Density-based emergent scheduling system

• US 5,953,229 A
• Filed: 09/24/1996
• Issued: 09/14/1999
• Est. Priority Date: 09/24/1996
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Techteam Government Solutions Incorporated (Jacobs Solutions, Inc.)
• Original Assignee: Environmental Research Institute of Michigan
• Inventors: Clark, Steven J., Parunak, H. Van Dyke
• Primary Examiner(s): Trammell, James P.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Smithers, Matthew
• Application Number:
  US08/719,129
• Time in Patent Office: 1,085 Days
• Field of Search: 364/468.02, 364/468.05, 364/468.06, 395/670-674, 705/8, 705/9
• US Class Current: 700/100
• CPC Class Codes: G06Q 10/06 Resources, workflows, human or project management; Enterprise or organisation planning; Enterprise or organisation modelling

Abstract

A computerized task scheduler for negotiating and scheduling resources with respect to various manufacturing tasks via computerized agent technology. A manufacturing-related customer asks a computerized uniform process broker for a bid on a manufacturing task by specifying the task and the time when it is to be completed. The computerized uniform process broker finds a computerized resource broker which will perform the assignment at the lowest cost within the requested time frame. The computerized resource brokers use the requested time frame and their respective current available resources to determine a working window in which they can perform the task and at what cost. The determination of resources by the computerized resource brokers includes calculating their respective percentage of total commitment based upon the interrelationship between the working window and the time it actually takes to complete the task.

Claims

1. An apparatus for scheduling a plurality of tasks to be performed by a resource within predetermined commitment windows, each of said tasks requiring a minimum period of time to be performed within the respective commitment windows, each of said commitment windows having a period of time for performing respective task, comprising:

a working window determinator for determining a working window for each said task, said working windows being the periods of time within which said resource performs each respective task, said working windows having a period of time within the period of the commitment window of the respective task, said working windows containing the minimum task period for the respective task;

a commitment determinator coupled to said working window determinator for determining a varying percentage of commitment which varies over the respective working window for each task to be performed by said resource, each of said percentage of commitments being respectively based upon the working window and upon said minimum task period of each task; and

a scheduler coupled to said commitment determinator for flexibly scheduling said resource to perform each said task based upon said determined percentages of commitments and said working windows of said tasks.

2. The Apparatus of claim 1 wherein said minimum task period is a kernel, said percentage of commitment based upon the ratio between said kernel and said working window.

3. An apparatus for determining whether to commit a first resource to perform a first and second task, said first and second tasks respectively having a first and second predetermined commitment window, said first and second commitment windows being the periods of time within which their respective task is to be performed, said first commitment window overlapping with said second commitment window, said first and second tasks requiring respectively a first and second minimum period of time to be performed within their respective commitment windows, comprising:

a working window data structure determinator for establishing a first and second working window data structure with respect to said first resource, said first and second working window data structures representing the periods of time within which said first resource is to perform each respective task, said first and second working window data structures having a period of time within the commitment windows for their respective task, said first and second working window data structures containing the minimum task period for their respective task;

a commitment level determinator having access to said first and second working window data structures for determining a varying commitment level over the respective working window data structure for each task with respect to said first resource, each of said commitment levels varying due to the respective working window data structure and the respective minimum task period of each task for said first resource; and

a committor having access to said determined commitment levels for committing said first resource to said first and second tasks based upon said determined commitment levels for said first resource, said first and second tasks having overlapping commitment windows.

4. The Apparatus of claim 3 wherein said commitment levels for each said task is based upon the ratio between the respective said minimum periods of time and the respective working window data structures of each said task.

5. The Apparatus of claim 3 further comprising:

a total commitment determinator connected to said commitment level determinator and to said committor for determining within each said working window data structure of said first resource the total commitment level based upon said determined commitment levels of said first resource.

6. The Apparatus of claim 5 wherein at least a portion of said total commitment level which is within the time interval of said first working window data structure is above a predetermined threshold, each of said working window data structures having a beginning and ending time value, said beginning time value representing the earliest starting time which said first resource is committed to perform a task, said ending time value representing the latest time value which said first resource is committed to perform a task, said apparatus further comprising:

a working window adjuster connected to said total commitment determinator for adjusting the beginning and ending time values of said first and second working window data structures for lowering the total commitment level for the time period which exceeded the predetermined threshold for said first working window data structure, said beginning and ending time values of said adjusted first and second working window data structures being within their respective commitment windows, said first resource committing to perform said first and second task when the lowered total commitment level for the time period which is within the time interval of said first working window data structure is below said predetermined threshold.

