Advanced synchronous luminescence system for the detection of biological agents and infectious pathogens

• US 5,938,617 A
• Filed: 12/03/1996
• Issued: 08/17/1999
• Est. Priority Date: 09/02/1994
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Lockheed Martin Energy Research Corporation (Martin Marietta Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Lockheed Martin Energy Research Corporation (Martin Marietta Corporation)
• Inventors: Vo-Dinh, Tuan
• Primary Examiner(s): Smith, Ruth S.
• Application Number:
  US08/760,165
• Time in Patent Office: 987 Days
• Field of Search: 600/473, 600/475, 600/476-478, 600/310, 600/314, 600/342, 436/63, 436/64, 436/171, 436/172, 436/20-24
• US Class Current: 600/476
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/0059 using light, e.g. diagnosis by transillumination, diascopy, fluorescence A61B5/0093, A61B5/1455, A61B5/02416 and A61B5/0261 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G01J 3/1256 using acousto-optic tunable filter; acousto-optic elements or systems G02F1/11, G02F1/33
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 21/6402 Atomic fluorescence; Laser induced fluorescence
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 21/6456 Spatial resolved fluorescence measurements; Imaging
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 21/6486 Measuring fluorescence of biological material, e.g. DNA, RNA, cells G01N21/6428 takes precedence

Abstract

A method and apparatus for detecting and identifying biological pathogens in a sample includes exposing the sample to an excitation radiation and thereby generating an emission radiation, synchronously scanning the wavelength of the excitation radiation and the wavelength of the emission radiation to produce a spectrum, and correlating the spectrum to a biological pathogen in the sample. In another aspect, a method and apparatus for imaging chemical and biological agents in a sample includes exposing the sample to an excitation radiation and thereby generating an emission radiation and synchronously imaging the wavelength of the excitation radiation and the wavelength of the emission radiation to produce an imaged spectrum.

Claims

1. A method of testing a sample comprising the steps of:

exposing the sample to an excitation radiation and thereby generating an emission radiation;

synchronously scanning the wavelength of the excitation radiation and the wavelength of the emission radiation to produce a spectrum; and

correlating the spectrum to an infectious agent in the sample.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the exposing step comprises directing an output beam from a laser light source to the sample through at least one optical fiber.

3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the sample is a tissue sample.

4. The method according to claim 3, further comprising directing the output of the laser light source into a probe disposed in vivo next to the tissue sample.

5. The method according to claim 2, wherein the scanning step further comprises directing the output beam of the laser source through a dye module having a plurality of dyes, and changing the dyes to achieve a range of excitation wavelengths.

6. The method according to claim 2, wherein the scanning step further comprises directing the output beam of the laser source through a dye container, and selectively moving a plurality of dyes into the dye container to achieve a range of excitation wavelengths.

7. The method of claim 2, wherein the excitation scanning step further comprises directing the output beam of the laser source through an optical parametric oscillator to achieve a range of excitation wavelengths.

8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the synchronously scanning step comprises maintaining a constant interval between the wavelength of the excitation radiation and the emission radiation during synchronous scanning.

9. The method according to claim 8, wherein the exposing step comprises directing a laser beam to an air sample and detecting a backscattered signal remotely.

10. The method according to claim 1, wherein the synchronous scanning step comprises directing the excitation radiation into a first acousto-optic tunable filter, and changing an input radio frequency of the first filter to achieve a range of excitation wavelengths.

11. The method according to claim 10, wherein the synchronous scanning step further comprises directing the emission radiation into a second acousto-optic tunable filter, and changing an input radio frequency of the second filter to achieve a range of emission wavelengths.

12. The method according to claim 10, wherein the synchronous scanning step further comprises directing the emission radiation into the first filter at an angle relative to the excitation radiation.

13. The method according to claim 10, wherein the synchronous scanning step further comprises directing the emission radiation into the first filter, alternately providing two radio frequency signals to the first filter to alternately pass the excitation and emission radiations through the first filter, and alternately detecting the emission radiation when the first filter is not transmitting the excitation radiation.

14. The method according to claim 1, wherein the synchronous scanning step comprises directing the excitation radiation into a first liquid crystal tunable filter, and adjusting a retarding element of the first filter to achieve a range of excitation wavelengths.

15. The method according to claim 14, wherein the synchronous scanning step further comprises directing the emission radiation into a second liquid crystal tunable filter, and adjusting a retarding element of the second filter to achieve a range of emission wavelengths.

16. The method according to claim 1, wherein the exposing step comprises directing a laser beam to an air sample and detecting a backscattered signal remotely.

17. The method of claim 1, wherein the sample is a food product.

18. The method of claim 1, comprising the step of correlating the spectrum to an infectious pathogen.

19. An apparatus for testing a sample comprising:

means for exposing the sample to an excitation radiation and thereby generating an emission radiation;

means for synchronously scanning the wavelength of the excitation radiation and the wavelength of the emission radiation to produce a spectrum; and

means for correlating the spectrum to an infectious agent in the sample.

20. An apparatus according to claim 19, wherein the exposing means comprises a laser outputting a beam and the synchronous scanning means includes a multiple dye module having a plurality of dyes, each capable of changing the wavelength of the laser beam within a specified range.

21. An apparatus according to claim 19, wherein the exposing means comprises a laser outputting a beam and the synchronous scanning means includes means for maintaining a constant interval between the wavelength of the excitation radiation and the emission radiation during synchronous scanning.

