Bar code reader for reading high to low contrast bar code symbols

• US 5,949,054 A
• Filed: 10/23/1995
• Issued: 09/07/1999
• Est. Priority Date: 10/23/1995
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Welch Allyn Incorporated
• Original Assignee: Welch Allyn Incorporated
• Inventors: Karpen, Thomas W., Havens, William H., Jovanovski, Brian L., McEnery, Dennis W.
• Primary Examiner(s): Le, Thien Minh
• Assistant Examiner(s): Rodriguez, Douglas X.
• Application Number:
  US08/546,588
• Time in Patent Office: 1,415 Days
• Field of Search: 235/463, 235/462, 235/472, 235/462.01, 235/462.25, 235/462.26, 235/462.06, 235/462.27
• US Class Current: 235/462.25
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 7/10851 Circuits for pulse shaping, amplifying, eliminating noise signals, checking the function of the sensing device basic electronic circuitry H03
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 7/14 using light without selection of wavelength, e.g. sensing reflected white light G06K7/10831 - G06K7/1097 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 7/1478 adapting the threshold for pixels in a CMOS or CCD pixel sensor for black and white recognition

Abstract

A bar code reader is provided which can read bar code symbols of varying contrast, from high to medium to low contrast. The bar code reader includes a digitizing circuit which digitizes an analog signal representing the reflectance function of a scanned bar code by comparing the analog signal to a threshold signal. In the present invention, the threshold signal is switchable between a first state wherein the threshold signal is a standard threshold signal suitable for digitizing analog signals representing medium to high contrast bar code symbols and a second state wherein the threshold signal is a non-standard threshold signal suitable for digitizing analog signals representing low contrast bar code symbols. In one embodiment of the invention, the threshold signal is manually adjustable. In another embodiment, a bar code reader is provided which automatically digitizes and decodes bar code symbols of varying contrast by repetitively scanning bar code symbols, using first and second alternating threshold signal states to digitize the analog signal resulting from each scan.

Claims

1. In an indicia reader for digitizing code symbols that include black and white code elements in combination:

image sensing means for scanning said bar code elements, and for generating therefrom voltages that vary in accordance with the blackness and whiteness of said code elements;

waveform generating means in electrical communication with said image sensing means for generating a signal varying in accordance with the blackness and whiteness of said code elements;

black and white peak detecting means responsive to said signal for generating black and white peak tracking signals which approximately track the peak black and peak white values of said signal;

threshold generating means for generating a threshold signal that varies in accordance with changes in said black and white peak tracking signals;

comparing means responsive to said signal and to said threshold signal for generating a digital signal for use in decoding said symbols;

threshold switching means for switching said threshold signal between a first state, wherein said threshold signal is a dynamically variable signal bearing a first predetermined relationship to said peak values, and a second state wherein said threshold signal is a dynamically variable signal bearing a second predetermined relationship to said peak values; and

control means in communication with said threshold switching means and said image sensing means, for causing said threshold switching means to switch said threshold signal between said first state and said second state during alternate scans or sets of scans by said image sensing means.

2. The indicia reader of claim 1, wherein said threshold signal in said first state is a standard threshold signal suitable for digitizing analog signals representing medium to high contrast code symbols, and wherein said threshold signal in said second state is a non-standard threshold signal suitable for digitizing analog signals representing low to medium contrast code symbols.

3. The indicia reader of claim 1, wherein said first state of said threshold signal is between about 35 percent and about 45 percent from said black peak, and wherein said second state of said threshold signal is between about 45 percent and about 55 percent from said black peak, whereby said first state is suitable for digitizing analog signals representing medium to high contrast code symbols, and said second state is suitable for digitizing analog signals representing low to medium contrast code symbols.

4. The indicia reader of claim 1, wherein said first state of said threshold signal is 40 percent from said black peak, and wherein said second state of said threshold signal is 50 percent from said black peak, whereby said first state is suitable for digitizing analog signals representing medium to high contrast code symbols, and said second state is suitable for digitizing analog signals representing low contrast code symbols.

5. The indicia reader of claim 1, wherein said threshold signal is a two-state signal switchable between a first state wherein said threshold signal is between about 35 percent and about 45 percent from said black peak, and a second state wherein said threshold signal is between about 45 percent and about 55 percent from said black peak.

6. The indicia reader of claim 1, further comprising:

manual control means in electrical communication with said threshold switching means for manually adjusting said threshold signal between said first state and said second state.

