Laser imaging apparatus using biomedical markers that bind to cancer cells

• US 5,952,664 A
• Filed: 01/16/1998
• Issued: 09/14/1999
• Est. Priority Date: 01/17/1997
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Imaging Diagnostic Systems, Inc.
• Original Assignee: Imaging Diagnostic Systems, Inc.
• Inventors: Wake, Robert H., Grable, Richard J.
• Primary Examiner(s): Westin, Edward P.
• Assistant Examiner(s): HANIG, RICHARD E
• Application Number:
  US09/008,477
• Time in Patent Office: 606 Days
• Field of Search: 250/459.1, 250/458.1, 250/461.1, 250/461.2, 600/425, 600/426, 600/427, 600/317, 604/20, 356/317
• US Class Current: 250/459.1
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/0059 using light, e.g. diagnosis by transillumination, diascopy, fluorescence A61B5/0093, A61B5/1455, A61B5/02416 and A61B5/0261 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/0071 by measuring fluorescence emission
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/0073 by tomography, i.e. reconstruction of 3D images from 2D projections A61B5/0066 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/0091 for mammography
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/4312 Breast evaluation or disorder diagnosis A61B5/0091 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 21/4795 spatially resolved investigating of object in scattering medium in vivo A61B
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 21/6428 Measuring fluorescence of fluorescent products of reactions or of fluorochrome labelled reactive substances, e.g. measuring quenching effects, using measuring "optrodes" in vivo A61B5/00; immunoassay G01N33/53
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 21/645 Specially adapted constructive features of fluorimeters

Abstract

A method for collecting data for use in image reconstruction of a tissue being scanned containing cancer cells comprises the steps of providing a source of laser beam; providing a biochemical marker that selectively binds to cancer cells within the tissue; directing the laser beam toward the object being scanned; orbiting the laser beam around the object; providing a plurality of sensors adapted to simultaneously detect the laser beam after passing through the object; and limiting the sensors to detect only the radiation released by the biochemical marker after having been activated by the laser beam.

Claims

1. A method for collecting data for use in image reconstruction of a tissue being scanned containing cancer cells, comprising the steps of:

a) providing a source of laser beam;

b) providing a biochemical marker that selectively binds to cancer cells within the tissue;

c) directing the laser beam toward the object being scanned;

d) orbiting the laser beam around the object;

e) providing a plurality of sensors adapted to simultaneously detect radiation exiting from the object; and

f) limiting the sensors to detect only the radiation released by the biochemical marker after having been activated by the laser beam.

2. A method as in claim 1, wherein said limiting is implemented with an optical bandpass filter operably associated with each detector.

3. A method as in claim 1, wherein said limiting is implemented with an optical cut-off filter operably associated with each detector.

4. A method as in claim 1, wherein the biochemical marker is a fluorophore.

5. A method for activating a photodynamic therapy (PDT) drug attached to abnormal cells within a tissue, comprising the steps of:

a) providing a biochemical marker carrying a PDT drug within the tissue;

b) scanning the tissue to locate the position of the abnormal cells;

c) determining the shortest path length for a laser beam having a wavelength appropriate for the PDT drug; and

d) directing the laser beam toward the abnormal cells to activate the PDT drug.

6. A method as in claim 5, wherein said scanning is implemented with detectors adapted to receive only radiation emitted by the biochemical marker.

7. A detector array for a laser imaging apparatus, comprising:

a) a plurality of detectors disposed in an arc around an opening in which a tissue to be scanned is disposed; and

b) each of said detectors including an optical wavelength restricting filter matched to the wavelength of radiation emitted by a biochemical marker within the tissue after being activated by a laser beam.

8. A detector array as in claim 7, wherein said filter is a bandpass filter.

9. A detector array as in claim 7, wherein said filter is a cut-off filter.

10. An apparatus for imaging an object, comprising:

a) a scanning chamber for receiving therein an object being scanned;

b) a source of laser beam disposed within said scanning chamber for impinging on the object being scanned, said laser beam being adapted to orbit around the object;

c) an array of sensors disposed within said chamber, each of said sensors being adapted to detect radiation emanating from a biochemical marker attached to cancer cells; and

d) a computer programmed to take the output value of each detector at every location in the orbit around the object to reconstruct an image of the object.

11. An apparatus as in claim 10, wherein each of said sensors include a bandpass filter.

12. An apparatus as in claim 10, wherein each of said sensors includes a cut-off filter.