Light weight-camera head and-camera assemblies containing it

• US 5,939,724 A
• Filed: 12/18/1996
• Issued: 08/17/1999
• Est. Priority Date: 06/02/1993
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: The State of Israel Atomic Energy Commission Soreq Nuclear Research/Center
• Original Assignee: State of Israel Atomic Energy Commission Soreg Nuclear Research Center
• Inventors: Keinan, Giora, Eisen, Yosef, Gilat, Chaim
• Primary Examiner(s): Hannaher, Constantine
• Application Number:
  US08/768,840
• Time in Patent Office: 972 Days
• Field of Search: 250/370.09, 250/363.1
• US Class Current: 250/370.09
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 6/037 Emission tomography
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 6/4258 for detecting non x-ray radiation, e.g. gamma radiation A61B6/037 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G01T 1/161 Applications in the field of nuclear medicine, e.g. in vivo counting apparatus for radiation diagnosis A61B6/00
• CPC Class Codes: G01T 1/1642 using a scintillation crystal and position sensing photodetector arrays, e.g. ANGER cameras
• CPC Class Codes: G01T 1/1648 Ancillary equipment for scintillation cameras, e.g. reference markers, devices for removing motion artifacts, calibration devices adapted for flow studies G01T1/1647
• CPC Class Codes: G01T 1/2985 In depth localisation, e.g. using positron emitters; Tomographic imaging (longitudinal and transverse section imaging; apparatus for radiation diagnosis sequentially in different planes, steroscopic radiation diagnosis); using external radiation sources A61B6/02

Abstract

A light weight gamma-camera head and assemblies and kits which embody it. The gamma-camera head has a detector assembly which includes an array of room temperature, solid state spectroscopy grade detectors each associated with a collimator and preamplifier, which detectors and associated collimators and preamplifiers are arranged in parallel rows extending in a first direction and suitably spaced from each other in a second direction normal to the first direction, each of the parallel detector rows holding a plurality of detectors. The head may optionally have an electric motor for moving the detector in the second direction and optionally also in the first direction, either stepwise or continuously.

Claims

1. A gamma-camera head having a detector assembly for the detection of X-rays and gamma-radiation, in which said detector assembly comprises

an array of room temperature, solid state spectroscopy grade detectors capable of converting impinging X-rays and gamma radiation directly into electric signals which can be processed into an image, each of said spectroscopy grade detectors being associated with at least one collimator and with charge sensitive preamplifier means being a member selected from the group of preamplifiers, hybrid preamplifier/amplifier devices and application specific integrated circuits, which detectors and associated at least one collimator and preamplifier means are arranged in parallel rows extending in a first direction and suitably spaced from each other in a second direction normal to said first direction, each of said parallel rows holding a plurality of said room temperature spectroscopy grade solid state detectors;

whereby data acquired by said detector assembly is directly converted into an image.

2. A gamma-camera head according to claim 1, comprising parallel detector assemblies each including at least two juxtaposed detector rows.

3. A gamma-camera head according to claim 1, wherein the detectors and associated collimators and preamplification means are arranged in assemblies each comprising at least two juxtaposed and staggered detector rows and a plurality of such assemblies are arranged in parallel rows extending in the first direction and suitably spaced from each other in the second direction.

4. A gamma-camera head according to claim 1, wherein said room temperature, solid state spectroscopy grade detectors are arranged in groups of monolithic detectors having each a plurality of pad detector elements to form a two-dimensional array covering the complete field of view of the camera head.

5. A gamma-camera head according to claim 1, comprising electric motor means capable of moving said detector assembly in a stepwise fashion.

6. A gamma-camera head according to claim 5, wherein said electric motor means are capable of moving said detector assembly in a continuous fashion.

7. A gamma-camera head according to claim 6, wherein said motor means are capable of moving said detector assembly also in said first direction in a controlled fashion.

8. A gamma-camera head according to claim 7, comprising two separate electric motor means for moving the detector assembly in said first and second directions.

