Apparatus for determining battery pack temperature and identity

• US 5,945,803 A
• Filed: 06/09/1998
• Issued: 08/31/1999
• Est. Priority Date: 06/09/1998
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Black & Decker Incorporated (Stanley Black & Decker, Inc.)
• Original Assignee: Black & Decker Incorporated (Stanley Black & Decker, Inc.)
• Inventors: Brotto, Daniele C., Trinh, Danh T.
• Primary Examiner(s): Tso, Edward H.
• Application Number:
  US09/094,302
• Time in Patent Office: 448 Days
• Field of Search: 320/106, 320/110, 320/125, 320/128, 320/132, 320/150, 320/DIG. 21
• US Class Current: 320/106
• CPC Class Codes: G01R 31/378 specially adapted for the type of battery or accumulator
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/4221 with battery type recognition
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/441 for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/443 in response to temperature
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/46 Accumulators structurally combined with charging apparatus circuits for charging H02J7/00
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/486 for measuring temperature
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/00038 using passive battery identification means, e.g. resistors or capacitors identification by mechanical connections H02J7/0045
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/00047 with provisions for charging different types of batteries
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/007194 of the battery
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/345 using capacitors as storage or buffering devices
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/10 Energy storage using batteries

Abstract

A battery monitor system that determines battery pack temperature and battery pack identification. The battery pack includes a battery pack circuit having a thermistor and an AC circuit component. The battery monitoring system determines the battery pack temperature by measuring the resistance of the thermistor when the battery pack circuit is in a steady-state condition, and determines the value of the AC component based on a changing or dynamic electrical condition of the battery pack circuit. In one embodiment, to determine battery pack identification, an identification capacitor is connected in circuit with the thermistor. One terminal of a comparator is switched to a low reference voltage potential once the identification capacitor has been charged, and the output of the comparator gives an indication of the discharge rate of the capacitor, and thus its identification. In an alternate embodiment, the battery monitor circuit determines the identity of the battery pack by determining whether a thermistor does or doesn'"'"'t exist, and if so, whether an identification capacitor does or doesn'"'"'t exist.

Claims

1. A battery monitoring system for monitoring a battery pack being charged in a charging device, said monitoring system comprising:

a battery monitoring circuit including a first voltage divider network, said first voltage divider network including a plurality of resistors;

an identification capacitor positioned within the battery pack, said identification capacitor being electrically connected to the first voltage divider network when the battery pack is connected to the battery monitoring circuit;

a first comparison system including a first input and a second input, said first input being connected to an output of the first voltage divider network and said second input being selectively connected to a reference voltage potential; and

a controlling device, said controlling device charging the identification capacitor and discharging the identification capacitor through the first voltage divider network, wherein an output of the first comparison system provides a signal indicative of the value of the identification capacitor when the identification capacitor discharges through the first voltage divider network.

2. The system according to claim 1 wherein the controlling device applies a first voltage potential to one of the plurality of resistors in the first voltage divider network when the controlling device is charging the identification capacitor and applies a second voltage potential to the one resistor in the first voltage divider network when the controlling device is discharging the identification capacitor, said one of the plurality of resistors having a resistive value that is significantly lower than the values of the remaining resistors in the first voltage divider network to allow the identification capacitor to quickly discharge through the one of the plurality of resistors.

3. The system according to claim 2 wherein the first voltage divider network includes at least a first resistor, a second resistor and a third resistor, said one of the plurality of resistors being the first resistor, wherein the controlling device provides output signals to the first voltage divider network so that the first resistor and the second resistor are connected in parallel when the controlling device is charging the identification capacitor, and the first resistor and the third resistor are connected in parallel when the controlling device is discharging the identification capacitor.

4. The system according to claim 2 wherein the one of the plurality of resistors has a value that is at least two orders of magnitude less than the remaining resistors in the first voltage divider network.

5. The system according to claim 1 further comprising a temperature sensitive resistor positioned within the battery pack and forming part of the first voltage divider network when the battery pack is connected to the battery monitoring circuit, said temperature sensitive resistor acting in association with the first voltage divider network to provide a signal indicative of a temperature of the battery pack on a same line as the signal providing an indication of the battery pack identity.

6. The system according to claim 5 wherein the battery monitoring circuit further includes a second voltage divider network, said second voltage divider network including a plurality of resistors and a reference capacitor, wherein an output from the second voltage divider network is selectably connected to the second input of the first comparison system, said controlling device causing the reference capacitor to be discharged through the second voltage divider network, and wherein an output of the first comparison system provides an indication of the temperature of the battery pack as a result of a comparison between an output voltage of the first voltage divider network and an output voltage of the second voltage divider network.

