Method and system for detecting dissolve transitions in a video signal

• US 5,959,697 A
• Filed: 06/07/1996
• Issued: 09/28/1999
• Est. Priority Date: 06/07/1996
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. (HP Inc.)
• Original Assignee: Electronic Data Systems Corporation (Perspecta, Inc.)
• Inventors: Coleman, Jr., E. North
• Primary Examiner(s): Lee, Michael
• Application Number:
  US08/660,257
• Time in Patent Office: 1,208 Days
• Field of Search: 348/593, 348/594, 348/595, 348/597, 348/700, 348/701, 348/702, 348/703, 348/592, 348/590, 382/173, 382/197, 382/100, 382/107, 382/228, 382/236, 382/281
• US Class Current: 348/700
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 7/254 involving subtraction of images
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 19/179 the unit being a scene or a shot
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 19/87 involving scene cut or scene change detection in combination with video compression
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 5/147 Scene change detection

Abstract

A method and system for detecting dissolve transitions in a digital video signal made up of a series of video images is disclosed. In accordance with the method of the invention, a plurality of the video images are segmented into a number of cells wherein each cell comprises a number of pixels each having a pixel intensity value representing the intensity of the pixel. A plurality of cell contrast vectors each associated with one of the segmented video images is generated. Each element of the cell contrast vector is associated with one of the cells and comprises the standard deviation of the pixel intensity values for the pixels in that cell. A dissolve is detected for a video image in response to the cell contrast vector for that image.

Claims

1. A method of detecting dissolve transitions in a digital video signal made up of a series of video images, comprising:

segmenting a plurality of the video images, each of the plurality of video images segmented into a first number of cells, each cell comprising a second number of pixels, a pixel having a pixel intensity value representing the intensity of the pixel;

generating a plurality of cell contrast vectors each associated with one of the segmented video images, each element of the cell contrast vector associated with one of the cells and comprising the standard deviation of the pixel intensity values for the pixels in that cell;

generating a first dissolve-detect signal for a segmented video image in response to the cell contrast vector for that video image.

2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:

generating a plurality of contrast change vectors each associated with one of the segmented video images, the contrast change vector for a video image comprising the cell contrast vector for that video image minus the cell contrast vector for another video image;

calculating the maximum cell contrast for each of the segmented video images, the maximum contrast for an image comprising the value of the largest element of the cell contrast vector for that image;

generating a first dissolve signal comprising a plurality of first dissolve values, each first dissolve value associated with a segmented video image, the first dissolve value for a specific image comprising a value proportional to the sum of the total number of elements of the contrast change vector for the specific image having a value between a first lower limit and a first upper limit and the total number of elements of the contrast change vector for the specific image having a value between a second lower limit and a second upper limit; and

wherein the step of generating a first dissolve-detect signal further comprises generating a first dissolve-detect signal for a segmented video image in response to the first dissolve value for that video image.

3. The method of claim 1, further comprising:

filtering the first dissolve signal to produce a first filtered dissolve signal comprising a plurality of first filtered values, each first filtered value associated with a segmented video image;

wherein the step of generating a first dissolve-detect signal further comprises generating a first dissolve-detect signal for a segmented video image if the first filtered value associated with that segmented video image exceeds a first threshold value.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein each video image comprises a field of a video signal.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein each video image comprises a frame of a video signal.

6. The method of claim 3, wherein the contrast change vector for a video image comprises the contrast change vector for that video image minus the contrast change vector for the same field in the immediately prior frame of the digital video signal.

7. The method of claim 3, wherein the filtering step further comprises convolving the first dissolve signal with a difference of Gaussians function.

8. The method of claim 3, wherein a first dissolve is centered at a video image designated as the center video image if the first filtered value associated with that video image exceeds the first threshold value and if the first filtered value associated with that video image exceeds the first filtered value associated with the immediately following video image.

9. The method of claim 3, further comprising:

generating a second dissolve signal comprising a plurality of second dissolve values, each second dissolve value associated with a segmented video image, the second dissolve value for a specific image comprising a value proportional to the sum of the total number of elements of the contrast change vector for the specific image having a value between a third lower limit and a third upper limit and the total number of elements of the contrast change vector for the specific image having a value between a fourth lower limit and a fourth upper limit;

filtering the second dissolve signal to produce a second filtered dissolve signal comprising a plurality of second filtered values, each second filtered value associated with a segmented video image;

generating a second dissolve-detect signal for a segmented video image if the second filtered value associated with that segmented video image exceeds a second threshold value.

10. The method of claim 9, wherein the first dissolve-detect signal indicates a slow dissolve event and the second dissolve-detect signal indicates a fast dissolve event.

11. The method of claim 9, wherein the step of filtering the second dissolve signal further comprises convolving the second dissolve signal with a difference of Gaussian'"'"'s function;

and

wherein a second dissolve is centered at a video image designated as the center video image if the second filtered value associated with that video image exceeds the second threshold value and if the second filtered value associated with that video image exceeds the second filtered value associated with the immediately following video image.

