Microelectrodes and their use in an electrochemical arrangement with telemetric application
First Claim
1. A microelectrode for inserting in vivo, in vitro or in situ into a warm-blooded or cold blooded animal brain or body, or extra-corporeally and measuring intracellular and/or extracellular concentration and/or release and/or reuptake of one or more biogenic chemicals while measuring said chemical in situ, or in vivo or in vitro and said microelectrode comprises a mixture of graphite, oil and at least on compound selected from the group consisting of palmitoleic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, arachidonic acid, elaidic acid, and transhexadecenoic acid and salts thereof and in which the graphite, oil and compound are present in a ratio of graphite, weight in grams, oil volume in cubic centimeters, compound, weight in grams, of 0.15 to 7.5:
- 0.1 to 5.0;
0.01 to 0.5 and said oil has a specific gravity from 0.5 to 2, and the diameter of said micro-electrode ranges from 0.001 um to about 10 mm.
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Abstract
This invention relates to a microelectrode comprising graphite, oil and, additionally, a compound selected from the group of lipids, glycolipids, lipoproteins, fatty acids, fatty acid derivatives, a water insoluble species and perfluorosulfonated compounds and salts thereof. This invention also relates to a method for using the microelectrode, a device that may be employed with the microelectrode, a method for making the microelectrode, and a method for using the device with the microelectrode.
41 Citations
27 Claims
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1. A microelectrode for inserting in vivo, in vitro or in situ into a warm-blooded or cold blooded animal brain or body, or extra-corporeally and measuring intracellular and/or extracellular concentration and/or release and/or reuptake of one or more biogenic chemicals while measuring said chemical in situ, or in vivo or in vitro and said microelectrode comprises a mixture of graphite, oil and at least on compound selected from the group consisting of palmitoleic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, arachidonic acid, elaidic acid, and transhexadecenoic acid and salts thereof and in which the graphite, oil and compound are present in a ratio of graphite, weight in grams, oil volume in cubic centimeters, compound, weight in grams, of 0.15 to 7.5:
- 0.1 to 5.0;
0.01 to 0.5 and said oil has a specific gravity from 0.5 to 2, and the diameter of said micro-electrode ranges from 0.001 um to about 10 mm. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8)
- 0.1 to 5.0;
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9. A microelectrode for inserting in vivo, in vitro or in situ into a warm-blooded or cold-blooded animal brain or body and measuring intracellular and/or extracellular concentrations and/or release and/or reuptake of one or more biogenic chemicals while measuring said chemicals in situ, or in vivo or in vitro and said microelectrode comprising a mixture of graphite, oil and at least one compound selented from the group consisting of acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, pentanoic acid, caproic acid, caprylic acid, capric acid, tridecanoic acid, pentadecanoic acid, hectadecanoic acid, nonadecanoic acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, arachidic acid, lignoceric acid, lignoceric acid, cerebronic acid, lactobacillic acid and salts thereof, the graphite, oil and compound being in a ratio of graphite, weight in grams, oil, volume in cubic centimeters, compound, weight in grams, of 0.15 to 7.5:
- 0.1 to 5.0;
0.01 to 0.5, respectively, said oil having a specific gravity from 0.5 to 2, and the diameter of said microelectrode ranges from about 0.001 μ
m to about 10 mm. - View Dependent Claims (10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16)
- 0.1 to 5.0;
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17. A microelectrode for inserting in vivo, in vitro or in situ and measuring intracellular and/or extracellular concentrations and/or reuptake of one or more biogenic chemicals while measuring said chemicals in situ or in vivo or in vitro and said microelectrode comprising a mixture of graphite, oil and stearic acid, said graphite, said oil and said stearic acid being present in said microelectrode in a ratio of graphite, weight in grams, oil, volume in cubic centimeters, stearic acid, weight in grams, of 1.0 to 1.5:
- 1.19 to 5.0;
0.01 to 0.5, respectively, and in which the oil has a specific gravity from 0.5 to 2, and the diameter of said microelectrode ranges from about 2 μ
to about 1 mm. - View Dependent Claims (18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23)
- 1.19 to 5.0;
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24. A device capable of analyzing the concentration of one or more biogenic chemicals in vivo, in vitro, in situ or extra-corporeally comprising:
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an auxiliary microelectrode for placing in contact with an outer layer of an in vivo organ, in vivo sub-organ, in situ specimen or in vitro specimen to be analyzed; a reference microelectrode for placing in contact with the outer layer of said organ, said sub-organ, in situ specimen or in vitro specimen to be analyzed; an indicator microelectrode comprising, a mixture of graphite, oil and at least one compound selected from the group consisting of acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, pentanoic acid, caproic acid, caprylic acid, tridecanoic acid, pentadecanoic acid, hectadecanoic acid, nonadecanoic acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, arachidic acid, lignoceric acid, cerebronic acid, lactobacillic acid, and salts thereof, for inserting into said organ, or said sub-organ'"'"'s interior, said graphite, said oil and said compound being present in said microelectrode in a ratio of graphite, weight in grams, oil, volume in cubic centimeters, and compound, weight in grams of 0.15 to 7.5;
0.1 to 5.0;
0.01 to 0.5, respectively, and said microelectrode having a diameter ranging from about 0.001 μ
to about 10 mm; andmeans for electrochemically measuring by a technique selected from the group consisting of square wave measuring, amperometric measuring, semidifferential voltammetric measuring, linear scanning measuring, differential pulse measuring, chronoamperometric measuring and double differential pulse measuring, wherein said auxiliary microelectrode, said reference microelectrode, and said indicator microelectrode are functionally connected to said means for measuring.
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25. A method for making a microelectrode for measuring in vivo, in vitro or in situ electrochemical measurements on a warm-blooded or cold-blooded animal brain or body, or extra-corporeally and measuring intracellular and/or extracellular concentrations and/or release and/or reuptake of one or more biogenic chemicals comprising the steps of:
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providing a hollow shell for said microelectrode; mixing graphite, oil and at least one additional compound selected from the group consisting of fatty acids and salts thereof selected from the group consisting of palmitoleic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, arachidonic acid, elaidic acid and transhexadecenoic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, pentanoic acid, caproic acid, caprylic acid, capric acid, tridecanoic acid, pentadecanoic acid, hectadecanoic acid, tuberculostearic acid, nonadecanoic acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, arachidic acid, lignoceric acid, cerebronic acid, lactobacillic acid and in which said graphite, said oil and said at least one compound being present in said microelectrodes in a weight ratio of 0.15 to 7.5;
0.1 to 5.0;
0.01 to 0.5, respectively, and forming a mixture, inserting said mixture into said hollow shell and forming said microelectrode. - View Dependent Claims (26, 27)
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Specification