Head mounted displays utilizing reflection light valves

• US 5,943,171 A
• Filed: 06/03/1998
• Issued: 08/24/1999
• Est. Priority Date: 06/03/1998
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Google LLC (Alphabet Inc.)
• Original Assignee: International Business Machines Corporation
• Inventors: Budd, Russell Alan, Dove, Derek Brian
• Primary Examiner(s): Epps, Georgia
• Assistant Examiner(s): MACK, RICKY LEVERN
• Application Number:
  US09/089,569
• Time in Patent Office: 447 Days
• Field of Search: 359/630, 359/631, 359/633, 345/7, 345/8
• US Class Current: 359/631
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 27/017 Head mounted
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 27/0172 characterised by optical features
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 5/30 Polarising elements light-modulating devices with active elements G02F1/00

Abstract

A head mounted display for entering an image into the eye of a viewer along a viewing axis. The head mounted display has a light source for supplying unpolarized light to an optical path. Also provided is a first polarizer disposed in the optical path for rotating the unpolarized light to that of a first polarization. A second polarizer is also disposed in the optical path for blocking light of the first polarization from reaching the eye. A reflective light valve is disposed in the optical path for rotating the light of the first polarization to an image of a second polarization. Also provided is a concave mirror disposed in the optical path for focusing and reflecting the image of the second polarization. Lastly, a directing means is provided for directing the light of the first polarization to the reflective light valve, for directing the image of the second polarization to the concave mirror, and for directing the focused and reflected image from the concave mirror towards the second polarizer. The second polarizer then transmits the focused and reflected image towards the eye of the viewer along the viewing axis.

Claims

1. A head mounted display for entering an image into the eye of a viewer along a viewing axis, the head mounted display comprising:

a light source for supplying unpolarized light to an optical path,

a first polarizer disposed in the optical path for rotating the unpolarized light to that of a first polarization,

a second polarizer disposed in the optical path for blocking light of the first polarization from reaching the eye,

a reflective light valve disposed in the optical path for rotating the light of the first polarization to an image of a second polarization,

a concave mirror disposed in the optical path for focusing and reflecting the image of the second polarization, and

a directing means for directing the light of the first polarization to the reflective light valve, for directing the image of the second polarization to the concave mirror, and for directing the focused and reflected image from the concave mirror towards the second polarizer, which transmits the focused and reflected image towards the eye of the viewer along the viewing axis.

2. The head mounted display of claim 1, wherein the directing means is a semi-transparent mirror oriented with respect to the light source, reflective light valve, concave mirror, and first and second polarizers such that the light of the first polarization passes through the semi-transparent mirror and is directed towards the reflective light valve, the image of the second polarization is reflected by the semi-transparent mirror and directed to the concave mirror, and the focused and reflected image from the concave mirror passes through the semi-transparent mirror and is directed towards the second polarizer and the eye along the viewing axis.

3. The head mounted display of claim 1, wherein the directing means comprises:

a polarization beam splitter for passing light of the first polarization and reflecting light of the second polarization, and

a quarter wave plate disposed in the optical path between the polarization beam splitter and the concave mirror, whereby the light of the first polarization passes through the polarization beam splitter and is directed towards the reflective light valve, the image of the second polarization is reflected by the polarization beam splitter and directed to the quarter wave plate which rotates the polarization of the image 90 degrees, and the focused and reflected image from the concave mirror passes through the quarter wave plate which rotates the focused and reflected image another 90 degrees such that it passes through the polarization beam splitter and is directed towards the second polarizer and the eye along the viewing axis.

4. The head mounted display of claim 1, wherein the concave mirror has a semi-transparent coating having a degree of transparency for viewing external objects concurrently with the image.

5. The head mounted display of claim 4, wherein the degree of transparency is within a range of 40% to 50%.

6. The head mounted display of claim 1, wherein the reflective light valve comprises an array of color filters such that the image is a color image.

7. The head mounted display of claim 1, wherein the light source is a field sequential light source having segments of different color filters, for sequentially providing light of different colors to the reflective light valve, such that the reflective light valve rotates component images of each different color, the combination of which produces a color image.

8. The head mounted display of claim 7, wherein the segments of different color filters comprise red, blue, and green filter segments.

9. The head mounted display of claim 7, wherein the field sequential light source is a flat fluorescent sequential light source.

10. The head mounted display of claim 7, wherein the field sequential light source is a flat LED sequential light source.

11. The head mounted display of claim 1, further comprising an adjustable color shutter disposed in the optical path between the light source and the first polarizer for allowing the image to be viewed in one of a predetermined number of colors.

12. The head mounted display of claim 11, wherein the predetermined number of colors include red, green, and blue.

13. The head mounted display of claim 11, wherein the adjustable color shutter is a ferro-electric color filter.

14. The head mounted display of claim 1, further comprising a focusing lens disposed in the optical path between the directing means and the eye for additional focusing of the image on the eye of the viewer.

15. A head mounted display for entering an image into the eye of a viewer while allowing external objects to be viewed concurrently with the image about a viewing axis, the head mounted display comprising:

a light source for supplying light of first and second polarizations to an optical path,

a reflective light valve disposed in the optical path for reflecting an image of a second polarization,

a concave mirror disposed in the optical path,

a directing means for directing light of the first polarization to the reflective light valve, and for directing the image of the second polarization to the concave mirror, and

a semi-transparent mirror having a degree of transparency and disposed between the directing means and the concave mirror at an intersection of the optical path and the viewing axis such that the image of the second polarization passes though the semi-transparent mirror, is focused and reflected by the concave mirror and directed back towards the semi-transparent mirror, the focused and reflected image then being reflected by the semi-transparent mirror towards the eye of the viewer along the viewing axis thereby allowing the viewing of the external objects concurrently with the image through the semi-transparent mirror.

16. The head mounted display of claim 15, wherein the directing means comprises a polarization beam splitter for reflecting light of the first polarization towards the reflective light valve and passing the image of the second polarization towards the curved mirror.

17. The head mounted display of claim 15, further comprising:

a first polarizer disposed in the optical path between the light source and the directing means for rotating the light of the light source to that of a first polarization, and

a second polarizer disposed in the optical path between the directing means and the concave mirror for blocking light of the first polarization from reaching the eye.

18. The head mounted display of claim 15, wherein the degree of transparency is within a range of 40% to 50%.

19. The head mounted display of claim 15, wherein the reflective light valve comprises an array of color filters such that the image is a color image.

20. The head mounted display of claim 15, wherein the light source is a field sequential light source having segments of different color filters, for sequentially providing light of different colors to the reflective light valve, such that the reflective light valve rotates component images of each different color, the combination of which produces a color image.

21. The head mounted display of claim 20, wherein the segments of different color filters comprise red, blue, and green filter segments.

22. The head mounted display of claim 20, wherein the field sequential light source is a flat fluorescent sequential light source.

23. The head mounted display of claim 20, wherein the field sequential light source is a flat LED sequential light source.

24. The head mounted display of claim 15, further comprising an adjustable color shutter disposed in the optical path between the light source and the directing means for allowing the image to be viewed in one of a predetermined number of colors.

25. The head mounted display of claim 24, wherein the predetermined number of colors include red, green, and blue.

26. The head mounted display of claim 24, wherein the adjustable color shutter is a ferro-electric color filter.