Blood pump having rotor with internal bore for fluid flow

• US 5,938,412 A
• Filed: 07/01/1997
• Issued: 08/17/1999
• Est. Priority Date: 06/01/1995
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Advanced Bionics Corporation (Sonova Holding AG)
• Original Assignee: Advanced Bionics Corporation (Sonova Holding AG)
• Inventors: Izraelev, Valentin M.
• Primary Examiner(s): FREAY, CHARLES GRANT
• Application Number:
  US08/886,188
• Time in Patent Office: 777 Days
• Field of Search: 415/203, 415/206, 415/900, 600/16, 604/4, 604/131, 604/151, 417/420, 417/423.14, 417/423.7, 417/424.1, 417/356, 417/357, 623/3, 416/186 R, 416/189
• US Class Current: 417/423.7
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2205/3334 Measuring or controlling the flow rate
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 60/148 in line with a blood vessel using resection or like techniques, e.g. permanent endovascular heart assist devices
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 60/178 drawing blood from a ventricle and returning the blood to the arterial system via a cannula external to the ventricle, e.g. left or right ventricular assist devices
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 60/221 the blood flow through the rotating member having both radial and axial components, e.g. mixed flow pumps
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 60/419 the force acting on the blood contacting member being permanent magnetic, e.g. from a rotating magnetic coupling between driving and driven magnets
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 60/422 the force acting on the blood contacting member being electromagnetic, e.g. using canned motor pumps
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 60/531 using blood pressure data, e.g. from blood pressure sensors
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 60/806 Vanes or blades
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 60/822 specially adapted for being actively controlled
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 60/824 Hydrodynamic or fluid film bearings
• CPC Class Codes: F04D 1/006 double suction pumps
• CPC Class Codes: F04D 13/0646 the hollow pump or motor shaft being the conduit for the working fluid
• CPC Class Codes: F04D 15/0066 by changing the speed, e.g. of the driving engine
• CPC Class Codes: F04D 29/2211 More than one set of flow passages
• CPC Class Codes: F05B 2240/53 Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic bearings
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 415/90 Rotary blood pump

Abstract

A pump for transferring fragile and aggressive fluids such as human blood and comprising a pumping chamber along with a fluid inlet port disposed on the chamber, and one or more outlet ports arranged transversely and medially of the inlet ports. A shrouded rotor is positioned within the pumping chamber having a core of dual-conical configuration converging toward opposed polar end regions and with an axis of rotation extending between the polar regions. The shrouded rotor includes magnets which are arranged at radially spaced locations and with a magnetic drive positioned to deliver rotational driving energy to the rotor. The sole support for the rotor are the hydrodynamic forces acting upon the rotor during its operation, with the rotor body having a relative density of between 10% and 90% of the relative density of the fluid being pumped.

Claims

1. A pump for transferring fluids and comprising a pumping chamber with an inner periphery, an outer periphery and a central axis, primary and secondary fluid inlet ports arranged in oppositely disposed relationship on said chamber and coaxially with said pumping chamber, an outlet port means arranged transversely and generally medially of said primary and secondary inlet ports, a rotor disposed within said pumping chamber and having a core with a dual conical configuration converging toward opposed polar regions and having an axis of rotation extending between said polar regions and arranged coaxially with the axis of said pumping chamber during operational rotation of said rotor, magnetic driven means arranged on said rotor at radially spaced locations generally from said axis of rotation, electromagnetic drive means coupled to a source of energy and arranged to deliver rotational driving energy to said rotor through said magnetic driven means;

said rotor comprising;

(a) a core with at least one shroud coupled to the outer surface of said core having a semi-conical configuration with a core axial length and with the core axial length defining the axial length of said pumping chamber, and with said pumping chamber being disposed between said primary and secondary inlet ports; and

with the diameter of said core and shroud transverse to said axis of rotation defining a medial plane and being selected to provide a clearance between the outer surface of said shroud and the inner surface of said pumping chamber and with the magnitude of the clearance between the said inner surface of said pumping chamber and the outer periphery of said shroud from said primary and secondary inlet ports to said outlet port being approximately constant.

2. The pump as in claim 1 wherein the clearance between the inner surface of said pumping chamber and the outer periphery of said shroud is from between about 1 millimeter and 7 millimeters.

3. The pump of claim 1 having plural outlet ports, with the sum total of the cross-sectional area of said outlet ports being substantially equal to the cross-sectional area of said inlet ports.

4. The pump of claim 3 where the said plurality of outlet ports are generally equally arcuately spaced, one from another.

5. The pump of claim 2 wherein said clearance between the inner surface of said pumping chamber and the outer surface of said shroud is adequate to provide a flow channel for blood, and is such that the velocity of fluid being pumped remains substantially constant between said primary and secondary inlet ports and said outlet ports relative to the surface of said housing.

6. The pump of claim 1 wherein the rate of rotation of said rotor is controllably variable.

7. The pump of claim 1 being particularly characterized in that means are provided for sensing the rotational velocity of said rotor.

8. The pump of claim 1 being particularly characterized in that the driving forces for said rotor are coupled to said magnetic driven means disposed in spaced relationship to the center of mass of the rotor.

9. The pump of claim 1 being particularly characterized in that the fluid flows from inlets adjacent the polar tips of the cones to outlets adjacent the medial plane.

10. The pump as defined in claim 1 wherein the drive means includes permanent magnets arranged within the rotor along radial points adjacent the outer circumference of the rotor.

11. The pump as defined in claim 1 wherein the drive means includes permanent magnets disposed in a circular array, and wherein the outer perimeter of the magnets forming the array are spaced from the mid-point thereof, and with the structural mass of the rotor being disposed adjacent the rotational axis, thereby reducing the moment of inertia of said rotor.

12. A pump for transferring fluids especially liquids and comprising a pumping chamber with an inner periphery, an outer periphery and a central axis, inlet port means arranged in polar relationship to said pumping chamber and coaxially with said pumping chamber during operational rotation of said rotor, an outlet port means arranged transversely and generally medially of said pair of inlet ports, a rotor disposed within said pumping chamber and having a dual conical configuration converging toward opposed polar regions and having an axis of rotation extending between said polar regions and arranged coaxially with the axis of said pumping chamber, magnetic driven means arranged on said rotor at radially spaced locations generally medially along said axis of rotation, electromagnetic drive means coupled to a source of energy and arranged to deliver rotational driving energy to said rotor through said magnetic driven means;

said rotor comprising;

(a) a core with at least one shroud coupled to the outer surface of said core having a semi-conical configuration with a core axial length and with the core axial length defining the axial length of said pumping chamber, and with said pumping chamber being disposed between said primary and secondary inlet ports; and

with the diameter of said core and shroud transverse to said axis of rotation defining a medial plane and being selected to provide a clearance between the outer surface of said shroud and the inner surface of said pumping chamber and with the magnitude of the clearance between the said inner surface of said pumping chamber and the outer periphery of said shroud from said primary and secondary inlet ports to said outlet port being approximately constant; and

(b) the arrangement being such that the sole support for the rotor are the hydrodynamic forces created in the fluid being pumped, wherein the housing structure of the pump is free of rotor supporting members and bearings.