Method and apparatus enabling enhanced throughput efficiency by use of dynamically adjustable mini-slots in access protocols for shared transmission media

• US 5,953,344 A
• Filed: 12/10/1996
• Issued: 09/14/1999
• Est. Priority Date: 04/30/1996
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Lucent Technologies, Inc. (Nokia Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Lucent Technologies, Inc. (Nokia Corporation)
• Inventors: Dail, James E., Magill, Peter D., Li, Chia-Chang, Sriram, Kotikalapudi
• Primary Examiner(s): MARCELO, MELVIN C
• Application Number:
  US08/762,789
• Time in Patent Office: 1,008 Days
• Field of Search: 370/395, 370/443, 370/461, 370/465, 370/468
• US Class Current: 370/443
• CPC Class Codes: H04J 2203/0069 Channel allocation
• CPC Class Codes: H04J 3/1694 Allocation of channels in TDM/TDMA networks, e.g. distributed multiplexers Passive Optical Networks H04Q11/0062
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 12/6418 Hybrid transport
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 2012/5605 Fibre
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 2012/5606 Metallic
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 2012/561 Star, e.g. cross-connect, concentrator, subscriber group equipment, remote electronics
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 2012/5632 Bandwidth allocation
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 2012/6427 Subscriber Access Module; Concentrator; Group equipment
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 2012/6456 Channel and bandwidth allocation
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 21/2221 being a cable television head-end CATV in broadcast systems H04H20/78
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 21/2381 Adapting the multiplex stream to a specific network, e.g. an Internet Protocol [IP] network transmission of MPEG streams over ATM H04L12/5601
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 21/2385 Channel allocation H04N21/266 takes precedence; Bandwidth allocation H04N21/24 takes precedence ; allocation of channels according to the instantaneous demands of the users in time-division multiplex systems H04J3/1682; admission control, resource allocation in open networks H04L12/5692; arrangements for maintenance or administration in data switching networks involving bandwidth and capacity management H04L41/0896; negotiating bandwidth in wireless networks H04W28/16
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 21/239 Interfacing the upstream path of the transmission network, e.g. prioritizing client content requests hybrid fiber coaxial [HFC] networks for upstream channel allocation for video distribution H04L12/2801; flow control in data networks H04L47/10; real-time communication protocols in data switching networks H04L65/00; scheduling or organising the servicing of application requests H04L67/60
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 21/6118 involving cable transmission, e.g. using a cable modem
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 21/64307 ATM
• CPC Class Codes: H04Q 11/0478 Provisions for broadband connections

Abstract

A head-end dynamically allocates bandwidth of a communications channel as a function of the type of communications traffic. In particular, the head-end communicates to subscriber stations via a broadband cable network using an access protocol, which is modified to provide a variable number of mini-slots and a variable number of data slots in each frame. Each mini-slot is used to request assignment of a data slot(s) to subscriber stations for the communication of information and, also, as a vehicle to resolve contention between subscriber stations. The head-end dynamically adjusts the number of mini-slots over a period time as a function of the type of communications traffic, e.g., bursty and isochronous traffic sources. Any variation in the number of mini-slots concomitantly effects the number of data slots available to communicate information. For example, less mini-slots provides more data slots. As a result, the dynamic adjustment of the number of mini-slots allows the head-end to more efficiently allocate bandwidth on the communications channel.

Claims

1. An improved method for use in the transport of different types of information via an access protocol, the access protocol defining a time frame that includes a plurality of data time slots for transporting the different types of information;

the improvement comprising the step of;

using a number of the data time slots in each time frame for conveying transmission requests via mini-slots in each of the number of data time slots; and

varying the number of data slots in future time frames that are used for conveying transmission requests as a function of a priori knowledge of multi-cell message size distribution.

2. An improved method for use in the transport of different types of information via an access protocol, the access protocol defining a time frame that includes a plurality of data time slots for transporting the different types of information;

the improvement comprising the step of;

using a number of the data time slots in each time frame for conveying transmission requests via mini-slots in each of the number of data time slots; and

varying the number of data slots in future time frames that are used for conveying transmission requests as a function of the different types of information conveyed in at least one previous time-frame.