7. The Apparatus of claim 5 further comprising:

a cost determinator connected to said total commitment determinator for determining a cost for said first resource to commit to said first task based upon said determined total commitment level for said first working window data structure.

8. The Apparatus of claim 7 wherein a second resource is able to commit to said first task, said second resource having a third working window data structure within which to perform said first task, said third working window data structure having a total commitment level, said first and second resources having a cost to commit to said first task, said apparatus further comprising:

a broker for determining which of said resources is to perform said first task based upon costs of said resources to commit to said first task.

9. The Apparatus of claim 8 further comprising:

a reneger connected to said commitment determinator for reneging a commitment by said first resource to perform said first task, said reneging based upon a cost for said first resource to renege said first task, said cost to renege said first task being based upon the cost to reallocate said first task to another resource.

10. The Apparatus of claim 9 further comprising:

a communicator connected to said reneger for communicating to said second resource from said first resource for said second resource to commit to said reneged commitment.

11. The Apparatus of claim 10 wherein said broker and said first and second tasks and said first and second resources are computerized software agents.

12. A Method for determining whether to commit a first resource to perform a first and second task, said first and second tasks respectively having a first and second predetermined commitment window, said first and second commitment windows being the periods of time within which their respective task is to be performed, said first commitment window overlapping with said second commitment window, said first and second tasks requiring respectively a first and second minimum period of time to be performed within their respective commitment windows, comprising the steps of:

determining a first and second working window with respect to said first resource, said first and second working windows being the periods of time within which said first resource is to perform each respective task, said first and second working windows having a period of time within the commitment windows for their respective task, said first and second working windows containing the minimum task period for their respective task;

determining a varying commitment level which varies over the respective working window for each task with respect to said first resource, each of said commitment levels being respectively based upon the working window and upon said minimum task period of each task for said first resource; and

committing said first resource to said first and second tasks based upon said determined commitment levels for said first resource, said first and second tasks having overlapping commitment windows.

13. The Method of claim 12 further comprising the step of:

determining said commitment levels for each said task based upon the ratio between the respective said minimum periods of time and the respective working windows of each said task.

14. The Method of claim 13 further comprising the further step of:

determining within each said working window of said first resource the total commitment level based upon said determined commitment levels of said first resource.

15. The Method of claim 14 wherein at least a portion of said total commitment level which is within the time interval of said first working window is above a predetermined threshold, each of said working windows having a beginning and ending time value, said beginning time value representing the earliest starting time which said first resource is committed to perform a task, said ending time value representing the latest time value which said first resource is committed to perform a task, said method further comprising the step of:

adjusting the beginning and ending time values of said first and second working windows for lowering the total commitment level for the time period which exceeded the predetermined threshold for said first working window, said beginning and ending time values of said adjusted first and second working windows being within their respective commitment windows, said first resource committing to perform said first and second task when the lowered total commitment level for the time period which is within the time interval of said first working window is below said predetermined threshold.

16. The Method of claim 15 further comprising the step of:

determining a cost for said first resource to commit to said first task based upon said determined total commitment level for said first working window.

17. The Method of claim 16 wherein a second resource is able to commit to said first task, said second resource having a third working window within which to perform said first task, said third working window having a total commitment level, said resource having a cost to commit to said first task, said Method further comprising the step of:

determining which of said resources is to perform said first task based upon costs of said resources to commit to said first task.

18. The Method of claim 17 further comprising the step of:

reneging a commitment by said first resource to perform said first task, said reneging based upon a cost for said first resource to renege said first task, said cost to renege said first task being based upon the cost to reallocate said first task to another resource.

19. The Method of claim 18 further comprising the step of:

communicating to said second resource for said second resource to commit to said reneged commitment.

20. The Method of claim 19 further comprising the step of:

determining a cost for said second resource to commit to said reneged commitment based upon the commitment level for said second resource to commit to said reneged commitment.