Echo device method for locating upstream ingress noise gaps at cable television head ends

• US 5,943,604 A
• Filed: 10/31/1997
• Issued: 08/24/1999
• Est. Priority Date: 10/31/1997
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Cisco Technology, Inc. (Cisco Systems, Inc.)
• Original Assignee: Cisco Technology, Inc. (Cisco Systems, Inc.)
• Inventors: Roeck, Guenter E., Chen, Wei-Sing
• Primary Examiner(s): Faile, Andrew I.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Miller, John W.
• Application Number:
  US08/962,231
• Time in Patent Office: 662 Days
• Field of Search: 455/3.1, 455/4.1, 455/4.2, 455/5.1, 455/6.1, 455/6.2, 348/6, 348/7, 348/10, 348/12, 348/13, 348/180, 348/181, 348/192, 348/193, 370/248, 370/249, 379/5
• US Class Current: 455/3.06
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 3/38 for signals in two different frequency ranges transmitted in opposite directions over the same transmission path
• CPC Class Codes: H04H 20/12 Arrangements for observation, testing or troubleshooting
• CPC Class Codes: H04H 20/78 CATV [Community Antenna Television] systems
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 12/2801 Broadband local area networks
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 43/50 Testing arrangements
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 17/00 Diagnosis, testing or measuring for television systems or their details
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 5/21 Circuitry for suppressing or minimising disturbance, e.g. moiré or halo
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 7/14 Systems for two-way working H04N7/12, H04N7/173 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 7/17309 Transmission or handling of upstream communications

Abstract

A system and method for locating ingress noise gaps for an upstream data carrier in a cable network utilizing cable modems is described. A system for identifying a transmission frequency that has less noise than other available frequency bands includes a packet generator, a rate controller, an echo device, a demodulator, and a packet checker. The packet generator and rate controller, contained in a cable modem termination system, send test data downstream to the echo device which then redirects the test data upstream at a selected test frequency. The echo device, which may be located within the cable modem termination system or outside the termination system, listens on the downstream path for data packets addressed to it. Once received, the echo changes the address of the test data to the address of the packet checker. The packet checker then recieves and analyzes the test data packet sent from the echo device to assess the amount of noise on that particular test frequency. The echo device can be a subscriber cable data modem configured to receive test packets sent downstream or a custom-built device located anywhere on the downstream path or within the cable modem termination system.

Claims

1. A system for identifying a transmission frequency for transmitting digital data upstream in a cable system, said transmission frequency having relatively less noise than at least some other frequency bands, the system comprising:

a packet generator capable of generating a test packet;

a rate controller for controlling a packet generation rate of the packet generator such that a downstream packet rate does not exceed the packet rate capacity of the upstream path;

an echo device capable of receiving the test packet sent downstream and redirecting it upstream at a selected test frequency;

a demodulator which can receive the test packet sent upstream at the test frequency; and

a packet checker which can receive and analyze the test packet sent upstream to assess the amount of noise on the test frequency.

2. A system as recited in claim 1, wherein the system is a cable modem termination system.

3. A system as recited in claim 1, further comprising a rate controller which controls the rate at which test packets are sent downstream so that they are not sent downstream at a faster rate than an upstream data transmission rate.

4. A system as recited in claim 1, wherein the echo device and the demodulator are capable of transmitting the test packet at a plurality of test frequencies.

5. A system as recited in claim 1, wherein the packet generator and the packet checker are contained in a media access control device.

6. A system as recited in claim 1, wherein the echo device has a unique media access control address.

7. A system as recited in claim 1, wherein the packet generator is capable of partitioning a quasi-random bit stream to create test packets.

8. A system as recited in claim 1, wherein the packet generator is capable of creating test packets from Internet protocol ping packets.

9. A system as recited in claim 1, wherein the packet checker assesses the signal to noise ratio of the test frequency using an error statistic accumulator capable of accumulating statistics including a bit error rate, forward error collection block statistics, and packet error statistics.

10. A system as recited in claim 3, wherein the rate controller is contained in the media access control device.

11. A system as recited in claim 3, wherein the rate controller inserts non-data filler between downstream test packets to control the rate of test packets transmitted to the echo device.

