Automotive on-board monitoring system for catalytic converter evaluation
First Claim
1. An on-board vehicular catalytic converter monitoring system for determining failure of a vehicle to meet emission regulatory standards comprising:
- a) an emission sensor downstream of the catalytic converter generating emission signals during vehicle operation indicative of the gaseous pollutants produced by said vehicle'"'"'s internal combustion engine;
b) at least one operative sensor on the vehicle generating operating signals indicative of an operating condition experienced by said vehicle during its operation; and
c) computer means with memory for simultaneously processing said emission signals and said operating signals to determine when and if said emission signals have exceeded regulatory standards, said computer means including;
i) matching means for matching each emission signal with an operating signal;
ii) storing means for storing each emission signal in memory to build a plurality of histograms of emission signals, each histogram correlated to a range of values of an operating condition sensed by said operative sensor such that any given emission signal is stored in a given histogram corresponding to the range of values of said operating signal matched to said given emission signal;
iii) sampling means activated when a set number of emission signals have been stored in said histograms for factoring said emission signals in each histogram to determine a factored emission state of said vehicle at given vehicle operating conditions indicative of the actual pollutants emitted by said vehicle;
iv) comparing means for comparing only said factored emission state to a stored threshold emission level corresponding to a regulatory emission standard for a given vehicle operating condition; and
d) fault indicating means in said vehicle activated to alert the vehicle operator of an emission failure when said comparing means has sensed a factored emission state exceeding said threshold level for said operating condition for a preset number of histograms.
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Abstract
This invention pertains to a vehicular on-board diagnostic emission system in which the system determines whether the vehicle is continuously in compliance with regulatory emission standards by sensing only hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide emissions at a position downstream from the three way catalytic converter. All emission data sensed is correlated to a basic vehicle function, such as speed, and sorted into a number of histograms corresponding to vehicle operating conditions specified by emission regulations. The histograms are sampled in a statistically validated manner to determine if the vehicle complies with emission standards. If a failure has occurred, further histogram diagnostic routines are sequentially implemented to determine which emission system of the vehicle has failed.
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Citations
26 Claims
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1. An on-board vehicular catalytic converter monitoring system for determining failure of a vehicle to meet emission regulatory standards comprising:
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a) an emission sensor downstream of the catalytic converter generating emission signals during vehicle operation indicative of the gaseous pollutants produced by said vehicle'"'"'s internal combustion engine; b) at least one operative sensor on the vehicle generating operating signals indicative of an operating condition experienced by said vehicle during its operation; and c) computer means with memory for simultaneously processing said emission signals and said operating signals to determine when and if said emission signals have exceeded regulatory standards, said computer means including; i) matching means for matching each emission signal with an operating signal; ii) storing means for storing each emission signal in memory to build a plurality of histograms of emission signals, each histogram correlated to a range of values of an operating condition sensed by said operative sensor such that any given emission signal is stored in a given histogram corresponding to the range of values of said operating signal matched to said given emission signal; iii) sampling means activated when a set number of emission signals have been stored in said histograms for factoring said emission signals in each histogram to determine a factored emission state of said vehicle at given vehicle operating conditions indicative of the actual pollutants emitted by said vehicle; iv) comparing means for comparing only said factored emission state to a stored threshold emission level corresponding to a regulatory emission standard for a given vehicle operating condition; and d) fault indicating means in said vehicle activated to alert the vehicle operator of an emission failure when said comparing means has sensed a factored emission state exceeding said threshold level for said operating condition for a preset number of histograms. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13)
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14. A method for on-board monitoring of the gaseous pollutant emissions produced by a computer controlled internal combustion engine of a vehicle, said method comprising the steps of:
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a) producing emission signals only from an emission sensor downstream of the vehicle'"'"'s catalytic converter; b) producing at least a first vehicle operative condition signal used by said computer to control the operation of said vehicle'"'"'s internal combustion engine; c) matching and storing simultaneously generated operative condition signals and emission signals in a plurality of histograms under the control of said computer, each histogram corresponding to a range of values sensed by said operative condition sensor and each emission signal stored in a histogram corresponding to a specific range of operative condition signals determined by the value of said operative condition signal sensed when said emission signal was generated; d) sampling each histogram once a set number of emission signals have been stored therein by factoring said emission signals in each histogram to determine a statistically validated emission level for each range of sensed operative conditions; e) comparing each validated emission level with a regulatory threshold emission value corresponding to said operative condition range; and f) activating a fault detecting alarm in the vehicle when a set number of validated emission levels exceed their corresponding threshold emission level. - View Dependent Claims (15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20)
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21. An on-board vehicular catalytic converter monitoring system for determining failure of a vehicle to meet emission regulatory standards comprising:
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a) a hydrocarbon sensor downstream of the catalytic converter generating emission signals during vehicle operation indicative of the gaseous pollutants produced by said vehicle'"'"'s internal combustion engine; b) a speed sensor on the vehicle generating operating speed signals indicative of the speed of said vehicle during its operation; and c) computer means with memory for simultaneously processing said emission signals and said speed signals to determine when and if said emission signals have exceeded regulatory standards, said computer means including; i) matching means for matching each emission signal with a simultaneously generated speed signal; ii) storing means for storing each emission signal in memory to build a plurality of histograms of emission signals, each histogram correlated to a range of speed values such that any given emission signal is stored in a given histogram corresponding to a speed range determined by said speed signal simultaneously generated and matched with any given emission signal; iii) sampling means activated when a set number of emission signals have been stored in said histograms for factoring said emission signals in each histogram to determine a factored emission state of said vehicle at given vehicle speeds indicative of the actual pollutants emitted by said vehicle; iv) comparing means for comparing only said factored emission state to a stored threshold emission level corresponding to a regulatory emission standard for any given vehicle speed; and d) fault indicating means in said vehicle activated to alert the vehicle operator of an emission failure when said comparing means has sensed a factored emission state exceeding said threshold level for a preset number of histograms. - View Dependent Claims (22, 23, 24, 25, 26)
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Specification