7. The indicia reader according to claim 1, wherein said threshold switching means comprises:

first and second dividing resistors electrically connected in series across an output of said black and white peak detecting means, said first and second dividing resistors having a node therebetween, said threshold signal appearing at said node;

a threshold switching resistor electrically connected in parallel across one of said dividing resistors; and

a switch electrically connected in series with said threshold switching resistor switchable between an open position wherein said threshold signal is in said first state, and a second position wherein said threshold is in said second state.

8. The indicia reader of claim 1, further comprising decoding means responsive to said digital signal for decoding said symbols.

9. An indicia reader for digitizing bar code symbols that include black and white code bars comprising:

an image sensor for scanning said bar code bars, and for generating therefrom voltages that vary in accordance with the blackness and whiteness of said code bars;

a waveform generating block in electrical communication with said image sensor for generating a signal varying in accordance with the blackness and whiteness of said code bars;

a black and white peak detecting circuit responsive to said signal for generating black and white peak tracking signals which approximately track the peak black and peak white values of said signal;

a threshold generating block for generating a threshold signal that varies in accordance with changes in said black and white peak tracking signals;

a comparator responsive to said signal and to said threshold signal for generating a digital signal for use in decoding said bar code symbols;

threshold switching means for switching said threshold signal between a first state, wherein said threshold signal is a dynamically variable signal bearing a first predetermined relationship to said peak values, and a second state wherein said threshold signal is a dynamically variable signal bearing a second predetermined relationship to said peak values; and

a controller in communication with said threshold switching means and said image sensor, for causing said threshold switching means to switch said threshold signal between said first state and said second state during alternate scans or sets of scans by said image sensor.

10. The indicia reader of claim 9, wherein said threshold signal in said first state is a standard threshold signal suitable for digitizing analog signals representing medium to high contrast bar code symbols, and wherein said threshold signal in said second state is a non-standard threshold signal suitable for digitizing analog signals representing low to medium contrast bar code symbols.

11. The indicia reader of claim 9, wherein said first state of said threshold signal is between about 35 percent and about 45 percent from said black peak, and wherein said second state of said threshold signal is between about 45 percent and about 55 percent from said black peak, whereby said first state is suitable for digitizing analog signals representing medium to high contrast bar code symbols, and said second state is suitable for digitizing analog signals representing low to medium contrast bar code symbols.

12. The indicia reader of claim 9, wherein said first state of said threshold signal is 40 percent from said black peak, and wherein said second state of said threshold signal is 50 percent from said black peak, whereby said first state is suitable for digitizing analog signals representing medium to high contrast bar code symbols, and said second state is suitable for digitizing analog signals representing low contrast bar code symbols.

13. The indicia reader of claim 9, wherein said threshold signal is a two-state signal switchable between a first state wherein said threshold signal is between about 35 percent and about 45 percent from said black peak, and a second state wherein said threshold signal is between about 45 percent and about 55 percent from said black peak.

14. The indicia reader of claim 9, further comprising:

manual control means in electrical communication with said threshold switching means for manually adjusting said threshold signal between said first state and said second state.

15. The indicia reader according to claim 9, wherein said threshold switching means comprises:

first and second dividing resistors electrically connected in series across an output of said black and white peak detecting circuit, said first and second dividing resistors having a node therebetween, said threshold signal appearing at said node;

a threshold switching resistor electrically connected in parallel across one of said dividing resistors; and

a switch electrically connected in series with said threshold switching resistor switchable between an open position wherein said threshold signal is in said first state, and a second position wherein said threshold is in said second state.

16. The indicia reader of claim 9, further comprising decoding means responsive to said digital signal for decoding said symbols.

17. In an indicia reader for digitizing code symbols that include black and white code elements in combination:

image sensing means for scanning said bar code elements, and for generating therefrom voltages that vary in accordance with the blackness and whiteness of said code elements;

waveform generating means in electrical communication with said image sensing means for generating a signal varying in accordance with the blackness and whiteness of said code elements;

black and white peak detecting means responsive to said signal for generating black and white peak tracking signals which approximately track the peak black and peak white values of said signal;

threshold generating means for generating a threshold signal that varies in accordance with changes in said black and white peak tracking signals;

comparing means responsive to said signal and to said threshold signal for generating a digital signal for use in decoding said symbols; and

manual adjusting means for manually adjusting said threshold signal to a state wherein said threshold signal bears a substantially constant relationship to said peak values.