7. The system according to claim 1 further comprising a voltage attenuator, said voltage attenuator being responsive to an output voltage from the battery pack and providing an attenuated voltage output, said battery monitoring system further comprising a second comparison system including a first input and a second input, said first input of the second comparison system being responsive to the attenuation voltage from the voltage attenuator, said battery monitoring circuit further including a second voltage divider network, said second voltage divider network including a reference capacitor and a plurality of resistors, wherein a voltage output from the second voltage divider network is selectively connected to the second input of the second comparison system, said second comparison system providing an output to the controlling device indicative of the attenuated voltage of the battery pack when the controlling device discharges the reference capacitor through the second voltage divider network.

8. A battery monitoring system for monitoring a battery pack being charged in a charging device, said monitoring system comprising:

a battery monitoring circuit including a first voltage divider network and a second voltage divider network, each of the first and second voltage divider networks including a plurality of resistors;

an identification capacitor positioned within the battery pack, said identification capacitor being electrically connected to the first voltage divider network when the battery pack is connected to the battery monitoring circuit;

a temperature sensitive resistor positioned within the battery pack, said temperature sensitive resistor forming part of the first voltage divider network when the battery pack is connected to the battery monitoring circuit, said temperature sensitive resistor acting in association with the first voltage divider network to provide a signal indicative of a temperature of the battery pack on a same line as the signal providing an indication of the battery pack identity;

a first comparison system including a first input and a second input, said first input being connected to an output of the first voltage divider network and said second input being selectively connected to a reference potential and an output of the second voltage divider network; and

a controlling device, said controlling device charging the identification capacitor and discharging the identification capacitor through the first voltage divider network, wherein an output of the first comparison system provides a signal indicative of the value of the identification capacitor when the identification capacitor discharges through the voltage divider network, said controlling device further causing the reference capacitor to be discharged through the second voltage divider network, and wherein an output of the first comparison system further provides an indication of the temperature of the battery pack as a result of a comparison between the output voltage of the first voltage divider network and an output voltage of the second voltage divider network.

9. The system according to claim 8 wherein the controlling device applies a first voltage potential to one of the plurality of resistors in the first voltage divider network when the controlling device is charging the identification capacitor and supplies a second voltage potential to the one resistor in the first voltage divider network when the controlling device is discharging the identification capacitor, said one of the plurality of resistors having a resistive value that is significantly lower than the values of the remaining resistors in the first voltage divider network to allow the identification capacitor to quickly discharge through one of the plurality of resistors.

10. The system according to claim 9 wherein the first voltage divider network includes at least a first resistor, a second resistor and a third resistor, said one of the plurality of resistors being the first resistor, wherein the controlling device provides output signals to the first voltage divider network so that the first resistor and the second resistor are connected in parallel when the controlling device is charging the identification capacitor, and the first resistor and the third resistor are connected in parallel when the controlling device is discharging the identification capacitor.

11. The system according to claim 9 wherein the one of the plurality of resistors has a value that is at least two orders of magnitude less than the remaining resistors in the first voltage divider network.

12. The system according to claim 8 further comprising a voltage attenuator, said voltage attenuator being responsive to an output voltage from the battery pack and providing an attenuated voltage output, said battery monitoring system further comprising a second comparison system including a first input and a second input, said first input of the second comparison system being responsive to the attenuation voltage from the voltage attenuator, said battery monitoring circuit further including a second voltage divider network, said second voltage divider network including a reference capacitor and a plurality of resistors, wherein a voltage output from the second voltage divider network is selectively connected to the second input of the second comparison system, said second comparison system providing an output to the controlling device indicative of the attenuated voltage of the battery pack when the controlling device discharges the reference capacitor the second voltage divider network.

13. A system for determining the identification of a battery pack, said system comprising:

a battery pack circuit positioned within the battery pack, said battery pack being configured to be inserted into a battery pack charger, said battery pack circuit including an identification capacitor; and

a battery pack monitoring circuit positioned within the battery pack charger, said battery pack monitoring circuit including a first voltage divider network that is electrically connected to the identification capacitor when the battery pack is inserted into the battery charger, said first voltage divide network including a plurality of resistors, said battery monitoring circuit providing an indication of the value of the identification capacitor upon discharge of the identification capacitor through the first voltage divider network.

14. The system according to claim 13 wherein the battery pack monitoring circuit includes means for applying a first voltage potential to one of the plurality of resistors in the first voltage divider network when the battery pack monitoring circuit is charging the identification capacitor, and for applying a second voltage potential to the one resistor in the first voltage divider network when the battery pack monitoring circuit is discharging the identification capacitor, said one of the plurality of resistors having a resistive value that is significantly lower than the values of the remaining resistors in the first voltage divider network to allow the identification capacitor to quickly discharge through the one of the plurality of resistors.

