Optical alignment method for pointing devices

• US 5,949,402 A
• Filed: 02/13/1997
• Issued: 09/07/1999
• Est. Priority Date: 02/13/1997
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Google LLC (Alphabet Inc.)
• Original Assignee: International Business Machines Corporation
• Inventors: Schappert, Michael Alan, Levine, James Lewis, Garwin, Richard Lawrence
• Primary Examiner(s): Hofsass, Jeffery A.
• Assistant Examiner(s): GOINS, DAVETTA WOODS
• Application Number:
  US08/800,934
• Time in Patent Office: 936 Days
• Field of Search: 345/46, 345/156, 345/157, 345/158, 345/169, 349/62, 349/64, 359/454, 359/459, 359/530, 250/221, 250/206.1, 235/462, 235/472
• US Class Current: 345/156
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 3/0325 using a plurality of light emitters or reflectors or a plurality of detectors forming a reference frame from which to derive the orientation of the object, e.g. by triangulation or on the basis of reference deformation in the picked up image

Abstract

This invention provides an optical pointing device, such as those used to control devices such as televisions, VCRs, video games and computers, which have improved accuracy and lower sensitivity to detrimental effects, such as noise and user hand unsteadiness, than prior art devices. Such pointing devices emit light beams, such as infrared light, which when received by a receiver are used to position cursors or other symbolic shapes, such as sliding volume controls. An advantage of the pointing device of the invention is that light emitting diodes of conventional manufacture, known to have poor optical precision and hence variable angular emission profiles, may nevertheless be used in the pointing device of the invention.

Claims

1. The pointing device wherein said lens is positioned in front of said diffuser.

2. The pointing device of claim 1 wherein said lens is positioned in back of said diffuser.

3. The pointing device of claim 1 further including a second lens positioned so as to be on the side of said diffuser opposite to said lens.

4. The pointing device of claim 1 wherein said lens comprises a Fresnel lens.

5. The pointing device of claim 1 wherein said lens comprises a biconvex lens.

6. The pointing device of claim 3 wherein at least one of said lenses comprises a Fresnel lens.

20. The pointing device according to claim 1, wherein said plurality of light emitting diodes includes no less than three light emitting diodes.

21. The pointing device according to claim 1, wherein an angular emission profile of each of said light emitting diodes is made substantially identical to one another.

22. The pointing device according to claim 1, wherein an angular emission profile of each of said light emitting diodes is made substantially smooth.

23. The pointing device according to claim 1, wherein a direction of a beam from a light emitting diode is determined solely by a position of the light emitting diode in the plurality of light emitting diodes.

24. The pointing device according to claim 1, wherein said diffuser comprises an outer surface coating of said lens.

25. The pointing device according to claim 1, wherein said diffuser is integrally formed with said lens.

26. The pointing device according to claim 1, wherein an optical signal output by said lens allows orientation of the device to be determined by measurements made at a remote detector, such that detected signals are processed to allow a user to position a graphic display.

27. The pointing device according to claim 1, wherein said lens and said diffuser in combination provide multiple, precisely controlled angular beam profiles of outputs of said plurality of light emitting diodes.

7. An optical pointing device comprising:

a. a plurality of light emitting diodes, said diodes being mounted in a predetermined arrangement on a substrate;

b. a lens positioned in front of said light emitting diodes by a distance equal to the focal length of said lens; and

c. a diffuser positioned in proximity to said lens, the pointing device having a predetermined desired angular operating range, Am, wherein said lens, said diffuser and the spacing of said light emitting diodes are chosen such that the figure of merit Fm=P_f /Nm is optimized.

8. The pointing device of claim 7 wherein P_f is proportional to (1/B²) exp (-(Ao/B/²) and Nm=B² /2AoAm where Ao is the offset angle, B is the Gaussian spread angle and Am is the desired angular operating range.

