Method and apparatus for reading bar codes

• US 5,942,740 A
• Filed: 06/12/1997
• Issued: 08/24/1999
• Est. Priority Date: 10/28/1996
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Fujitsu Limited
• Original Assignee: Fujitsu Limited
• Inventors: Watanabe, Mitsuo, Kawai, Hiroaki, Iwaguchi, Isao, Satoh, Shinichi, Itoh, Motohiko
• Primary Examiner(s): Hajec, Donald
• Assistant Examiner(s): Lee, Diane I.
• Application Number:
  US08/873,719
• Time in Patent Office: 803 Days
• Field of Search: 235/462.12, 235/462.01, 235/462.07, 235/462.16, 235/462.18, 235/494
• US Class Current: 235/462.07
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 7/14 using light without selection of wavelength, e.g. sensing reflected white light G06K7/10831 - G06K7/1097 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 7/1486 Setting the threshold-width for bar codes to be decoded

Abstract

A method and an apparatus for reading a bar code are in which a plurality of types of bar codes which may coexist can be demodulated with higher accuracy and higher speed. A bar code data detector 31 extracts the features of a guard bar and a center bar. This information is searched for by a search section 39a and the features and the bar code types read are identified. The bar code data are demodulated in a bar code demodulator 32 by a method corresponding to the result of identification of the features and the bar code types.

Claims

1. A method for reading a bar code having at least one code block of bars and spaces between the bars having respective widths and representing a plurality of characters and partitions of respective, different types flanked beside the block, comprising:

scanning a surface of the bar code with different scan lines;

measuring the widths of the bars and the widths of the spaces between the bars in each scan line;

storing a plurality of rows of data in a storage unit, each row of data having a plurality of bar width and space width data obtained by scanning the bar code with each scan line;

extracting partition indicative data, each having a series of bar width and space width data and each corresponding to a partition and an adjacent character to the partition in the bar code, from the row of data stored in the storage unit;

appending a first flag to the partition indicative data, which represents a scanning sequence indicating which is scanned first, from among the partition and the adjacent character;

appending a second flag to the partitioning indicative data, which determines the type of the partition;

determining whether the partition is a first type or a second type based on the bar configuration of the partition; and

determining the type and the direction of each scan line scanned when obtaining each partition indicative data based on respective states of the first flag and the second flag and thus the determined type of the partition.

2. The method claimed in claim 1, wherein whether the partition is the first type or the second type is determined based on whether or not a character adjacent to the partition exists after the partition is scanned.

3. The method claimed in claim 2, wherein the type of a bar code is determined based on an existence of a margin having a predetermined length on one side of the partition in the bar code when the bar code, the type of which is to be determined, has a predetermined bar configuration in at least one part of the partition.

4. The method claimed in claim 3, comprising:

a first step checking whether or not a length of a first character adjacent to the partition in a forward scanning direction in each scan line is within the predetermined length from each row of data after the partition indicative data is extracted, the row of data being obtained by scanning the bar code with each scan line and producing a corresponding checking result;

a second step determining that the first character is true if the checking result in the first step is affirmative;

a third step calculating lengths of a plurality of successive characters adjacent to the first character in the forward scanning direction in each scan line;

a fourth step executing an adjacent character length check between a plurality of successive characters adjacent to the partition in the forward scanning direction in each scan line in which the adjacent character length check compares the length of a first character determined as true and the length of a second character adjacent to the first character and determines the second character as true if the difference between the lengths is within the determined length;

a fifth step executing the first step to the fourth step for a plurality of successive characters adjacent to the partition in a backward scanning direction in each scan line;

a sixth step counting a number of the successive characters which are determined as true as a result of the execution of the above steps in each block in each scan line; and

a seventh step determining if each row of data is a first type bar code having characters on one side of the partition or a second type bar code having characters on both sides of the partition based on the number counted in the sixth step.

5. The method claimed in claim 4, wherein partially scanned data obtained by scanning along separate scan lines that pass through a partition and a part of a block adjacent to the partition in the bar code are extracted from a plurality of row of data based on the number of characters counted in each block.

6. The method claimed in claim 2, wherein when different flags representing the scanning sequences are set in a bar width data or a space width data, which flag is true may be determined by checking lengths of two successive characters adjacent to the partition to be scanned after the partition is scanned in the bar code.

7. The method claimed in claim 1, wherein the first flag is set in a buffer that stores bar width data or space width data in the partition indicative data corresponding to a bar or a space appearing in a predetermined order in the bar code in accordance with the scanning sequence.