12. A computerized system for detecting dissolve transitions in a digital video signal made up of a series of video images, comprising:

a computer-readable medium; and

a computer program encoded on the computer-readable medium, the computer program further operable to

segment a plurality of the video images, each of the plurality of video images segmented into a first number of cells, each cell comprising a second number of pixels, a pixel having a pixel intensity value representing the intensity of the pixel;

generate a plurality of cell contrast vectors each associated with one of the segmented video images, each element of the cell contrast vector associated with one of the cells and comprising the standard deviation of the pixel intensity values for the pixels in that cell; and

generate a first dissolve-detect signal for a segmented video image in response to the cell contrast vector for that video image.

13. The computerized system of claim 12, wherein the computer program is further operable to:

generate a plurality of contrast change vectors each associated with one of the segmented video images, the contrast change vector for a video image comprising the cell contrast vector for that video image minus the cell contrast vector for another video image;

calculate the maximum cell contrast for each of the segmented video images, the maximum contrast for an image comprising the value of the largest element of the cell contrast vector for that image;

generate a first dissolve signal comprising a plurality of dissolve values, each dissolve value associated with a segmented video image, the dissolve value for a specific image comprising a value proportional to the sum of the total number of elements of the contrast change vector for the specific image having a value between a first lower limit and a first upper limit and the total number of elements of the contrast change vector for the specific image having a value between a second lower limit and a second upper limit; and

generate a first dissolve-detect signal for a segmented video image in response to the first dissolve value for that video image.

14. The computerized system of claim 13, wherein the computer program is further operable to:

filter the first dissolve signal to produce a first filtered dissolve signal comprising a plurality of first filtered values, each first filtered value associated with a segmented video image; and

generate a first dissolve-detect signal for a segmented video image if the first filtered value associated with that segmented video image exceeds a first threshold value.

15. The computerized system of claim 13, wherein the contrast change vector for a video image comprises the contrast change vector for that video image minus the contrast change vector for the same field in the immediately prior frame of the digital video signal.

16. The computerized system of claim 14, wherein the computer program filters the first dissolve signal by convolving it with a difference of Gaussian'"'"'s function.

17. The computerized system of claim 14, wherein a first dissolve is centered at a video image designated as the center video image if the first filtered value associated with that video image exceeds the first threshold value and if the first filtered value associated with that video image exceeds the first filtered value associated with the immediately following video image.

18. The computerized system of claim 14, wherein the computer program is further operable to:

generate a second dissolve signal comprising a plurality of second dissolve values, each second dissolve value associated with a segmented video image, the second dissolve value for a specific image comprising a value proportional to the sum of the total number of elements of the contrast change vector for the specific image having a value between a third lower limit and a third upper limit and the total number of elements of the contrast change vector for the specific image having a value between a fourth lower limit and a fourth upper limit;

filter the second dissolve signal to produce a second filtered dissolve signal comprising a plurality of second filtered values, each second filtered value associated with a segmented video image;

generate a second dissolve-detect signal for a segmented video image if the second filtered value associated with that segmented video image exceeds a second threshold value.

19. A computerized system detecting dissolve transitions in a digital video signal made up of a series of video images, comprising:

a storage medium;

a processor coupled to the storage medium;

a digital video signal source coupled to the storage medium and providing the digital video signal to the system;

a computer program stored in the storage medium, the computer program operable to run on the processor and process the digital video signal, the software further operable to

segment a plurality of the video images, each of the plurality of video images segmented into a first number of cells, each cell comprising a second number of pixels, a pixel having a pixel intensity value representing the intensity of the pixel;

generate a plurality of cell contrast vectors each associated with one of the segmented video images, each element of the cell contrast vector associated with one of the cells and comprising the standard deviation of the pixel intensity values for the pixels in that cell;

generate a plurality of contrast change vectors each associated with one of the segmented video images, the contrast change vector for a video image comprising the cell contrast vector for that video image minus the cell contrast vector for another video image;

calculate the maximum cell contrast for each of the segmented video images, the maximum contrast for an image comprising the value of the largest element of the cell contrast vector for that image;

generate a first dissolve signal comprising a plurality of dissolve values, each dissolve value associated with a segmented video image, the dissolve value for a specific image comprising a value proportional to the sum of the total number of elements of the contrast change vector for the specific image having a value between a first lower limit and a first upper limit and the total number of elements of the contrast change vector for the specific image having a value between a second lower limit and a second upper limit;

filter the first dissolve signal to produce a first filtered dissolve signal comprising a plurality of first filtered values, each first filtered value associated with a segmented video image;

generate a first dissolve-detect signal for a segmented video image if the first filtered value associated with that segmented video image exceeds a first threshold value.

20. The computerized system of claim 19, wherein the computer program is further operable to:

generate a second dissolve signal comprising a plurality of second dissolve values, each second dissolve value associated with a segmented video image, the second dissolve value for a specific image a value proportional to the sum of the total number of elements of the contrast change vector for the specific image having a value between a third lower limit and a third upper limit and the total number of elements of the contrast change vector for the specific image having a value between a fourth lower limit and a fourth upper limit;

filter the second dissolve signal to produce a second filtered dissolve signal comprising a plurality of second filtered values, each second filtered value associated with a segmented video image;

generate a second dissolve-detect signal for a segmented video image if the second filtered value associated with that segmented video image exceeds a second threshold value.