Coal gasification and hydrogen production system and method

• US 5,955,039 A
• Filed: 12/19/1996
• Issued: 09/21/1999
• Est. Priority Date: 12/19/1996
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Siemens Energy Incorporated (Siemens AG)
• Original Assignee: Siemens Westinghouse Power Corporation
• Inventors: Dowdy, Thomas Elwood
• Primary Examiner(s): TRAN, HIEN THI
• Application Number:
  US08/775,702
• Time in Patent Office: 1,006 Days
• Field of Search: 423/210, 423/242.1, 423/648.1, 423/650, 429/30, 431/253, 60/39.02, 60/39.12, 60/39.52, 48/202, 48/210, 48/DIG. 5, 422/189, 422/190, 422/198, 422/199, 422/173, 422/168-171
• US Class Current: 48/61
• CPC Class Codes: C10J 2300/093 Coal
• CPC Class Codes: C10J 2300/0956 Air or oxygen enriched air
• CPC Class Codes: C10J 2300/1606 Combustion processes
• CPC Class Codes: C10J 2300/1646 integrated with a fuel cell gasification of solids in fuel cells H01M8/0643
• CPC Class Codes: C10J 2300/165 integrated with a gas turbine or gas motor gas turbine plants provided with a gas producer F02C3/28; engines using solid fuels F02B43/08
• CPC Class Codes: C10J 2300/1671 with the production of electricity
• CPC Class Codes: C10J 2300/1869 with one stream being air, oxygen or ozone
• CPC Class Codes: C10J 3/00 Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels destructive distillation processes C10B
• CPC Class Codes: C10J 3/723 Controlling or regulating the gasification process
• CPC Class Codes: C10K 1/002 Removal of contaminants
• CPC Class Codes: C10K 1/004 Sulfur containing contaminants, e.g. hydrogen sulfide
• CPC Class Codes: C10K 1/02 Dust removal
• CPC Class Codes: F02C 3/28 using a separate gas producer for gasifying the fuel before combustion
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 2008/1293 Fuel cells with solid oxide electrolytes
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 2300/0074 Ion conductive at high temperature
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/04014 Heat exchange using gaseous fluids; Heat exchange by combustion of reactants
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/04022 Heating by combustion
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/04089 of gaseous reactants
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/0625 in a modular combined reactor/fuel cell structure
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/0643 Gasification of solid fuel
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/0662 : Treatment of gaseous reactants or gaseous residues, e.g. cleaning
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/50 : Fuel cells
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 48/05 : Diffusion membrane for gas reaction or separation

Abstract

A system and method generates electricity and co-produces a hydrogen flow from coal. The electricity is generated by a turbine with a topping combustor and a solid oxide fuel cell ("SOFC") reacting syngas. The syngas is produced in a coal gasifier with a portion of the compressed air from the turbine, coal, and steam. Prior to the syngas being delivered to the topping combustor and the SOFC, it is cleaned and a portion of the hydrogen in the syngas is removed to form the hydrogen flow. Additionally, a vitiated air flow from the SOFC is directed to the topping combustor and another portion of the compressed air from the turbine directed to the SOFC after it is heated with the turbine exhaust. An aspect of the invention varies the amount of electricity generated and the volume of hydrogen co-produced based upon the demand of electricity and/or the demand of said hydrogen.

Claims

1. A system for generating electricity and co-producing hydrogen comprising:

a. electricity generating means, including a turbine-solid oxide fuel cell system a turbine compressor having a turbine and an associated compressor, and an associated topping combustor, for generating electricity and for producing a gasifier compressed air flow from the turbine compressor where the turbine is connected to an electrical generator, and where air inducted into the turbine compressor from a feed air inlet provides the gasifier compressed air flow;

b. coal gasifier means connected to receive said gasifier compressed air flow from the turbine compressor for producing a gaseous uncleaned syngas flow from coal, steam, and the compressed air flow; and

c. gaseous hydrogen co-production means for processing said gaseous uncleaned syngas flow to co-produce a gaseous hydrogen flow and for delivering a gaseous processed syngas flow to said electricity generating means, where the gaseous hydrogen co-production means comprises;

(1) hot gas clean-up means for removing sulfur from said uncleaned syngas flow and for delivering a gaseous fuel stream to the topping combustor and providing a gaseous processed syngas flow, and (2) a hydrogen gas separation means for receiving and removing hydrogen gas from the processed syngas flow, and for delivering gaseous processed syngas flow, with a portion of hydrogen gas removed, to the solid oxide fuel cell system.

2. The system of claim 1, further comprising electricity/hydrogen production control means connected to said coal gasifier means and hydrogen co-production means for varying the amount of electricity generated and the volume of said hydrogen flow co-produced.

3. The system of claim 1, wherein the

solid oxide fuel cell system receives a compressed air flow and at least a portion of said gaseous processed syngas flow and generates a first portion of electricity and a vitiated air flow;

and the

topping combustor receives a fuel flow and said vitiated air flow and generates a second portion of electricity.

4. The system of claim 1, wherein said hydrogen co-production means further comprises fuel flow delivery means for delivering as the gaseous fuel stream at least a portion of said processed syngas flow to said topping combustor, where the topping combustor also receives a vitiated air flow from the solid oxide fuel cell system and delivers combustion products flow to the turbine and where said hot gas clean up means also removes particulates, and alkali species from said uncleaned syngas flow, and gasifier compressed air flow is provided directly from the turbine compressor, air is directly inducted into the turbine compressor and coal gasifier means is directly connected to receive gasifier compressed air flow.

5. The system of claim 2, wherein:

said electricity/hydrogen production control means varies the amounts of said processed syngas flow and said gaseous fuel stream delivered to said topping combustor.

6. The system of claim 3, wherein:

a. said turbine produces an exhaust air flow; and

b. said electricity generating means further comprises a heating means for heating said gasifier compressed air flow with said exhaust air flow.

7. The system of claim 1, wherein said hydrogen co-production means further comprises shift reactor means.

8. The system of claim 1, further comprising hydrogen delivery means for delivering at least a portion of said hydrogen flow to said coal gasifier means.