaluation of actuation pattern or sequence, e.g. tapping
• CPC Class Codes: H03K 2217/960775 Emitter-receiver or "fringe" type detection, i.e. one or more field emitting electrodes and corresponding one or more receiving electrodes

Abstract

A method for resolving presence, orientation and activity of a person within a defined space utilizes at least two electrodes proximate to the space to be observed. A characterization of the position and orientation is obtained by providing a pattern of measurement clusters each associated with a position and an orientation. An AC signal is applied to one electrode, and the current measured from that electrode to any other electrodes included in the system, and which are effectively connected to the ground return of the AC-coupled electrode. A person (or object) to be sensed intercepts a part of the electric field extending between the AC-coupled "sending" electrode and the other "receiving" electrodes, the amount of the field intercepted depending on the size and orientation of the sensed person, whether or not the person provides a grounding path, and the geometry of the distributed electrodes. Given the nonlinear spatial dependence of the field, multiple electrodes can reliably distinguish among a set of expected cases. The invention can be configured to detect not only static positions and orientations, but also motion through a defined space. This is accomplished by taking sequential measurements at different times and utilizing the time variation in signal magnitudes as well as the absolute magnitudes themselves.

Claims

1. A method of characterizing the position and orientation of a mass in a defined space, the method comprising the steps of:

a. providing at least two electrodes;

b. spacing the electrodes proximate to the space and in fixed positions relative to each other;

c. providing an AC source; and

d. obtaining a characterization of the position and orientation by (i) providing a pattern of measurement clusters each associated with a position and an orientation;

(ii) connecting one of the electrodes to the AC source and measuring the current into each unconnected electrode;

(iii) comparing the measurements against the pattern; and

if the measurements are insufficient to obtain the characterization, (iv) connecting another of the electrodes to the AC source and measuring the current into each unconnected electrode; and

(v) repeating step (iii) until the characterization is obtained.

2. The method of claim 1 wherein step (d) (ii) comprises measuring the current into each of the unconnected electrodes a plurality of times, thereby producing a plurality of time-separated measurements.

3. The method of claim 1 wherein at least three electrodes are provided, the electrodes being sequentially connected to the AC source, the characterizing step comprising making at least two measurements of current into an unconnected electrode and at least one measurement of current into another unconnected electrode.

4. The method of claim 1 wherein the mass is a person.

5. The method of claim 4 further comprising the step of providing a nonconductive contour having first and second sides opposed to each other, the person resting against the first side and the electrodes being disposed on the second side.

6. The method of claim 5 wherein at least three electrodes are provided and the contour is a seat comprising a base portion and a back portion angled relative to each other, at least one electrode being located along the base portion and at least one electrode being located along the back portion.

7. The method of claim 6 wherein at least four electrodes are provided, two electrodes being spaced along the base portion and two electrodes being spaced along the back portion.