Ventilator for respiratory treatment

• US 5,937,853 A
• Filed: 11/06/1996
• Issued: 08/17/1999
• Est. Priority Date: 11/16/1995
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Maquet Critical Care AB (Getinge AB)
• Original Assignee: Siemens Elema AB
• Inventors: Strom, Christer
• Primary Examiner(s): Weiss, John G.
• Assistant Examiner(s): SRIVASTAVA, VIRENDRA KUMAR
• Application Number:
  US08/743,738
• Time in Patent Office: 1,014 Days
• Field of Search: 128/204.23, 128/204.21, 128/204.24, 128/204.18, 128/204.22, 600/529, 600/538
• US Class Current: 128/204.23
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 16/00 Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes stimulating the respiratory movement by mechanical, pneumatic or electrical means, iron lungs combined with gas breathing means A61H31/00
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 16/024 including calculation means, e.g. using a processor
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2016/0021 with a proportional output signal, e.g. from a thermistor
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2016/0039 in the inspiratory circuit
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2016/0042 in the expiratory circuit

Abstract

A ventilator for respirator treatment includes a gas delivery unit and a regulating unit arranged to control the gas delivery unit to deliver gas to a patient according to prescribed parameter values to obtain sufficient ventilation of the patient. Sensors are provided for sensing respiration efforts of the patient and to control the regulating unit to adapt an operation cycle of the gas delivery unit to sensed respiration efforts of the patient. The regulating unit controls the gas delivery unit also to deliver a pressure or volume support to the respiration of the patient to a predetermined resulting total pressure or volume level. If an apnea exceeding a predetermined length of time is detected by the sensor, the regulating unit controls the gas delivery unit to deliver gas to the patient according to the aforementioned prescribed parameter.

Claims

1. A ventilator for respiratory treatment of a respirating subject comprising:

gas delivery means for delivering respiratory gas to a subject;

regulation means for controlling said gas delivery means to deliver respiratory gas according to a mode of operation, for a non-spontaneously respirating subject, selected from the group consisting of a control mode, wherein said regulating means operates said gas delivery means to impose a breathing pattern according to prescribed control mode parameters, and a support mode, wherein said regulating means operates said gas delivery means to assist spontaneous breathing by said subject using support mode parameters;

sensing means for sensing a beginning of spontaneous respiration efforts of said subject and for emitting a signal to said regulating means in response to a sensed beginning of spontaneous respiration effort; and

said regulating means being connected to said sensing means and comprising means for changing the mode of operation of the ventilator, for when the ventilator is operating in said control mode, automatically switching control of the gas delivery means to deliver gas in said support mode, in response to said signal from said sensing means.

2. A ventilator as claimed in claim 1 wherein said means for adapting the mode of operation comprise means for automatically switching control of the gas delivery means back to said control mode upon an absence of sensed respiration efforts by the sensing means for a predetermined time period.

3. A ventilator as claimed in claim 1 wherein the control mode comprises a pressure control wherein said prescribed control mode parameters comprise pressure above PEEP, operation cycle and oxygen content of a breath to be delivered, and wherein said support mode comprises pressure support.

4. A ventilator as claimed in claim 1 wherein the control mode comprises volume control and wherein said prescribed parameters comprises tidal volume, operation cycle and oxygen content of a breath to be delivered, and wherein said support mode comprises volume support wherein a prescribed support mode parameter comprises minute volume.

5. A ventilator as claimed in claim 4 wherein said regulating means comprises means for controlling the gas delivery means for increasing the tidal volume to maintain the prescribed minute volume, if a rate of respiration efforts sensed by the sensing means decreases below a prescribed value.

6. A ventilator as claimed in claim 5 wherein the regulating means comprise means for limiting an increase of the tidal volume by said gas delivery means to a maximum of 50% above the prescribed tidal volume.

7. A ventilator as claimed in claim 4 wherein the support mode comprises volume support and wherein the regulating means comprise means for controlling the gas delivery means for delivering gas according to the volume support mode, for a first respiration effort sensed by the sensing means, with a pressure level corresponding to a pause pressure of the volume control mode and for controlling the gas delivery means for adjusting delivery of gas in the volume support mode for subsequent breaths to maintain the tidal volume equal to a value corresponding to the prescribed minute volume and operation cycle.

8. A ventilator as claimed in claim 1 wherein the control mode comprises pressure regulated volume control, and wherein said prescribed control mode parameters comprise tidal volume, operation cycle and oxygen content of a breath to be delivered, and wherein the support mode comprises volume support wherein a prescribed support mode parameter comprises minute volume.

9. A ventilator as claimed in claim 8 wherein said regulating means comprise means for controlling the gas delivery means for increasing the tidal volume to maintain the prescribed minute volume, if a rate of respiration efforts sensed by the sensing means decreases below a prescribed value.

10. A ventilator as claimed in claim 9 wherein the regulating means comprise means for limiting increase of the tidal volume by said gas delivery means to a maximum of 50% above the prescribed tidal volume.

11. A ventilator as claimed in claim 8 wherein the regulating means comprises means for emitting an enabling signal in response to a spontaneous respiration effort of the patient sensed by the sensing means, and wherein said ventilator comprises calculating means, enabled by said enabling signal, for calculating an impedance of an airway of said subject, and wherein the regulating means comprise means for controlling the gas delivery means dependent on the impedance calculated by the calculation means to produce volume support for delivering a tidal volume to the subject corresponding to the prescribed minute volume and operation cycle.

12. A ventilator as claimed in claim 1 wherein the regulating means comprise means for resetting the calculation means, if the calculation means fails to calculate the impedance for a new attempt at impedance calculation, if the calculation means repeatedly fails to calculate impedance for a predetermined number of times, for controlling the gas delivery means to deliver gas according to the volume control mode for a predetermined time. And for thereafter controlling the calculation means to again attempt impedance calculation.

13. A ventilator as claimed in claim 1 wherein the regulating means comprise means for controlling the gas delivery means for delivering gas control mode having a prescribed control mode parameter comprising single breaths synchronized to respiration efforts sensed by the sensing means at intervals equal to a predetermined number of respiration periods.

14. A ventilator as claimed in claim 1 wherein said sensing means comprise a flow meter.

15. A ventilator as claimed in claim 1 wherein said control mode comprises a mode selected from the group consisting of pressure control, volume control and pressure regulated volume control.

16. A ventilator as claimed in claim 1 wherein said support mode comprises a mode selected from the group consisting of pressure support and volume support.