15. The system according to claim 13 wherein the battery pack circuit further includes a temperature sensitive resistor electrically connected to the identification capacitor and forming part of the first voltage divider network when the battery pack is connected to the battery pack monitoring circuit, said temperature sensitive resistor acting in association with the first voltage divider network to provide a signal indicative of a temperature of the battery pack on a same line as the signal providing an indication of the battery pack identity.

16. The system according to claim 15 wherein the battery monitoring circuit further includes a second voltage divider network, said second voltage divider network including a plurality of resistors and a reference capacitor, said battery monitoring circuit charging and discharging the reference capacitor through the second voltage divider network, wherein the battery pack monitoring circuit provides an indication of the temperature of the battery pack based on a result of the comparison between an output voltage of the first voltage divider network and an output voltage of the second voltage divider network.

17. A rechargeable battery pack including a plurality of battery cells, said battery pack being configured to be inserted into a battery charger to charge the battery cells, said battery pack further including a unique identification capacitor having a predetermined value, said battery charger being operable to determine the value of the identification capacitor based on a discharge rate of the identification capacitor.

18. The battery pack according to claim 17 further comprising a temperature sensitive resistor, said battery charger further being operable to determine the temperature of the battery pack based on a resistive value of the temperature sensitive resistor.

19. A method of determining the identity of a battery pack, said method comprising the steps of:

discharging a potential capacitive component of a battery pack circuit of the battery pack;

initiating recharging of the potential capacitive component after the capacitive component is substantially discharged;

waiting a predetermined period of time after initiating the recharging of the potential capacitive component; and

measuring a voltage output of the battery pack circuit after the predetermined period of time to determine whether the voltage output is above or below a predetermined threshold value.

20. The method according to claim 19 wherein the step of measuring a voltage output includes determining that the battery pack circuit does not include the potential capacitive component if the value output is above the threshold value and determining that the battery pack circuit does include the potential capacitive component if the voltage output is below the threshold value.

21. The method according to claim 19 wherein the step of measuring the voltage output includes using an analog-to-digital converter to measure the voltage output.

22. The method according to claim 19 wherein the predetermined time period is 1 ms.

23. The method according to claim 19 wherein the predetermined threshold value is 0.7 volts.

24. The method according to claim 19 wherein the step of discharging the potential capacitive component includes setting an analog/digital input/output of a microprocessor to a digital output low, and the step of initiating recharging of the potential capacitive component includes setting the analog/digital input/output to an analog input, said step of measuring a voltage output of the battery pack circuit includes measuring the voltage output at the analog input.

25. The method according to claim 19 further comprising the step of determining if the battery pack includes a potential temperature dependent resistive element.

26. The method according to claim 25 wherein the step of determining if the battery pack circuit includes a potential resistive element includes the step of determining the voltage output of a voltage divider network, where the resistive element is part of the voltage divider network.

27. The method according to claim 26 further comprising the step of determining the resistance of the resistive element if it is determined that the potential resistive element exists based on the voltage output of the divider network.

28. The method according to claim 27 wherein the voltage output of the divider network is determined by an analog-to-digital converter.

29. A method of determining the identity of a battery pack, said method comprising the steps of:

determining whether a battery pack circuit of the battery pack includes a potential temperature dependent resistive element by determining the voltage output of a voltage divider network, where the resistive element is part of the voltage divider network;

discharging a potential capacitive component of the battery pack circuit;

initiating recharging of the potential capacitive component after the capacitive component is substantially discharged;

waiting a predetermined period of time after the step initiating the recharging of the potential capacitive component; and

measuring a voltage output of the battery pack circuit to determine whether the voltage output is above a predetermined threshold value, said step of measuring the voltage output includes determining that the battery pack circuit does not include the potential capacitive component if the voltage output is above the threshold value and determining that the battery pack circuit does include the potential capacitive component if the voltage output is below the threshold value.

30. The method according to claim 29 wherein the step of measuring the voltage output includes using an analog-to-digital converter to measure the voltage output.

31. The method according to claim 29 wherein the predetermined time period is 1 ms.

32. The method according to claim 29 wherein the predetermined threshold value is 0.7 volts.

33. The method according to claim 29 wherein the step of discharging a potential capacitive component includes setting an analog/digital input/output of a microprocessor to a digital output low, and the step of initiating recharging of the potential capacitive component includes setting the analog/digital input/output to an analog input, said step of measuring a voltage output of the battery pack circuit includes measuring the voltage output at the analog input.

34. The method according to claim 29 further comprising the step of determining the resistance of the resistive element if it is determined that the potential resistive element exists based on the voltage output of the divider network.