Fingerprint sensor having spoof reduction features and related methods

• US 5,953,441 A
• Filed: 05/16/1997
• Issued: 09/14/1999
• Est. Priority Date: 05/16/1997
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Apple Inc.
• Original Assignee: Harris Corporation (L3Harris Technologies, Inc.)
• Inventors: Setlak, Dale R.
• Primary Examiner(s): Boudreau, Leo H.
• Assistant Examiner(s): MEHTA, BHAVESH M
• Application Number:
  US08/857,539
• Time in Patent Office: 851 Days
• Field of Search: 382/115-116, 382/124-127, 382/312, 340/825.31, 340/825.3, 340/825.32, 340/825.34, 902/3-6, 356/71, 235/380, 235/382, 235/382.5, 283/68-69, 250/227.2, 250/227.26, 324/662, 324/663, 324/671, 324/683, 324/686, 73/862.046, 73/862.326, 73/862.337, 73/862.621-862.629, 345/173-174
• US Class Current: 340/5.83
• CPC Class Codes: G01B 7/004 for measuring coordinates of points
• CPC Class Codes: G01B 7/287 using a plurality of fixed, simultaneously operating transducers G01B7/293 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G01B 7/34 for measuring roughness or irregularity of surfaces
• CPC Class Codes: G06V 40/1306 non-optical, e.g. ultrasonic or capacitive sensing
• CPC Class Codes: G06V 40/1382 Detecting the live character of the finger, i.e. distinguishing from a fake or cadaver finger

Abstract

A fingerprint sensor includes an array of impedance sensing elements for generating signals related to an object positioned adjacent thereto, and a spoof reducing circuit for determining whether or not an impedance of the object positioned adjacent the array of impedance sensing elements corresponds to a live finger to thereby reduce spoofing of the fingerprint sensor by an object other than a live finger. A spoofing may be indicated and/or used to block further processing. In one embodiment, the spoof reducing circuit may detect a complex impedance having a phase angle in a range of about 10 to 60 degrees corresponding to a live finger. Alternately, the spoof reducing circuit may detect an impedance having a phase angle of about 0 degrees or 90 degrees corresponding to some objects other than a live finger. The fingerprint sensor may preferably include a drive circuit for driving the array of impedance sensing elements, and a synchronous demodulator for synchronously demodulating signals from the array of impedance sensing elements. Accordingly, in one particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention, the spoof reducing circuit may operate the synchronous demodulator at least one predetermined phase rotation angle. More preferably, the spoof reducing circuit may cooperate with the synchronous demodulator for synchronously demodulating signals at first and second phase angles and generating an amplitude ratio thereof, and may also compare the amplitude ratio to a predetermined threshold.

Claims

1. A fingerprint sensor comprising:

an array of impedance sensing elements for generating signals related to an object positioned adjacent thereto; and

spoof reducing means for determining whether or not an impedance of the object positioned adjacent said array of impedance sensing elements corresponds to a live finger to thereby reduce spoofing of the fingerprint sensor by an object other than a live finger;

said spoof reducing means comprising a complex impedance detector for detecting a complex impedance having a phase angle in a range corresponding to a live finger.

2. A fingerprint sensor according to claim 1 wherein said spoof reducing means further comprises indicating means for indicating whether or not the impedance corresponds to a live finger.

3. A fingerprint sensor according to claim 1 wherein said spoof reducing means further comprises blocking means for blocking further processing of signals from said array of impedance sensing elements based upon determining that the impedance corresponds to an object other than a live finger.

4. A fingerprint sensor according to claim 1 wherein said complex impedance detector detects a complex impedance having a phase angle in a range of about 10 to 60 degrees corresponding to a live finger.

5. A fingerprint sensor according to claim 1 wherein said spoof reducing means comprises means for detecting an impedance having a phase angle of about 0 degrees corresponding to some objects other than a live finger.

6. A fingerprint sensor according to claim 1 wherein said spoof reducing means comprises means for detecting an impedance having a phase angle of about 90 degrees corresponding to some objects other than a live finger.

7. A fingerprint sensor according to claim 1 further comprising:

drive means for driving said array of impedance sensing elements; and

synchronous demodulator means cooperating with said drive means for synchronously demodulating signals from said array of impedance sensing elements.

8. A fingerprint sensor according to claim 7 wherein said spoof reducing means comprises means for operating said synchronous demodulator means at at least one predetermined phase rotation angle.

9. A fingerprint sensor according to claim 7 wherein said spoof reducing means comprises:

ratio generating means cooperating with said synchronous demodulator means for synchronously demodulating signals at first and second phase angles and generating an amplitude ratio thereof; and

ratio comparing means for comparing the amplitude ratio to a predetermined threshold.

10. A fingerprint sensor according to claim 9 wherein said ratio generating means comprises means for synchronously demodulating signals at first and second phase angles having a difference in a range of about 45 to 90 degrees and generating an amplitude ratio thereof.

11. A fingerprint sensor according to claim 1 wherein each of said impedance sensing elements comprises an electric field sensing electrode and an amplifier associated therewith.

12. A fingerprint sensor according to claim 11 further comprising a guard shield associated with each electric field sensing electrode and connected to a respective amplifier.

13. A fingerprint sensor comprising:

an array of electric field sensing electrodes for generating signals related to an object positioned adjacent thereto;

drive means for driving said array of electric field sensing electrodes;

synchronous demodulator means cooperating with said drive means for synchronously demodulating signals from said array of electric field sensing electrodes; and

spoof reducing means cooperating with said synchronous demodulator means for determining whether or not an impedance of the object positioned adjacent said array of electric field sensing electrodes corresponds to a live finger to thereby reduce spoofing of the fingerprint sensor by an object other than a live finger, said spoof reducing means comprising a complex impedance detector for detecting a complex impedance having a phase angle in a range corresponding to a live finger.