9. The pointing device of claim 8 wherein said lens is positioned in front of said diffuser.

10. The pointing device of claim 8 wherein said lens is positioned in back of said diffuser.

11. The pointing device of claim 8 further including a second lens positioned so as to be on the side of said diffuser opposite to said lens.

12. The pointing device of claim 8 wherein said lens comprises a Fresnel lens.

13. The pointing device of claim 8 wherein said lens comprises a biconvex lens.

14. The pointing device of claim 11 wherein at least one of said lenses comprises a Fresnel lens.

15. An optical pointing device comprising:

a. a plurality of light emitting diodes, said diodes being mounted in a predetermined arrangement on a substrate;

b. a lens positioned in front of said light emitting diodes by a distance equal to the focal length of said lens; and

c. a diffuser positioned in proximity to said lens, the pointing device having a predetermined desired angular operating range, Am, wherein said lens, said diffuser and the spacing of said light emitting diodes are chosen such that the figure of merit Fm=P_f /Nm is optimized.

16. The pointing device of claim 15 wherein P_f is proportional to (1/B²) exp (-(Ao/B/²) and Nm=B² /2AoAm where Ao is the offset angle, B is the Gaussian spread angle and Am is the desired angular operating range.

17. A method for positioning light emitting diodes in a pointing device comprising:

a. providing a plurality of light emitting diodes behind a lens, such that said light emitting diodes are located at the focal plane of said lens, said diodes having a forward facing light emitting region and electrical connection leads extending from a rearward facing region opposite to said forward facing region;

b. preparing a positioning device having apertures therethrough in a predetermined arrangement, said apertures sized to snugly accommodate said light emitting diodes;

c. providing a substrate for holding said light emitting diodes in said predetermined configuration, said substrate having apertures therethrough to loosely accommodate said electrical connection leads;

d. positioning said light emitting diodes in said substrate such that said leads associated with said light emitting diodes pass through corresponding apertures in said substrate;

e. positioning said positioning device over said light emitting diodes; and

f. soldering said leads to said substrate.

18. A method for positioning light emitting diodes in a pointing device comprising:

a. providing a plurality of light emitting diodes, said diodes having a forward facing light emitting region and electrical connection leads extending from a rearward facing region opposite to said forward facing region;

b. preparing a positioning device having apertures therethrough in a predetermined arrangement, said apertures sized to snugly accommodate said light emitting diodes;

c. providing a substrate for holding said light emitting diodes in said predetermined configuration, said substrate having apertures therethrough to loosely accommodate said electrical connection leads;

d. positioning said light emitting diodes in said substrate such that said leads associated with said light emitting diodes pass through corresponding apertures in said substrate;

e. positioning said positioning device over said light emitting diodes;

f. soldering said leads to said substrate; and

removing said substrate with said light emitting diodes from said positioning device.

19. A method for selecting the optical parameters for an optical pointing device having improved accuracy and stability comprising the steps of:

a. selecting an operating angular range, ±

Am;

b. obtaining a value for threshold factor η

from known receiver properties and;

space="preserve" listing-type="equation">i) η

=I.sub.min /I.sub.max

and

c. calculating the curve of Gaussian parameter B vs Ao using η and

the α

corresponding to the diffuser from whichever of i) and ii) below is the smaller;

##EQU2## and d. constructing a curve of figure of merit, Fm, versus offset angle Ao from;

space="preserve" listing-type="equation">i) Pf∝

(1/B.sup.2) exp (-(Ao/B).sup.2)

and

space="preserve" listing-type="equation">ii) Nm=B.sup.2 /2AoAm

and

space="preserve" listing-type="equation">iii) Fm=Pf/Nm

and

e. selecting the optimum offset angle, Ao, from said curve of Fm vs. Ao to thereby provide a maximum value of Fm; and

f. selecting a value for B corresponding to Ao optimum using said curve of B vs Ao; and

g. selecting light emitting diode spacing R and lens focal length F using said optimum offset angle Ao and;

space="preserve" listing-type="equation">i) Ao=Arctan (R/F)