Heating, cooling, and dehumidifying system with energy recovery

• US 5,953,926 A
• Filed: 08/05/1997
• Issued: 09/21/1999
• Est. Priority Date: 08/05/1997
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Tennessee Valley Authority (Government of the United States of America), Lane D. Brown, Michael J. Housh, Robert G Walker, Tennessee Valley Authority of The United States, William E. Dressler
• Original Assignee: Tennessee Valley Authority (Government of the United States of America)
• Inventors: Walker, Robert G., Brown, Lane D., Dressler, William E., Housh, Michael J.
• Primary Examiner(s): Tanner, Harry B.
• Application Number:
  US08/906,771
• Time in Patent Office: 777 Days
• Field of Search: 62/175, 62/90, 62/280, 62/160, 62/93, 62/95, 62/173, 236/44 R, 236/44 A, 236/44 C, 165/222, 165/223
• US Class Current: 62/175
• CPC Class Codes: F24F 3/147 with both heat and humidity transfer between supplied and exhausted air
• CPC Class Codes: F25B 13/00 Compression machines, plants or systems, with reversible cycle defrosting cycles F25B47/02
• CPC Class Codes: F25B 2400/06 Several compression cycles arranged in parallel
• CPC Class Codes: F25B 2400/22 Refrigeration systems for supermarkets
• CPC Class Codes: F25B 40/04 Desuperheaters

Abstract

An improved heating and cooling system is provided which also includes dehumidification and energy recovery capability. The system includes two or more heat pump circuits operating singly or in concert to provide heating, singly or in concert in reverse to provide cooling, or concurrently but oppositely to provide dehumidification only, dehumidification concurrently with heating, or dehumidification concurrently with cooling. The system is adapted to include desuperheaters while being simultaneously providing heating, cooling, or dehumidification.

Claims

1. A heating, cooling, and dehumidifying system, comprising at least two heat pump circuits, each of which is connected in thermal transfer communication between two different respective media and includes:

a) structure to provide a circuit heating mode wherein thermal energy is transferred from a first one to the second one of the two different respective media; and

b) structure to provide a circuit cooling mode wherein thermal energy is transferred from the second one to the first one of the two different respective media; and

wherein said system includes;

c) structure to provide a combination heating mode wherein each of one or more of said at least two heat pump circuits is connected in thermal transfer communication with the same media and operated in its respective circuit heating mode relative to said same media;

d) structure to provide a combination cooling mode wherein each of one or more of said at least two heat pump circuits is connected in thermal transfer communication with the same media and operated in its respective circuit cooling mode relative to said same media; and

e) structure to provide a dehumidifying mode wherein at least two of said at least two heat pump circuits are connected in thermal transfer communication with the same media, at least one of said at least two heat pump circuits being operable in its respective circuit heating mode and at least another of said at least two heat pump circuits being operable in its respective circuit cooling mode relative to said same media.

2. The system according to claim 1 wherein said dehumidifying mode structure is further structured to remove humidity from at least one of said two different media.

3. The system according to claim 2, further comprising a control mechanism structured to automatically and selectively control each of said heat pump circuits in either of its respective circuit heating and cooling modes.

4. The system according to claim 3, further including an energy recovery mechanism structured to transfer energy to and from each of said two different media.

5. The system according to claim 4, wherein said control mechanism is further structured to also automatically and selectively control said energy recovery mechanism.

6. The system according to claim 3, wherein said control mechanism is further structured to also automatically and selectively control said dehumidifying mode structure.

7. The system according to claim 3, wherein said dehumidifying mode structure includes said control mechanism being further structured to simultaneously operate one of said at least two heat pump circuits in its respective circuit cooling mode and another of said at least two heat pump circuits in its respective circuit heating mode.

8. The system according to claim 3, wherein said dehumidifying mode structure includes said control mechanism being further structured to simultaneously operate one of said at least two heat pump circuits in its respective circuit heating mode and another of said at least two heat pump circuits in its respective circuit cooling mode.

9. The system according to claim 3, further including:

a) at least one of said at least two heat pump circuits having a refrigerant compression device; and

b) said control mechanism including at least one refrigerant pressure mechanism structured to control the refrigerant pressure provided by said refrigerant compression device in respective said at least one of said at least two heat pump circuits.

10. The system according to claim 9, wherein said refrigerant pressure mechanism includes a hot gas bypass valve.

11. The system according to claim 3, wherein said control mechanism includes:

a) a first reversing valve for converting one of said at least two heat pump circuits to and from respective said circuit heating mode and respective said circuit cooling mode; and

b) a second reversing valve for converting another of said at least two heat pump circuits to and from respective said circuit heating mode and respective said circuit cooling mode.

12. The system according to claim 1, wherein said dehumidifying mode structure includes a condensate dissipation mechanism.

13. The system according to claim 12, wherein said condensate dissipation mechanism includes:

a) a drip pan;

b) a dissipater positioned in at least one of said two different media; and

c) a pump and conduit arrangement interconnecting said drip pan and said dissipater.

14. The system according to claim 1, wherein said dehumidifying mode structure includes a dehumidification device structured to absorb moisture from one of said two different media and release that moisture to the other of said two different media.

15. The system according to claim 14, wherein said dehumidification device includes a rotating desiccant wheel device.

16. The system according to claim 1, further including an energy recovery mechanism structured to transfer energy to and from each of said two different media.

17. The system according to claim 16, wherein said energy recovery mechanism includes:

a) a first auxiliary heat exchanger in thermal transfer communication with one of said two different media; and

b) a second auxiliary heat exchanger in thermal transfer communication with the other of said two different media; and

wherein said first and second auxiliary heat exchangers are interconnected such that thermal energy is automatically transferred from the hotter of said two different media to the cooler of said two different media.