3. A method of allocating transmission bandwidth among multiple stations interconnected with a common controller via a transmission medium having a multiple access upstream channel, said method comprising the steps of:

dividing time in said upstream channel on said transmission medium into a series of successive time frames;

dividing each of said time frames into at least one region comprising more than one data time slot; and

allocating, in each of said time frames, a number, n, of said data time slots to carry mini-slots wherein each such allocated data time slot is further divided into a number of smaller time slots, each smaller time slot being a mini-slot, and where n is greater than 0;

wherein the allocating step includes the steps of

characterizing said upstream traffic into a plurality of different types, said different types including at least a short message type; and

adjusting said number n in a time frame as a function of a number of messages of short message type occurring in at least one previous time frame.

4. A method of allocating transmission bandwidth among multiple stations interconnected with a common controller via a transmission medium having a multiple access upstream channel, said method comprising the steps of:

dividing time in said upstream channel on said transmission medium into a series of successive time frames;

dividing each of said time frames into at least one region comprising more than one data time slot; and

allocating, in each of said time frames, a number, n, of said data time slots to carry mini-slots wherein each such allocated data time slot is further divided into a number of smaller time slots, each smaller time slot being a mini-slot, and where n is greater than 0;

wherein the allocating step includes the steps of

characterizing said upstream traffic into a plurality of different types, said different types including at least a long message type; and

adjusting said number n in a time frame as a function of a number of message of long message type occurring in at least one previous time frame.

5. A method of allocating transmission bandwidth among multiple stations interconnected with a common controller via a transmission medium having a multiple access upstream channel, said method comprising the steps of:

dividing time in said upstream channel on said transmission medium into a series of successive time frames;

dividing each of said time frames into at least one region comprising more than one data time slot; and

allocating, in each of said time frames, a number, n, of said data time slots to carry mini-slots wherein each such allocated data time slot is further divided into a number of smaller time slots, each smaller time slot being a mini-slot, and where n is greater than 0;

wherein the allocating step includes the steps of

characterizing said upstream traffic into a plurality of different types, said different types including at least a contention message type; and

adjusting said number n in a time frame as a function of a number of messages of contention message type occurring in at least one previous time frame.

6. A method of allocating transmission bandwidth among multiple stations interconnected with a common controller via a transmission medium having a multiple access upstream channel, said method comprising the steps of:

dividing time in said upstream channel on said transmission medium into a series of successive time frames;

dividing each of said time frames into at least one region comprising more than one data time slot; and

allocating, in each of said time frames, a number, n, of said data time slots to carry mini-slots wherein each such allocated data time slot is further divided into a number of smaller time slots, each smaller time slot being a mini-slot, and where n is greater than 0;

wherein the allocating step includes the steps of

characterizing said upstream traffic into a plurality of different types, said different types including at least a reservation message type; and

adjusting said number n in a time frame as a function of a number of messages of reservation message type occurring in at least one previous time frame.

7. A method of allocating transmission bandwidth among multiple stations interconnected with a common controller via a transmission medium having a multiple access upstream channel, said method comprising the steps of:

dividing time in said upstream channel on said transmission medium into a series of successive time frames;

dividing each of said time frames into at least one region comprising more than one data time slot; and

allocating, in each of said time frames, a number, n, of said data time slots to carry mini-slots wherein each such allocated data time slot is further divided into a number of smaller time slots, each smaller time slot being a mini-slot, and where n is greater than 0;

wherein the allocating step includes the steps of

characterizing said upstream traffic into a plurality of different types, said different types including at least a delay tolerant message type; and

adjusting said number n in a time frame as a function of a number of messages of delay tolerant message type occurring in at least one previous time frame.

8. A method of allocating transmission bandwidth among multiple stations interconnected with a common controller via a transmission medium having a multiple access upstream channel, said method comprising the steps of:

dividing time in said upstream channel on said transmission medium into a series of successive time frames;

dividing each of said time frames into at least one region comprising more than one data time slot; and

allocating, in each of said time frames, a number, n, of said data time slots to carry mini-slots wherein each such allocated data time slot is further divided into a number of smaller time slots, each smaller time slot being a mini-slot, and where n is greater than 0;

wherein the allocating step includes the steps of

characterizing said upstream traffic into a plurality of different types, said different types including at least a delay sensitive message type; and

adjusting said number n in a time frame as a function of a number of messages of delay sensitive message type occurring in at least one previous time frame.