9. A gamma-camera head according to claim 7, comprising one single electric motor means for moving the detector assembly in said first and second directions.

10. A gamma-camera head according to claim 5, wherein said motor means are capable of moving said detector assembly also in said first direction in a controlled fashion.

11. A gamma-camera head according to claim 10, comprising two separate electric motor means for moving the detector assembly in said first and second directions.

12. A gamma-camera head according to claim 10, comprising one single electric motor means for moving the detector assembly in said first and second directions.

13. A gamma-camera head according to claim 1, wherein each of said room temperature, solid state spectroscopy grade detectors is a high atomic number room temperature spectroscopy grade detectors.

14. A gamma-camera head according to claim 13, wherein each of said room temperature, solid state spectroscopy grade detector is a member selected from the group consisting of CdTe, CdZnTe, PbI₂ and HgI₂.

15. A gamma-camera head according to claim 1, having a monolithic detector array and built-in densely packed analog amplifiers and multiplexing logic electronics.

16. A gamma-camera assembly comprising a γ

-camera head according to claim 1 in association with at least one work station with a hardware/software combination that includes electronics, a man-machine interface module, a data acquisition module, an image reconstruction module and an image processing and display module.

17. A gamma-camera assembly according to claim 16, wherein the head is mounted on a long foldable arm, whereby a subject can be diagnosed from any desired direction.

18. A gamma-camera assembly according to claim 16, wherein the camera head is remote from at least one work station, comprising a remote station interface module.

19. A gamma-camera assembly according to claim 16, wherein the work station electronics include amplifier means for association with said preamplifier in the camera head.

20. A gamma-camera assembly according to claim 16, comprising means for time delay integration.

21. A gamma-camera assembly according to claim 16, being portable and comprising a lap-top computer, said camera head being portable.

22. A portable gamma-camera assembly according to claim 21, further comprising straps for attaching the camera head onto a diagnosed subject.

23. A portable gamma-camera assembly according to claim 21, comprising a foldable stand for holding the camera head in operation in close proximity to a diagnosed subject.

24. A light-weight gamma-camera head according to claim 1 for use in a planar γ

-camera.

25. A light-weight gamma-camera head according to claim 1 for use in a single photon emission computerized tomography system (SPECT).

26. A gamma-camera head according, to claim 1, wherein a collimator associated with each detector is exchangeable.

27. A gamma-camera according to claim 1 wherein each of said at least one collimator holds a plurality of parallel channels.

28. A gamma-camera head according to claim 1, wherein each of said parallel rows of detectors comprises a plurality of monolithic detector arrays each holding a plurality of pad detection elements.

29. A gamma-camera head according to claim 28, wherein several detector arrays form together a detector unit.

30. A gamma-camera head according to claim 28, wherein each of said room temperature, solid state spectroscopy grade detectors holds four monolithic detector arrays.

31. A gamma-camera head having a detector assembly for the detection of x-rays and gamma-radiation, in which said detector assembly comprises

an array of room temperature, solid state spectroscopy grade detectors capable of converting impinging X-rays and gamma radiation directly into electric signals which can be processed into an image, each of said spectroscopy grade detectors being associated with at least one collimator and with charge sensitive preamplifier means being a member selected from the group of preamplifiers, hybrid preamplifier/amplifier devices and application specific integrated circuits, which detectors and associated at least one collimator and preamplifier means are arranged in parallel rows extending in a first direction and suitably spaced from each other in a second direction normal to said first direction and forming a two-dimensional array covering the complete field of view of the camera head;

whereby data acquired by said detector assembly is directly converted into an image.

32. A gamma-camera head having a detector assembly for the detection of X-rays and gamma-radiation, comprising a plurality of room temperature solid state spectroscopic grade detectors capable of converting impinging X-rays and gamma radiation directly into electric signals which can be processed into an image, each of said spectroscopy grade detectors being associated with collimator means.

33. A gamma-camera head according to claim 32, wherein said plurality of room temperature solid state spectroscopic grade detectors are densely packed and form a two-dimensional array covering the complete field of view of the camera head.