Buck converter

• US 5,959,442 A
• Filed: 09/30/1997
• Issued: 09/28/1999
• Est. Priority Date: 09/30/1997
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Intel Corporation
• Original Assignee: Intel Corporation
• Inventors: Hallberg, Alan, Nguyen, Don J.
• Primary Examiner(s): NGUYEN, MATTHEW VAN
• Application Number:
  US08/941,665
• Time in Patent Office: 728 Days
• Field of Search: 323/223, 323/224, 323/226, 323/266, 323/270, 323/271, 323/273, 323/282
• US Class Current: 323/282
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 3/1588 comprising at least one synchronous rectifier element H02M3/1582, H02M3/1584 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H03K 17/063 in field-effect transistor switches
• CPC Class Codes: Y02B 70/10 Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes

Abstract

A voltage converter for converting an input voltage to a different output voltage includes an output filter for providing the output voltage and a voltage switch coupled in series between the input voltage and the output filter. A controller compares the output voltage to a reference voltage and in response thereto, provides signals to turn the voltage switch on or off. A level shifter is coupled between the controller and the voltage switch.

Claims

1. A voltage converter for converting an input DC voltage to a different output DC voltage, comprising:

an output filter for providing the output voltage;

a voltage switch coupled in series between the input voltage and the output filter, the voltage switch including a gate and a source;

a controller which compares the output voltage to a reference voltage and in response thereto, outputs a control signal; and

a level shifter for driving the voltage switch in response to the control signal and the input voltage, the level shifter operable to prevent the gate to source voltage of the voltage switch from exceeding a predetermined value.

2. The voltage converter of claim 1 wherein the voltage switch comprises a MOSFET.

3. The voltage converter of claim 1 wherein:

the level shifter further controls the gate to source voltage such that when the controller provides the signal to turn the voltage switch on, the gate to source voltage differential is sufficient to fully turn the voltage switch on.

4. The voltage converter of claim 1 wherein the level shifter comprises:

a level shift transistor coupled between the controller and the gate of the voltage switch, the level shift transistor including a driver terminal; and

apparatus coupled between the input voltage and the driver terminal to limit the voltage at the driver terminal.

5. The voltage converter of claim 4 wherein the level shift transistor comprises a MOSFET, and the driver terminal is coupled to a bootstrap capacitor.

6. The voltage converter of claim 4 wherein the level shift transistor comprises a bipolar transistor.

12. The voltage converter of claim 1 further comprising:

a second switch coupled between the voltage switch and ground; and

first and second safety devices responsive to the voltage switch and the second switch, the first and second safety devices operable to prevent the voltage switch and the second switch from simultaneously being on.

13. The voltage converter of claim 4 wherein the apparatus comprises a zener diode having a cathode coupled to receive the input voltage and an anode coupled to the driver terminal.

7. A voltage converter for converting an input voltage to a different output voltage, comprising:

an output filter for providing the output voltage;

means for comparing the output voltage to a predetermined reference voltage;

a voltage switch coupled in series between the input voltage and the output filter, the voltage switch including a gate and a source;

means for driving the voltage switch responsive to the comparing means and the input voltage, such that the gate to source voltage differential is sufficient to fully turn the voltage switch on, and the gate to source voltage does not exceed a predetermined value.

8. The voltage converter of claim 7 further comprising a second switch coupled between the voltage switch and ground.

9. The voltage converter of claim 8 further comprising means for preventing the voltage switch and the second switch from simultaneously being on.

10. A voltage converter for converting an input voltage to a different output voltage comprising:

a P-channel MOSFET including a gate and a source, the source being responsive to the input voltage;

an N-channel MOSFET coupled in series between the P-channel MOSFET and ground, the P-channel MOSFET and the N-channel MOSFET forming a junction therebetween to provide an output;

a controller responsive to the output and to a reference voltage to generate signals for turning the P-channel MOSFET and the N-channel MOSFET on or off to generate the output voltage; and

a level shifter coupled between the controller and the gate of the P-channel MOSFET for controlling the P-channel MOSFET gate to fully turn the P-channel MOSFET on.

11. The voltage converter of claim 10 wherein the level shifter further prevents the gate of the P-channel MOSFET gate to source voltage from exceeding a maximum voltage irrespective of the input voltage to a predetermined limit.

14. A voltage converter for converting an input DC voltage to a different output DC voltage, comprising:

an output filter for providing the output voltage;

a P-channel MOSFET having a gate, a source and a drain, the source coupled to receive the input voltage and the drain coupled to the output filter;

a controller which compares the output voltage to a reference voltage and in response thereto, outputs a control signal; and

a level shifter coupled to the gate, the level shifter operable to control the gate to source voltage in response to the control signal and the input voltage, such that the gate to source voltage differential is sufficient to fully turn the P-channel MOSFET on.

15. The voltage converter of claim 14 wherein the level shifter drives the gate to about ground potential in response to the input voltage falling below a predetermined level.

16. The voltage converter of claim 14 wherein the level shifter comprises:

a level shift transistor coupled between the controller and the gate of the P-channel MOSFET, the level shift transistor including a driver terminal; and

a bootstrap capacitor coupled to the driver terminal.

17. The voltage converter of claim 14 wherein the level shifter comprises a bi-polar transistor.

18. The voltage converter of claim 14 wherein the level shifter is further operable to prevent the gate to source voltage from exceeding a predetermined value.

19. A voltage converter for converting an input DC voltage to a different output DC voltage, comprising:

an output filter for providing the output voltage;

first and second switches coupled in series between the input voltage and the output filter;

a controller which compares the output voltage to a reference voltage and in response thereto, outputs a control signal;

a level shifter for driving the voltage switch in response to the control signal and the input voltage; and

first and second safety devices responsive to the first and second switches, the first and second safety devices operable to prevent the first and second switches from simultaneously being on.

20. The voltage converter of claim 19 wherein the first and second safety devices comprise first and second MOSFETs.