9. A method of allocating transmission bandwidth among multiple stations handling ATM calls, said stations being interconnected with a common controller via a transmission medium having a multiple access upstream channel, said method comprising the steps of:

dividing time in said upstream channel on said transmission medium into a series of successive time frames;

dividing each of said time frames into a plurality of time slots, N; and

allocating a portion, n, of the N time slots to convey transmission requests, the remaining portion N-n of the time slots available for transporting a traffic mix of different types of information;

wherein the allocating step allocates the portion, n, as a function of the traffic mix in at least one previous time frame.

10. An improved head-end for use in the transport of different types of information via an access protocol, the access protocol defining a time frame that includes a plurality of data time slots for transporting the different types of information, the improved head-end comprising:

a controller that allocates a number, n, of the data time slots in each time frame for conveying transmission requests via mini-slots in each of the number of data time slots, n;

wherein the controller allocates the number n as a function of the different types of information conveyed in at least one previous time-frame.

11. An improved head-end for use in the transport of different types of information via an access protocol, the access protocol defining a time frame that includes a plurality of data time slots for transporting the different types of information;

the improved head-end comprising;

a controller that a) uses a number, n, of the data time slots in a received time frame for receiving transmission requests via mini-slots in each of the number, n, of data time slots, and b) dynamically changes the number of data slots, n, used in a next time frame as a function of the different types of information conveyed in at least one previous time-frame.

12. A broadband network comprising:

a plurality of multiple stations coupled to the broadband network for communicating via an access protocol, the access protocol defining a plurality of time frames, each time frame divided into a plurality, N, of data time slots such that n of the N data time slots are used by the multiple stations for requesting transmission where each such n data time slot is divided into a plurality of smaller time slots, each smaller time slot being capable of conveying one such transmission request; and

a head-end that controls the allocation of the n data time slots in a time frame as a function of upstream traffic over a period of time

wherein the head-end a) characterizes said upstream traffic into a plurality of different types, said different types including at least a short message type, and b) adjusts said number n in a next time frame as a function of a number of messages of short message types occurring in at least one previous time frame.

13. A broadband network comprising:

a plurality of multiple stations coupled to the broadband network for communicating via an access protocol, the access protocol defining a plurality of time frames, each time frame divided into a plurality, N, of data time slots such that n of the N data time slots are used by the multiple stations for requesting transmission where each such n data time slot is divided into a plurality of smaller time slots, each smaller time slot being capable of conveying one such transmission request; and

a head-end that controls the allocation of the n data time slots in a time frame as a function of upstream traffic over a period of time

wherein the head-end a) characterizes said upstream traffic into a plurality of different types, said different types including at least a long message type, and b) adjusts said number n in a next time frame as a function of a number of messages of long message type occurring in at least one previous time frame.

14. A broadband network comprising:

a plurality of multiple stations coupled to the broadband network for communicating via an access protocol, the access protocol defining a plurality of time frames, each time frame divided into a plurality, N, of data time slots such that n of the N data time slots are used by the multiple stations for requesting transmission where each such n data time slot is divided into a plurality of smaller time slots, each smaller time slot being capable of conveying one such transmission request; and

a head-end that controls the allocation of the n data time slots in a time frame as a function of upstream traffic over a period of time

wherein the head-end a) characterizes said upstream traffic into a plurality of different types, said different types including at least a contention message type, and b) adjusts said number n in a next time frame as a function of a number of messages of contention message type occurring in at least one previous time frame.

15. A broadband network comprising:

a plurality of multiple stations coupled to the broadband network for communicating via an access protocol, the access protocol defining a plurality of time frames, each time frame divided into a plurality, N, of data time slots such that n of the N data time slots are used by the multiple stations for requesting transmission where each such n data time slot is divided into a plurality of smaller time slots, each smaller time slot being capable of conveying one such transmission request; and

a head-end that controls the allocation of the n data time slots in a time frame as a function of upstream traffic over a period of time

wherein the head-end a) characterizes said upstream traffic into a plurality of different types, said different types including at least a reservation message type, and b) adjusts said number n in a next time frame as a function of a number of messages of reservation message type occurring in at least one previous time frame.

16. A broadband network comprising:

a plurality of multiple stations coupled to the broadband network for communicating via an access protocol, the access protocol defining a plurality of time frames, each time frame divided into a plurality, N, of data time slots such that n of the N data time slots are used by the multiple stations for requesting transmission where each such n data time slot is divided into a plurality of smaller time slots, each smaller time slot being capable of conveying one such transmission request; and

a head-end that controls the allocation of the n data time slots in a time frame as a function of upstream traffic over a period of time

wherein the head-end a) characterizes said upstream traffic into a plurality of different types, said different types including at least a delay tolerant message type, b) adjusts said number n in a next time frame as a function of a number of messages of delay tolerant message type occurring in at least one previous time frame.