8. The method claimed in claim 7, wherein it is determined that the partition indicative data includes data for a first type of partition if a first delta distance thereof, that is a sum of respective widths of a first bar and a first space adjacent to the first bar in the partition, is substantially the same as a second delta distance thereof, that is a sum of respective widths of the first space and a second bar adjacent to the first space in the partition, and successive delta distances are also substantially the same up to a predetermined time repeatedly, while it is determined that the partition indicative data includes data for a second type of partition if delta distances thereof are substantially the same up another predetermined time repeatedly, when data for the first type of partition or the second type of partition is included in the partition indicative data.

9. The method claimed in claim 8, wherein when different flags representing the scanning sequences are set in a bar width data or a space width data, which flag is true may be determined by checking lengths of two successive characters adjacent to the partition to be scanned after the partition is scanned in the bar code.

10. The method claimed in claim 7, wherein it is determined that the partition indicative data includes data for a first type of partition if a first delta distance thereof, that is a sum of respective widths of a first bar and a first space adjacent to the first bar in the partition, is substantially the same as a second delta distance thereof, that is a sum of respective widths of the first space and a second bar adjacent to the first space in the partition, and successive delta distances are also substantially the same up to a predetermined time repeatedly, while it is determined that the partition indicative data includes data for a second type of partition if the delta distances thereof are substantially the same up to another predetermined time repeatedly, when two kinds of first flags are set in a partition indicative data.

11. The method claimed in claim 10, wherein when different flags representing the scanning sequences are set in a bar width data or a space width data, which flag is true may be determined by checking lengths of two successive characters adjacent to the partition to be scanned after the partition is scanned in the bar code.

12. The method claimed in claim 7, wherein when different flags representing the scanning sequences are set in a bar width data or a space width data, which flag is true may be determined by checking lengths of two successive characters adjacent to the partition to be scanned after the partition is scanned in the bar code.

13. The method claimed in claim 1, wherein when different flags representing the scanning sequences are set in a bar width data or a space width data, which flag is true may be determined by checking lengths of two successive characters adjacent to the partition to be scanned after the partition is scanned in the bar code.

14. A method for reading a bar code having a least one code block of bars and spaces between the bars having respective widths and representing a plurality of characters and partitions of respective, different types flanked beside the block, comprising:

scanning a surface of the bar code with different scan lines;

reading a plurality of different scan data obtained by scanning along the different scan lines;

storing the plurality of different scan data in a storage unit;

extracting partially scanned data obtained by scanning along separate scan lines that pass through a partition and a part of a block adjacent to the partition in the bar code from the plurality of scan data stored in the storage unit;

reproducing a plurality of partially decoded data form the partially scanned data;

extracting a pair of decoded data from the partially decoded data, each thereof having a number of character digits overlapped with each other and having different respective partitions;

calculating the number of character digits overlapped with between the pair of extracted decoded data; and

reading the bar code by synthesizing the pair of decoded data when the calculated number is equal to or more than a determined value in response to a type of the bar code.

15. The method claimed in claim 14, comprising the steps of:

determining whether the calculated number of the data representing the same character which exists in each of the pair of decoded data is equal to or more than the determined value; and

reading the bar code by synthesizing the pair of decoded data when the above determining result is affirmative.

16. The method claimed in claim 15, wherein the determined value is set depending on the type of the bar code.

19. The apparatus claimed in claim 14, comprising a third partition determining unit determining the type of a bar code based on an existence of a margin having a predetermined length on one side of the partition of the bar code when the bar codes, the type of which is to be determined, has a predetermined bar configuration in at least one part of the partition.

20. The apparatus claimed in claim 19, comprising:

a character number counting unit respectively counting the number of successive characters determined as true characters in each block in each scanning line, each of the characters being determined as a true character if a length of the character is within the predetermined length, based on each row of data that is obtained by scanning the bar code with each scan line, the characters being adjacent to the partition in both forward and backward scanning directions in each scanning line, after the partition indicative data is extracted from the row of data; and

a bar code type determining unit determining whether or not each row of data includes a first type bar code having characters on one side of the partition or a second type bar code having characters on both side of the partition based on the number counted by the counting unit.

21. The apparatus claimed in claim 20, wherein partially scanned data, obtained by scanning along separate scan lines that pass through a partition and a part of a block adjacent to the partition in the bar code are extracted from a plurality of the row of data based on the number counted by the counting unit.