14. A fingerprint sensor according to claim 13 wherein said spoof reducing means further comprises indicating means for indicating whether or not the impedance corresponds to a live finger.

15. A fingerprint sensor according to claim 13 wherein said spoof reducing means further comprises blocking means for blocking further processing of signals from said array of electric field sensing electrodes based upon determining that the impedance corresponds to an object other than a live finger.

16. A fingerprint sensor according to claim 13 wherein said complex impedance detector detects a complex impedance having a phase angle in a range of about 10 to 60 degrees corresponding to a live finger.

17. A fingerprint sensor according to claim 13 wherein said spoof reducing means comprises means for detecting an impedance having a phase angle of about 0 degrees corresponding to some objects other than a live finger.

18. A fingerprint sensor according to claim 13 wherein said spoof reducing means comprises means for detecting an impedance having a phase angle of about 90 degrees corresponding to some objects other than a live finger.

19. A fingerprint sensor according to claim 13 wherein said spoof reducing means comprises means for operating said synchronous demodulator means at at least one predetermined phase rotation angle.

20. A fingerprint sensor according to claim 13 wherein said spoof reducing means comprises:

ratio generating means cooperating with said synchronous demodulator means for synchronously demodulating signals at first and second phase angles and generating an amplitude ratio thereof; and

ratio comparing means for comparing the amplitude ratio to a predetermined threshold.

21. A fingerprint sensor according to claim 20 wherein said ratio generating means comprises means for synchronously demodulating signals at first and second phase angle having a difference in a range of about 45 to 90 degrees and generating an amplitude ratio thereof.

22. A fingerprint sensor according to claim 13 further comprising an amplifier associated with each electric field sensing electrode.

23. A fingerprint sensor according to claim 22 further comprising a guard shield associated with each electric field sensing electrode and connected to a respective amplifier.

24. A method for reducing spoofing of a fingerprint sensor of type comprising an array of impedance sensing elements, the method comprising the steps of:

generating signals related to an object positioned adjacent the array of impedance sensing elements; and

determining whether or not an impedance of the object positioned adjacent the array of impedance sensing elements corresponds to a live finger by detecting a complex impedance having a phase angle in a range corresponding to a live finger to thereby reduce spoofing of the fingerprint sensor by an object other than a live finger.

25. A method according to claim 24 further comprising indicating whether or not the impedance corresponds to a live finger.

26. A method according to claim 24 further comprising the step of blocking further processing of signals from the array of impedance sensing elements based upon determining that the impedance corresponds to an object other than a live finger.

27. A method according to claim 24 wherein the step of detecting comprises detecting a complex impedance having a phase angle in a range of about 10 to 60 degrees corresponding to a live finger.

28. A method according to claim 24 wherein the step of determining comprises detecting an impedance having a phase angle of about 0 degrees corresponding to some objects other than a live finger.

29. A method according to claim 24 wherein the step of determining comprises detecting an impedance having a phase angle of about 90 degrees corresponding to some objects other than a live finger.

30. A method according to claim 24 wherein the step of generating further comprises:

driving the array of impedance sensing elements; and

synchronously demodulating signals from the array of impedance sensing elements.

31. A method according to claim 30 wherein the determining step comprises synchronously demodulating at at least one predetermined phase rotation angle.

32. A method according to claim 30 wherein the determining step comprises:

synchronously demodulating signals at first and second phase angles and generating an amplitude ratio thereof; and

comparing the amplitude ratio to a predetermined threshold.

33. A method according to claim 30 wherein the step of synchronously demodulating signals comprises synchronously demodulating signals at first and second angles having a difference in a range of about 45 to 90 degrees and generating an amplitude ratio thereof.

34. A fingerprint sensor comprising:

an array of impedance sensing elements for generating signals related to an object positioned adjacent thereto; and

spoof reducing means for determining whether or not an impedance of the object positioned adjacent said array of impedance sensing elements corresponds to a live finger to thereby reduce spoofing of the fingerprint sensor by an object other than a live finger, said spoof reducing means comprising a detector for detecting an impedance having a phase angle of at least one of about 0 degrees and 90 degrees corresponding to some objects other than a live finger.

35. A fingerprint sensor according to claim 34 wherein said spoof reducing means further comprises indicating means for indicating whether or not the impedance corresponds to a live finger.

36. A fingerprint sensor according to claim 34 wherein said spoof reducing means further comprises blocking means for blocking further processing of signals from said array of impedance sensing elements based upon determining the impedance corresponds to an object other than a live finger.

37. A fingerprint sensor according to claim 34 further comprising:

drive means for driving said array of impedance sensing elements; and

synchronous demodulator means cooperating with said drive means for synchronously demodulating signals from said array of impedance sensing elements.

38. A fingerprint sensor according to claim 37 wherein said spoof reducing means comprises means for operating said synchronous demodulator means at at least one predetermined phase rotation angle.

39. A fingerprint sensor according to claim 37 wherein said spoof reducing means comprises:

ratio generating means cooperating with said synchronous demodulator means for synchronously demodulating signals at first and second phase angles and generating an amplitude ratio thereof; and

ratio comparing means for comparing the amplitude ratio to a predetermined threshold.

40. A fingerprint sensor according to claim 34 wherein each of said impedance sensing elements comprises an electric field sensing electrode and an amplifier associated therewith.

41. A fingerprint sensor according to claim 40 further comprising a guard shield associated with each electric field sensing electrode and connected to a respective amplifier.