17. A broadband network comprising:

a plurality of multiple stations coupled to the broadband network for communicating via an access protocol, the access protocol defining a plurality of time frames, each time frame divided into a plurality, N, of data time slots such that n of the N data time slots are used by the multiple stations for requesting transmission where each such n data time slot is divided into a plurality of smaller time slots, each smaller time slot being capable of conveying one such transmission request; and

a head-end that controls the allocation of the n data time slots in a time frame as a function of upstream traffic over a period of time

wherein the head-end a) characterizes said upstream traffic into a plurality of different types, said different types including at least a delay sensitive message type, and b) adjusts said number n in a next time frame as a function of a number of message of delay sensitive message type occurring in at least one previous time frame.

18. A head end apparatus for use in a broadband network, the head end comprising:

receiving circuitry for receiving a signal representing a sequence of time frames, each time frame comprising a plurality, N, of data time slots, where n of the data time slots are further divided into smaller time slots, each such smaller time slot capable of conveying a transmission request from any one of a number of downstream stations; and

controller circuitry for adjusting the number n as a function of upstream traffic communicated from the downstream stations over a period of time

wherein the controller circuitry adjusts the number n as a function of upstream traffic by determining a number of messages of short message type occurring in at least one previous time frame and adjusting the number n as a function thereof.

19. A head end apparatus for use in a broadband network, the head end comprising:

receiving circuitry for receiving a signal representing a sequence of time frames, each time frame comprising a plurality, N, of data time slots, where n of the data time slots are further divided into smaller time slots, each such smaller time slot capable of conveying a transmission request from any one of a number of downstream stations; and

controller circuitry for adjusting the number n as a function of upstream traffic communicated from the downstream stations over a period of time

wherein the controller circuitry adjusts the number n as a function of upstream traffic by determining a number of messages of long message type occurring in at least one previous time frame and adjusting the number n as a function thereof.

20. A head end apparatus for use in a broadband network, the head end comprising:

receiving circuitry for receiving a signal representing a sequence of time frames, each time frame comprising a plurality, N, of data time slots, where n of the data time slots are further divided into smaller time slots, each such smaller time slot capable of conveying a transmission request from any one of a number of downstream stations; and

controller circuitry for adjusting the number n as a function of upstream traffic communicated from the downstream stations over a period of time

wherein the controller circuitry adjusts the number n as a function of upstream traffic by determining a number of messages of contention message type occurring in at least one previous time frame and adjusting the number n as a function thereof.

21. A head end apparatus for use in a broadband network, the head end comprising:

receiving circuitry for receiving a signal representing a sequence of time frames, each time frame comprising a plurality, N, of data time slots, where n of the data time slots are further divided into smaller time slots, each such smaller time slot capable of conveying a transmission request from any one of a number of downstream stations; and

controller circuitry for adjusting the number n as a function of upstream traffic communicated from the downstream stations over a period of time

wherein the controller circuitry adjusts the number n as a function of upstream traffic by determining a number of messages of reservation message type occurring in at least one previous time frame and adjusting the number n as a function thereof.

22. A head end apparatus for use in a broadband network, the head end comprising:

receiving circuitry for receiving a signal representing a sequence of time frames, each time frame comprising a plurality, N, of data time slots, where n of the data time slots are further divided into smaller time slots, each such smaller time slot capable of conveying a transmission request from any one of a number of downstream stations; and

controller circuitry for adjusting the number n as a function of upstream traffic communicated from the downstream stations over a period of time

wherein the controller circuitry adjusts the number n as a function of upstream traffic by determining a number of messages of delay tolerant message type occurring in at least one previous time frame and adjusting the number n as a function thereof.

23. A head end apparatus for use in a broadband network, the head end comprising:

receiving circuitry for receiving a signal representing a sequence of time frames, each time frame comprising a plurality, N, of data time slots, where n of the data time slots are further divided into smaller time slots, each such smaller time slot capable of conveying a transmission request from any one of a number of downstream stations; and

controller circuitry for adjusting the number n as a function of upstream traffic communicated from the downstream stations over a period of time

wherein the controller circuitry adjusts the number n as a function of upstream traffic by determining a number of message of delay sensitive message type occurring in at least one previous time frame and adjusting the number n as a function thereof.