22. An apparatus according to claim 19, wherein the exposing means comprises a laser source outputting a beam, and the scanning means comprises means for directing the output beam of the laser source through a dye module having a plurality of dyes, and means for changing the dyes to achieve a range of excitation wavelengths.

23. An apparatus according to claim 19, wherein the exposing means comprises a light source and the scanning means includes a first acousto-optic tunable filter having a variable input radio frequency selected to achieve a range of excitation wavelengths.

24. An apparatus according to claim 23, wherein the synchronous scanning means further comprises a second acousto-optic tunable filter having a variable input radio frequency selected to achieve a range of emission wavelengths.

25. An apparatus according to claim 19, wherein the exposing means comprises a light source and the scanning means comprises a first liquid crystal tunable filter having an adjustable retarding element selected to achieve a range of excitation wavelengths.

26. The apparatus according to claim 25, wherein the synchronous scanning means further comprises a second liquid crystal tunable filter having an adjustable retarding element selected to achieve a range of emission wavelengths.

27. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein said infectious agent is an infectious pathogen.

28. A method of imaging a sample comprising the steps of:

exposing the sample to an excitation radiation and thereby generating an emission radiation;

synchronously scanning the wavelength of the excitation radiation and the wavelength of the emission radiation to produce an imaged spectrum; and

correlating the imaged spectrum to an infectious agent in the sample.

29. The method according to claim 28, wherein the sample is a tissue sample.

30. The method according to claim 29, further comprising the step of directing an output of a laser light source into a probe disposed in vivo next to the tissue sample.

31. The method according to claim 29, further comprising the step of:

correlating the imaged spectrum to a condition of the tissue sample.

32. The method according to claim 28, wherein the exposing step comprises directing an output beam from a laser light source to the sample through at least one optical fiber.

33. The method according to claim 28, wherein the synchronously scanning step comprises maintaining a constant interval between the wavelength of the excitation radiation and the emission radiation during the synchronous scanning.

34. The method according to claim 28, wherein the scanning step further comprises directing an output beam of a laser source through a dye module having a plurality of dyes, and changing the dyes to achieve a range of excitation wavelengths.

35. The method according to claim 28, wherein the scanning step further comprises directing an output beam of a laser source through a dye container, and selectively moving a plurality of dyes into the dye container to achieve a range of excitation wavelengths.

36. The method according to claim 28, wherein the synchronous scanning step comprises directing the excitation radiation into a first acousto-optic tunable filter, and changing an input radio frequency of the first filter to achieve a range of excitation wavelengths.

37. The method according to claim 36, wherein the synchronous scanning step further comprises directing the emission radiation into a second acousto-optic tunable filter, and changing an input radio frequency of the second filter to achieve a range of emission wavelengths.

38. The method according to claim 36, wherein the synchronous scanning step further comprises directing the emission radiation into the first filter at an angle relative to the excitation radiation.

39. The method according to claim 36, wherein the synchronous scanning step further comprises directing the emission radiation into the first filter, alternately providing two radio frequency signals to the first filter to alternately pass the excitation and emission radiations through the first filter, and alternately detecting the emission radiation when the first filter is not transmitting the excitation radiation.

40. The method according to claim 28, wherein the synchronous scanning step comprises directing the excitation radiation into a first liquid crystal tunable filter, and adjusting a retarding element of the first filter to achieve a range of excitation wavelengths.

41. The method according to claim 28, wherein the synchronous scanning step further comprises directing the emission radiation into a second liquid crystal tunable filter, and adjusting a retarding element of the second filter to achieve a range of emission wavelengths.

42. The method of claim 28, comprising the step of correlating the imaged spectrum to an infectious pathogen.

43. An apparatus for imaging a sample comprising:

means for exposing the sample to an excitation radiation and thereby generating an emission radiation; and

means for synchronously scanning the wavelength of the excitation radiation and the wavelength of the emission radiation to produce an imaged spectrum; and

correlating the imaged spectrum to an infectious agent in the sample.

44. The apparatus according to claim 43, wherein the sample is a tissue sample.

45. The apparatus according to claim 44, further comprising means for:

correlating the imaged spectrum to a condition of the tissue sample.

46. The apparatus according to claim 44, further comprising means for:

correlating the imaged spectrum to a biological pathogen in the tissue sample.

47. The apparatus according to claim 44, further comprising a probe positionable in vivo next to the tissue sample, an output of a laser light source being directable into the tissue sample through the probe.

48. An apparatus according to claim 43, wherein the exposing means comprises a light source and the scanning means includes a first acousto-optic tunable filter having a variable input radio frequency selected to achieve a range of excitation wavelengths.

49. An apparatus according to claim 48, wherein the synchronous scanning means further comprises a second acousto-optic tunable filter having a variable input radio frequency selected to achieve a range of emission wavelengths.

50. An apparatus according to claim 43, wherein the exposing means comprises a light source and the scanning means comprises a first liquid crystal tunable filter having an adjustable retarding element selected to achieve a range of excitation wavelengths.

51. The method according to claim 50, wherein the synchronous scanning means further comprises a second liquid crystal tunable filter having an adjustable retarding element selected to achieve a range of emission wavelengths.

52. The apparatus of claim 43, wherein said infectious agent is an infectious pathogen.