12. A system as recited in claim 1, wherein the echo device is a subscriber cable data modem configured to receive the test packet sent downstream and redirecting it upstream at the selected test frequency.

13. A system as recited in claim 1 wherein the echo device is located within a cable modem termination system and receives intermediate frequency signals.

14. A system as recited in claim 1, wherein the echo device includes:

a media access control address;

a downstream receiver and demodulator device capable of intercepting downstream test packets addressed to the echo device and of forwarding the test packets;

an echo logic device for replacing the media access control address of the echo device contained in the test packet with the media access control address of the packet checker; and

an upstream modulating and transmitting mechanism for transmitting the data packet.

15. A system as recited in claim 1, further including a mechanism for decrementing the power of the test frequency for use in assessing the signal to noise ratio for the test frequency.

16. A system as recited in claim 1, wherein the test frequency is greater than 5 megahertz and less than 42 megahertz.

17. A system as recited in claim 1, wherein an upstream channel bandwidth within the test frequency is greater than 200 kilohertz and less than 3.2 megahertz.

18. A cable modem device configured for use in a variable carrier frequency loop testing system, the device comprising:

a demodulator for receiving and forwarding a downstream test packet wherein the test packet has a media access control address of the cable modem device;

an address manipulation device which replaces the media access control address of the cable modem device with a media access control address of a test packet checker device without modifying any other portion of the test packet; and

a modulator for transmitting the test packet upstream to the test packet checker.

19. A method of identifying a transmission frequency for transmitting digital data upstream in a cable system, said transmission frequency having relatively less noise than at least some other frequency bands, the method comprising:

(a) selecting a test frequency;

(b) transmitting test data at a downstream frequency, the test data being addressed to an echo device located downstream on the cable system;

(c) receiving test data sent by said echo device at the test frequency;

(d) determining a noise level associated with the test frequency by evaluating the received test data; and

(e) repeating steps (a) through (d) for a plurality of test frequencies to identify the transmission frequency.

20. A method as recited in claim 19 wherein the step of selecting a test frequency includes:

initializing the test frequency to an initial value;

initializing a power level; and

setting a frequency increment value.

21. A method as recited in claim 19 wherein the step of determining a noise level includes:

determining the number of errors in the test data by analyzing the test data received by a test data receiver, the test data receiver being part of a destination node;

storing in memory the number of errors in the test data; and

calculating the signal-to-noise ratio for the test frequency.

22. A method as recited in claim 19 including determining whether the lowest power for the test frequency has been reached.

23. A method as recited in claim 19 wherein the test data is in the form of test data packets.

24. A method as recited in claim 19 wherein the test frequency is set to a value greater than 5 megahertz and less than 42 megahertz.

25. A method as recited in claim 19 wherein the test data is sent to the echo device for a pre-determined length of time.

26. A method as recited in claim 19 wherein a pre-determined amount of test data is sent to the echo device such as a fixed number of data packets or a fixed number of bits.

27. A method of identifying a frequency channel for transmitting digital data upstream in a cable system, the method comprising:

(a) selecting a test frequency;

(b) generating a test data stream containing a plurality of bits;

(c) transmitting said test data stream from a second point on the cable system downstream to a first point on the cable system;

(d) receiving said test data stream at the second point located upstream from said first point on the cable system;

(e) evaluating the condition of said test data stream at said second point to assess a noise level at said selected frequency;

(f) repeating steps (b) through (e) for a plurality of test frequencies; and

(g) determining which of said plurality of test frequencies contains the least noise.

28. A method as recited in claim 27, further comprising:

prior to transmitting said test data stream upstream, transmitting said test data stream from a transmitter downstream to said first point.

29. A method as recited in claim 27, wherein said first point is an echo device which receives the test data stream coming downstream and re-transmits it upstream to said second point.

30. A method as recited in claim 27, wherein the packet checker assesses the signal-to-noise ratio of the test frequency using an error statistic accumulator capable of accumulating statistics including a bit error rate, forward error collection block statistics, and test data packet error statistics.