17. An apparatus for reading a bar code having at least one code block of bars and spaces between the bars having respective widths and representing a plurality of characters and partitions of respective, different types flanked beside the block, comprising:

an optical source producing a light illuminating the bar code;

a scanning mechanism applying the light from the optical source to a surface of the bar code along a plurality of scanning lines;

an optical receiver receiving the light reflected from the surface of the bar code illuminated by the light applied thereto and producing a corresponding output;

a counter measuring bar widths and space widths alternatively appearing in each scan line in response to the output of the optical receiver;

a storage unit storing each row of data having a plurality of bar width and space width data obtained from the bar width counter by scanning the bar code each time with each scan line;

an extracting unit extracting partition indicative data each having a series of bar width and space width data from each stored row of data corresponding to a partition and an adjacent character to the partition in the bar code;

a flag appending unit appending a first flag to the partition indicative data which represents a scanning sequence indicating which is scanned first from among the partition and the adjacent character, and for appending a second flag to the partition indicative data which determines the type of the partition; and

a scanning line type determining unit determining the type and direction of each scan line scanned when obtaining each partition indicative data based on respective states of the first flag and the second flag and the determined first type or second type of the partition, based on the bar configuration of the partition.

18. The apparatus claimed in claim 17, comprising a first partition determining unit determining whether the partition is the first type or the second type based on whether or not a character adjacent to the partition exists after the partition is scanned.

22. The apparatus claimed in claim 18, wherein when different flags representing types of scan lines are set in a bar width data or a space width data, which flag is true may be determined by checking lengths of two successive characters adjacent to the partition to be scanned after the partition is scanned in the bar code.

23. The apparatus claimed in claim 17, wherein the first flag is set in a buffer that stores bar width data or space width data in the partition indicative data corresponding to a bar or a spaces, respectively, appearing in a predetermined order in the bar code in accordance with the scanning sequence.

24. The apparatus claimed in claim 23, comprising a second partition, determining unit determining that the partition indicative data includes data for a first type partition if a first delta distance thereof, that is a sum of respective widths of a first bar and a first space adjacent to the first bar in the partition, is substantially the same as a second delta distance thereof, that is a sum of respective widths of the first space and a second bar adjacent to the first space in the partition and successive delta distances are also substantially the same up to a predetermined time repeatedly, while determining that the partition indicative data includes data for a second type partition if the delta distances thereof are substantially the same up to another predetermined time repeatedly, when data for the first type of partition or the second type of partition is included in the partition indicative data.

25. The apparatus claimed in claim 24, wherein when different flags representing types of scan lines are set in a bar width data or a space width data, which flag is true may be determined by checking lengths of two successive characters adjacent to the partition to be scanned after the partition is scanned in the bar code.

26. The apparatus claimed in claim 23, comprising a second partition determining unit determining that the partition indicative data includes data for a first type partition if a first delta distance thereof, that is a sum of respective widths of a first bar and a first space adjacent to the first bar in the partition, is substantially the same as a second delta distance thereof, that is a sum of respective widths of the first space and a second bar adjacent to the first space in the partition, and successive delta distances are also substantially the same up to a predetermined time repeatedly, while determining that the partition indicative data includes data for a second type partition if the delta distances thereof are substantially the same up to another predetermined time repeatedly, when two kinds of first flags are set in a partition indicative data.

27. The apparatus claimed in claim 26, wherein when different flags representing types of scan lines are set in a bar width data or a space width data, which flag is-true may be determined by checking lengths of two successive characters adjacent to the partition to be scanned after the partition is scanned in the bar code.

28. The apparatus claimed in claim 23, wherein when different flags representing types of scan lines-are set in a bar width data or a-space width data, which flag is true may be determined by checking lengths of two successive characters adjacent to the partition to be scanned after the partition is scanned in the bar code.

29. The apparatus claimed in claim 17, wherein when different flags representing types of scan lines are set in a bar width data or a space width data, which flag is true may be determined by checking lengths of two successive characters adjacent to the partition to be scanned after the partition is scanned in the bar code.

30. An apparatus for reading a bar code having at least one code block of bars and spaces between the bars having respective widths and representing a plurality of characters and partitions of respective, different types flanked beside the block, comprising:

a scanned data reader reading a plurality of scanned data obtained by scanning a surface of the bar code with different scanning lines;

a storage unit storing the plurality of scanned data;

a first extracting unit extracting partially scanned data, obtained by scanning along separate scanning lines that pass through a partition and a part of a block adjacent to the partition in the bar code, from the plurality of scanned data stored in the storage unit;

a reproducing unit reproducing a plurality of partially decoded data from the partially scanned data;

a second extracting unit extracting a pair of partially decoded data, each having a number of character digits mutually overlapped and having respective different partitions;

a calculator calculating the number of character digits overlapped between the pair of extracted partially decoded data; and

a synthesizing unit synthesizing the pair of decoded data when the calculated number of overlapped character digits is equal to or more than a determined value.

31. The apparatus claimed in claim 30, wherein the synthesizing unit determines whether the calculated number of the data representing the same character which exists in each of the pair of decoded data is equal to or more than the determined value and reads the bar code after synthesizing the pair of decoded data when the above determining result is affirmative.

32. The apparatus claimed in claim 31, wherein the determined value is set depending on a type of the bar code.