18. The system according to claim 17, wherein said first and second auxiliary heat exchangers comprise conductive heat exchangers.

19. The system according to claim 17, wherein said first and second auxiliary heat exchangers comprise run-around liquid heat exchangers.

20. The system according to claim 17, wherein said first and second auxiliary heat exchangers comprise expanded plate heat exchangers.

21. The system according to claim 17, wherein said first and second auxiliary heat exchangers comprise heat pipe heat exchangers.

22. The system according to claim 1, further including at least one desuperheater connected to at least one of said at least two heat pump circuits.

23. The system according to claim 22, including at least one valve mechanism adapted to selectively bypass said at least one desuperheater.

24. The system according to claim 1, further including at least one of said at least two heat pump circuits having at least one metering mechanism.

25. The system according to claim 24, including at least one refrigerant bypass mechanism adapted to selectively bypass said at least one metering mechanism.

26. The system according to claim 25, wherein each said at least one refrigerant bypass mechanism includes a pressure regulator and a check valve connected in bypass arrangement about said at least one metering mechanism.

27. The system according to claim 1, further including at least one of said at least two heat pump circuits having a pressure regulating valve.

28. The system according to claim 1, wherein said at least two heat pump circuits include independent refrigerant flow passages through a combination heat exchanger in thermal transfer communication with one of said two different media.

29. The system according to claim 1, wherein at least one of said at least two heat pump circuits includes a muffler.

30. The system according to claim 1, further including at least one auxiliary heater spaced within one or both of said two different media.

31. The system according to claim 1, wherein at least one of said at least two heat pump circuits each includes a refrigerant storage device structured to separate and store excess liquid refrigerant therein.

32. The system according to claim 1, wherein, as said system assumes said dehumidifying mode, said at least one of said at least two heat pump circuits being operated in its respective circuit heating mode is structured to transfer thermal energy to said same media at a greater rate than said at least another of said at least two heat pump circuits being operated in its respective circuit cooling mode is structured to transfer thermal energy from said same media such that said same media is being concurrently dehumidified and heated.

33. The system according to claim 1, wherein, as said system assumes said dehumidifying mode, said at least one of said at least two heat pump circuits being operated in its respective circuit heating mode is structured to transfer thermal energy to said same media at a lesser rate than said at least another of said at least two heat pump circuits being operated in its respective circuit cooling mode is structured to transfer thermal energy from said same media such that said same media is being concurrently dehumidified and cooled.

34. The system according to claim 1, wherein, as said system assumes said dehumidifying mode, said at least one of said at least two heat pump circuits being operated in its respective circuit heating mode is structured to transfer thermal energy to said same media at substantially the same rate as said at least another of said at least two heat pump circuits being operated in its respective circuit cooling mode is structured to transfer thermal energy from said same media such that said same media is substantially being only dehumidified.

35. A system for dehumidifying a gaseous media by utilizing a second media, comprising:

a) a first heat pump circuit having;

1) a first transient load heat exchanger connected in thermal transfer communication with the gaseous media, and

2) a second transient load heat exchanger connected in thermal transfer communication with the second media,

wherein said first transient load heat exchanger is structured to absorb thermal energy from the gaseous media and transfer thermal energy to said second transient load heat exchanger; and

b) a second heat pump circuit having;

1) a third transient load heat exchanger connected in thermal transfer communication with the gaseous media, and

2) a fourth transient load heat exchanger connected in thermal transfer communication with the second media;

wherein said third transient load heat exchanger is structured to absorb thermal energy from the second media and transfer thermal energy to said fourth transient load heat exchanger.

36. The system according to claim 35, further comprising an energy recovery mechanism structured to transfer energy to and from the gaseous media and the second media.

37. The system according to claim 35, including a control mechanism structured to automatically and selectively control said first and second heat pump circuits.

38. A system for conditioning a first media by utilizing a second media, said system comprising:

a) a first heat pump circuit having;

1) a first transient load heat exchanger structured to selectively absorb thermal energy from and discharge thermal energy to the first media, and

2) a second transient load heat exchanger structured to selectively absorb thermal energy from and discharge thermal energy to the second media,

wherein said first transient load heat exchanger is structured to absorb thermal energy from the first media and transfer thermal energy to said second transient load heat exchanger as said first heat pump circuit operates in a first circuit cooling mode and said second transient load heat exchanger is structured to absorb thermal energy from the second media and transfer thermal energy to said first transient load heat exchanger as said first heat pump circuit operates in a first circuit heating mode;

b) a second heat pump circuit having;

1) a third transient load heat exchanger structured to selectively absorb thermal energy from and discharge thermal energy to the first media, and

2) a fourth transient load heat exchanger structured to selectively absorb thermal energy from and discharge thermal energy to the second media;

wherein said third transient load heat exchanger is structured to absorb thermal energy from the first media and transfer thermal energy to said fourth transient load heat exchanger as said second heat pump circuit operates in a second circuit cooling mode and said fourth transient load heat exchanger is structured to absorb thermal energy from the second media and transfer thermal energy to said third transient load heat exchanger as said second heat pump circuit operates in a second circuit heating mode;

c) a control mechanism structured to automatically and selectively control said first heat pump circuit in either of said first circuit heating and cooling modes and to selectively operate said second heat pump circuit in either of said second circuit heating and cooling modes; and

d) a dehumidifying mechanism structured to remove humidity from at least one of the first and second media, wherein said dehumidifying mechanism includes said control mechanism being structured to simultaneously operate said first heat pump circuit in said first circuit heating mode and said second heat pump circuit in said second circuit cooling mode.